Open Housing Research Articles

Global and regional prediction of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis prevalence in extensive backyard chickens in low-income and middle-income countries

Backyard chickens usually have open housing and scavenge for food, facilitating contact with infective forms of parasites present in the environment and increasing the risk of parasitic infections. Coccidiosis and ascaridiosis are two internal parasites in scavenging chickens that cause production losses to farmers. Prevalence data of these two diseases are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) but necessary to assess the burden of disease in backyard chickens. This study estimates the clinical prevalence of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis at the country and regional levels in all LMICs using regression imputation methods. Regression models were developed with data of known prevalence of these parasites and using primarily climatic factors as predictors. A binomial random effects model was developed for each disease to impute prevalence. The overall estimated prevalence of coccidiosis was 0.39 (95 % CI: 0.37–0.42), with a higher mean prevalence in tropical countries. The overall estimated prevalence of ascaridiosis was 0.23 (95 % CI: 0.22–0.25) with a higher mean prevalence in countries with tropical, temperate and continental climates. The findings of this study can aid to identify the burdens of coccidiosis and ascaridiosis infections across countries and regions, which can inform disease control plans and, and encourage international alliances to facilitate access to preventive measures, improving animal health and reducing production losses.

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing

Implementasi Konsep Akuntansi Syariah Dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur Pada Ekonomi Biru Di Indonesia

There are 514 urban areas in the archipelagic nation of Indonesia (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2016). There are many cities in Indonesia that are able to provide a sense of comfort and security for their residents, this of course has an impact on population growth. However, the amount of waste that can be generated and stored is limited by the carrying capacity of the urban environment. Using the idea of ​​a "green city" which consists of nine elements of road infrastructure, traffic, green open space, clean water, noise, energy, housing, clean air and buildings is one way to overcome the above problems. All these qualities need to be utilized immediately with a comprehensive systems approach and in accordance with economic, social and environmental principles in sustainable development. Blue economy approaches can be used to eliminate waste. The “blue economy” is a term that is becoming increasingly popular in today's seas and oceans. The aim of this concept is to combine sea base development opportunities with environmental management and protection. Four conceptual interpretations of the blue economy were determined through research into the dominant discourse in international economic policy documents. How the blue economy works is also examined through an “in practice” analysis of the blue economy and related actors. Next, the scope and focus of the blue economy is explored specifically on the maritime industry, which is included or excluded in various conceptualizations. This analysis reveals areas of agreement and conflict. The consensus range reflects the growing trend towards the commercialization and valuation of nature, delineating and defining maritime boundaries and enhancing the security of the world's oceans. There are several areas of conflict, particularly disputes over the legitimacy of individuals as part of the “blue economy”, highly carbon-intensive industries such as oil and gas and the growing deep sea mining industry. Oceans are becoming increasingly important in terms of potential international trade opportunities through intermediaries and buyers. the behavior of the model supporting such a relationship in the ocean is acceptable from a regular and economic point of view. The relationship between land and sea is increasing in the role and importance of the "blue economy" as the term emerges in the background. . A literature review was conducted to analyze the correct definition of the blue economy. This definition is analyzed based on the minimum requirements that are important for the blue economy. This article also tries to compile various types of activities related to marine services. This is done to determine what can be considered priority areas for blue economic growth. The blue economy concept is based on national economic development. This is comprehensively useful for achieving overall national development. Environmental accounting is stated as a process of reducing negative values ​​and creating positive values ​​in environmental accountability.

INFLUENCE OF PARATYPIC FACTORS ON THE FERTILITY OF DAIRY COWS AND REPLACEMENT HEIFERS

The results of researching the influence of the season, air temperature, age, stage of lactation, insemination number and daily milk yield on the fertilization of heifers and cows under different housing technologies are presented. It was established that the best fertilization was demonstrated by heifers kept in tethered housing at PE Agroprogres. Nevertheless, the fertilization rate of cows among the farms under study was the highest under free housing (p<0.001). By months of the year, in general, on all farms, a trend of a greater number of inseminations of heifers was observed in spring and summer, although no clear dependence was established. The share of fertile inseminations of heifers of PE Agroprogress varied from 56% in October to 92% in June. Fertilization of heifers at SE EFs named after Dekabrists and Kutuzivka had less variability: from 47% in February to 70% in May in the first farm and from 46% in May to 60% in July in the second farm, respectively. At PE Agroprogres and SE EF named after Dekabrists, there was a tendency to increase the fertilization of heifers at the air temperature above 20 ºС. Cows of PE Agroprogres and SE EF named after Dekabrists had the lowest fertilization rate at temperatures below -10 ºC. There was also a trend of its increase with an increase in air temperature above 20 ºC. It was established that at PE Agroprogres (tethered housing) a clear trend of increasing the fertility of cows was observed during the period of summer open air housing, at SE RF named after Dekabrists this trend is almost imperceptible, and the opposite dependence has been established at SE EF Kutuzivka (year-round free housing keeping with feeding on walking platforms). At all studied farms, there was a clear tendency in decrease of the fertilization of cows during the period of high milk productivity. Cows of PE Agroprogres and SE EF Kutuzivka with a daily milk yield of more than 40 kg of milk were fertilized worse by 1-4% (р<0.1) and 5-6% (р<0.001) than animals with a lower milk yield. Cows of the SE EF named after Dekabrists with a daily milk yield of more than 30 kg also had 8-9% (p<0.001) worse fertilization compared to animals with lower productivity. At all studied farms, the highest percentage of fertilization was characterized by heifers at their first insemination, and among cows were animals of the first and second calving. According to all inseminations, the average day of lactation of cows with their artificial insemination was 38-54 days longer at SE EF named after Dekabrists in comparison with PE Agroprogres and SE EF Kutuzivka (p<0.001). The share of fertilized cows during the breeding period up to 90 days after calving was lower by 6% At PE Agroprogres, and by 9% at SE EF named after Dekabrists, and by 6% at SE EF Kutuzivka than in the mid-lactation period (91-180 days) (р<0.001).

Effect of environment, and seaweed (Sagassum sp) in the feed on the physiological behavior and performance of European quail

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the inclusion of marine macroalgae bran of the species Sargassum sp at increasing levels (0; 2.5; 5 and 7.5 %) on the productive performance and physiological responses of European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix), in two types of environments. A total of 480 European quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were used, distributed in an entirely randomized design, with four levels of bran inclusion (0.0; 2.5; 5.0, and 7.5 %), 6 repetitions with 10 birds in each experimental plot. Water consumption was higher and feed intake was lower in the climatic chamber in all phases, presenting regression and interaction effects for both environments as a function of sargassum bran inclusion. Thus, feed conversion and weight gain were also influenced and similar to the feed and water intake results. For the physiological variables, no interactions between the environments were identified as a function of sargassum bran inclusion in any of the phases. However, there were significant differences between the environments. In the first phase, the respiratory rate variable was higher in the climatic chamber and there was no significant difference in the other phases. It is recommended the inclusion of up to 7.5% of sargassum bran in the diet of European quail in all phases, without compromising their productive performance and maintaining the physiological variables within the normal range in environments similar to those simulated in the open housing. However, under heat stress conditions, the quail are compromised, and the inclusion did not have the effect of maintaining the performance of the birds.

Effect of ultrasonographic lung consolidation on health and growth in dairy calves: A longitudinal study

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common and complex disease process in calves. Subclinical disease exists and early detection can be challenging due to inconsistent or nonexistent clinical signs. Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) is often used and has the potential to improve the identification of respiratory diseases. Combining systematic TUS with clinical examination allows distinguishing BRD, including upper respiratory tract disease (clinical signs of respiratory disease, but no significant lung consolidation), clinical pneumonia (clinical signs of respiratory disease along with lung consolidations), and subclinical pneumonia (no clinical signs, but lung consolidations). Data on subclinical pneumonia are scarce, particularly outside of the North American or European contexts similar to Iran in west Asia with a dry and semi-arid climate and intensive breeding systems similar to North America which breeding calves begin in individual boxes, then moving to group pens, and finally to free stall or open shed housing systems. The first objective of this longitudinal study was to use weekly ultrasonography to monitor calves from birth until weaning in an Iranian dairy herd. The second objective was to look for any association between individual lung consolidation episode or cumulative consolidation episodes on preweaning growth. Thoracic ultrasonography TUS was performed on calves (n = 221) weekly from birth to weaning (8 wk), and scanning occasions for each calf were equally distributed with 1-wk intervals (using consolidation threshold ≥3 cm as a specific lung consolidation definition, and ≥1 cm as a more sensitive threshold). Calf body weights were recorded using a weight tape. Other information recorded were transfer of passive immunity (TPI) using serum Brix (%) ≥8.4% as adequate TPI within the first week after birth and the treatment history of the calves. The main strategy for modeling was to determine how long-term lung consolidation affects average daily gain (ADG) during the preweaning period. A linear model was used to determine the effect of the number of weeks with consolidation on ADG. Using consolidation threshold of ≥3 cm, the mean (±SD) of total ADG for calves with no consolidation episode, one consolidation episode, and 2 or more consolidation episodes were: 0.45 (±0.10), 0.39 (±0.10), and 0.38 (±0.11) kg/d, respectively. In the final multivariable regression analysis model and based on consolidation threshold of ≥3 cm, calves with one and 2 or more consolidation episodes had significantly lower ADG ± standard error of 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/d, and 0.06 ± 0.02 kg/d, respectively compared with animals with no consolidation episode. A total of 20% of calves (46/229 calves that entered the study) were treated for respiratory disease based on clinical signs (based on farmer examination). The final model also included specific confounders related to ADG and their interactions with lung consolidation (transfer of passive immunity [TPI] and BRD treatment). An overall of 86% of adequate TPI was obtained. BRD treatment based on farmer diagnosis had a larger negative effect on preweaning ADG than ultrasonography-diagnosed consolidation episodes (lower ADG ± SE of 0.10 ± 0.03 kg/d). When using a more sensitive consolidation threshold (≥1 cm as consolidation), the number of weeks with consolidation was also negatively associated with the ADG in the multivariable linear regression model with significant difference of 0.05 ± 0.02 kg/d for nonconsolidated calves versus calves consolidated for 2 or more weeks and insignificant difference of 0.01 ± 0.02 kg/d for nonconsolidated calves versus calves with 1 consolidation episode.

Capitalisation of multiple ecosystems on property prices in Auckland, New Zealand

Ecosystems and their associated services have become essential in policymaking as they often have implications for the welfare of those who live nearby. Coupled with the shift toward integrating green infrastructure, ecosystem services, and nature-based solutions in urban and environmental planning, ecosystems may capitalise on property prices. But a potential phenomenon in applications of hedonic prices models is the offsetting between amenities and disamenities values, which may result in insignificant marginal effects. Some strategies to mitigate this phenomenon involve introducing a greater categorisation of open spaces and housing submarkets typology. Hence, this paper explores the capitalisation patterns of 14 terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems across the housing market segments of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. We used a dataset of 274 thousand sales transactions between January 2011 and December 2019. Models are estimated via OLS and unconditional quantile regressions (UQR) to account for heterogeneity, outliers and heavy-tailed distributions. UQR produce more accurate estimates of the implicit prices and lead to more effective policy recommendations. We find multiple capitalisation patterns across the prices distribution and confirm offsetting effects when ecosystems are not controlled as separate variables. This paper informs land-use decisions involving the preservation or creation of natural spaces in residential areas and improves our understanding of the interaction between their economic valuation and regional diversity.

Elasticity Analysis of Production Cost Against Income of Broiler Business with Open-House and Closed-House System in Banyumas Regency

In this study, the elasticity of production costs to broiler business income with the partnership pattern in Banyumas regency and production costs and broiler business income with open and closed house systems were examined. The survey approach was used to conduct the research. As the research site, Banyumas regency, one of the hubs for broiler farming in Central Java, was deliberately chosen. Commercial broiler farmers were categorized according to their housing system when choosing the respondents, and 31 farmers used the open housing system, whereas 30 farmers used the closed housing system. The elasticity of production costs to revenue was examined using multiple linear regression while production costs and profits were assessed financially. According to the findings, commercial broiler farmers made an average of IDR 3,626,578 and IDR 4,896,844 each month for 1000 birds in open and closed houses, respectively. The price of DOC, the depreciation of housing, and the depreciation of the farmers' equipment all have a big impact on their revenue. This study's conclusion is that by lowering broiler mortality and making the best use of housing and equipment, farmers may increase their profitability.

Tracy E.K'Meyer. To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022

Peace & ChangeEarly View BOOK REVIEW Tracy E. K'Meyer. To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022 Rebecca K. Marchiel, Corresponding Author Rebecca K. Marchiel [email protected] University of MississippiSearch for more papers by this author Rebecca K. Marchiel, Corresponding Author Rebecca K. Marchiel [email protected] University of MississippiSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 February 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12599Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

The actual implementation of the open-oriented reconstruction on housing blocks: a case study of Changchun, China

ABSTRACT The construction of housing blocks in China went through an unusual phase from 2016 to 2019, the concept of open housing blocks which is different from accustomed gated ones actually guided the residential transformation. This study attempts to elucidate the actual implementation of residential transformation in Chinese cities during that groping phase when guided only by vague concepts before the promulgation of new specific design criteria. It mainly involves two aspects: the spatial characteristics of target housing blocks and the transformation measures. Twenty-four samples of reconstructed housing blocks were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, then five spatial variables (scale, form, layout, internal road network, and relation with streets) were classified to obtain the commonalities and characteristics of residential forms. Three reconstructed approaches and their combinations in the samples (boundary demolition, road reconstruction, and open state related to surrounding plots) were also captured and clustered to extract the types and causes for transformation patterns. It is found that in the absence of specific implementation guidelines, the renovation methods were made minor adjustments by cases, but a rigid “open” state was pursued overall, although this radical openness is not appropriate for housing blocks with different morphological structures and physical conditions.

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing by Tracy E. K'Meyer (review)

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing by Tracy E. K'Meyer (review)

PREVALENCE OF TICKS AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INFESTATION OF SHEEP IN RIVER NILE STATE, SUDAN

A cross-sectional study was conducted in River Nile State, Sudan, between June to August 2018 to determine the prevalence of tick infestation on sheep and the potential risk factors associated with the infestation. A total of 135 sheep from five different localities (Shendi, Al Matamah, Ad-Damer, Atbara, and Berber) were examined and, of these, 90 were tick-infested (66.7%). A total of 340 ticks (male 185, female 155) were collected and identified using zoological taxonomic keys. The most dominant tick species collected in this survey were Rhipicephalus eversti Neumann, 1897 (38%), followed by Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844 (23.8%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, 1806 (20.6%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus Gerstacker, 1873 (16.4%), and Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844 (1.2%). The chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between tick infestation and localities, housing type, sex, control of ticks, and removal of manure. The highest prevalence rate was recorded in Atbara, in the open housing type, in females, in farms that did not use acaricides and did not remove the manure frequently. On the other hand, there was no significant association (p ˃ 0.05) between tick infestation and herd size, rearing system, breed, age and colour of coat (p=0.846). This study expanded the knowledge on tick fauna and associated risk factors in the River Nile State, and it demonstrated that multiple tick species are infesting sheep with the potential to transmit several tick-borne diseases.

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing. By Tracy E. K'Meyer. Historical Studies of Urban America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 240 pp. $45.00 cloth.

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee's Campaign for Open Housing. By Tracy E. K'Meyer. Historical Studies of Urban America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 240 pp. $45.00 cloth. - Volume 91 Issue 4

How Distributional Conflict over In-Kind Benefits Generates Support for Far-Right Parties

Does granting immigrants access to the welfare state increase support for far-right parties? This article makes two contributions to this debate. Theoretically, we highlight the importance of welfare programs that provide benefits in kind. Because they are prone to congestion, in-kind programs are vulnerable to localized demand shocks that can activate distributional conflict between natives and immigrants. Empirically, we identify the impact of distributional conflict on national electoral outcomes by leveraging an exogenous shock to welfare eligibility. Focusing on an EU directive that forced Austrian municipalities to open public housing to previously excluded immigrants, we show that the reform increased support for far-right parties with welfare chauvinist platforms. Electoral ward data suggest that this response was concentrated in districts with a high proportion of public housing beneficiaries or low-end rentals. Our findings provide novel evidence that distributional conflict can accelerate the rise of far-right parties in countries with substantial in-kind welfare programs.

A Comparison Study on the Long-life Housing Development Histories and Plans of Collective Housing Based on the Open Building Theory in China and Japan

These days have seen the rise of open building theory through the development of SI housing system in China and Japan, as one of the strategies of long-life housing. In SI housing system, although the concept of levels has been well applied, and the resident decision are being considered before and after occupancy, some of the plans and designs don’t really meet resident requirements and likes, especially in China. As a result, some of the designs are not that effective as expected. There is no doubt that the open building theory is one of the good strategies towards long-life housing though, the realizing methods should be reconsidered, in order to meet the residents’ needs better.As the local regulation, culture, society, etc. are greatly distinguished in China and Japan, the development histories of long-life housing and open building theory in China and Japan and the differences between them should be firstly investigated. In this article, the development histories of long-life housing and open building theory in China and Japan are introduced and compared, and that different social background influenced their development process and industrial models is confirmed. Besides, the supply method and plan differences of open building housing of two countries are compared and analysed. As a result, it is shown that different social backgrounds have an impact on the development of SI housing, that in Japan the SI structure system has been formed, while China has developed the SI supply system.

To Live Peaceably Together: The American Friends Service Committee’s Campaign for Open Housing, by TRACY E. K’MEYER

This historical monograph chronicles the varying strategies adopted by the Quaker organization, the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), to improve the housing opportunities for black families. For almost three decades beginning from the 1940s, the AFSC made cohousing a priority whilst rarely being able to achieve wholesale success. Using the detailed local and national minutes and reports typical of Quaker organizations, Tracey K’Meyer has been able to reconstruct the successes and challenges of the initiatives. In so many ways and in concert with each other, hostile neighbors, developers, realtors, and the apparatus of local government—all supported by the fear of falling housing prices should neighborhoods become racially mixed—blocked attempts to desegregate the suburbs. It is a well-rehearsed history that continues today. What makes the book distinct is its detailed focus on a single faith-based organization’s attempts to promote equality of opportunity and the techniques it pioneered. Given the abundance of data available to the author, the account is rich both in chronological detail but also into the personalities and background of some of the leading staff members working on the ground in Chicago, Richmond, California, and Philadelphia. It gives an ample portrait of Quaker service agency and the value of the book lies in its meticulous attention to detail whilst remaining highly readable. As K’Meyer suggests, academic work on the activists remains under-researched.

Risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between free-ranging animals and captive mink in the Netherlands.

In the Netherlands, 69 of the 126 (55%) mink farms in total became infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2020. Despite strict biosecurity measures and extensive epidemiological investigations, the main transmission route remained unclear. A better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission between mink farms is of relevance for countries where mink farming is still common practice and can be used as a case study to improve future emerging disease preparedness. We assessed whether SARS‐CoV‐2 spilled over from mink to free‐ranging animals, and whether free‐ranging animals may have played a role in farm‐to‐farm transmission in the Netherlands. The study encompassed farm visits, farm questionnaires, expert workshops and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and antibody testing of samples from target animal species (bats, birds and free‐ranging carnivores). In this study, we show that the open housing system of mink allowed access to birds, bats and most free‐ranging carnivores, and that direct and indirect contact with mink was likely after entry, especially for free‐ranging carnivores and birds. This allowed SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure to animals entering the mink farm, and subsequent infection or mechanical carriage by the target animal species. Moreover, mink can escape farms in some cases, and two SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive mink were found outside farm premises. No other SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA‐positive free‐ranging animals were detected, suggesting there was no abundant circulation in the species tested during the study period. To investigate previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody detection using lung extracts of carcasses was set up and validated. One tested beech marten did have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, but the closest SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mink farm was outside of its home range, making infection at a mink farm unlikely. Knowing that virus exchange between different species and the formation of animal reservoirs affects SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution, continued vigilance and monitoring of mink farms and surrounding wildlife remains vital.

Energy efficiency, carbon emissions, and thermal comfort comparisons between conventional and proposed clustered open courtyard housing using CEB blocks

This research aims to assess a compact economic housing model design proposal using walls constructed of compressed earth blocks as a nucleus for sustainable urban housing in Egypt. This research also aims to evaluate the effect of the direction of the proposed compact building on the building’s internal thermal comfort, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. According to previous studies, residential buildings represent about 50% of land uses in Egyptian cities, consume about 19% of the energy produced, and are responsible for 10% of carbon dioxide emissions. All previous environmental studies commended the thermal performance of courtyard buildings in the hot-arid climate of which Egypt is a part. As a result, the authors directed many previous studies towards new housing patterns in Egyptian cities using court-yarded clustered housing to improve thermal performance, decrease energy consumption, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This research compares two residential buildings using design-builder simulation. The two buildings have the same housing unit area of 90 m2 to represent the social housing unit area in Egyptian cities. The first comparative building is a conventional residential building surrounded by solar radiation from all sides and uses walls constructed of solid cement bricks (SCB). The second comparative building is a cluster open court-yarded building using walls built of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB). Results show that both the clustered open courtyard housing model whose main axis is in the (N-S) direction and the use of CEB has improved all of the examined measures.

Current situation and perspectives of pig farming

Pig farming is an important livestock branch in the total agricultural production and economy of the Republic of Srpska. Earlier, traditional pig production was based on an open housing system, the use of natural resources of pastures and forests with small amounts of corn and other cereals. The development of society, the migration of people to urban areas, the abandonment of villages and agricultural production, have led to the need to apply new technologies in agricultural production and the abandonment of traditional production. Domestic production of pigs and pork meat is insufficient in order to meet the demands, whether it is the needs of the population or the needs of the meat industry. This is, above all, the result of historical events in the last thirty years, which have marked social and economic changes, such as the transition of ownership, migration of the population, the slow resolution of structural issues in the overall economic development. Agricultural production is part of these problems, it is difficult to exclude it from the overall, complex relationships that are still significantly expressed. Livestock production of one country is a mirror reflection of the total agricultural production. There is no developed agrarian country without developed livestock breeding. Livestock production multiplies the value of plant production, especially crops used for animal nutrition. In the world, especially in developed European countries, productivity in animal husbandry is at a very high level. Under our production conditions, having a series of unresolved issues and difficulties left to the responsibility of the producers, it takes a lot of effort, knowledge and money to get closer to, and then monitor the production levels of European countries. Free market relations know only the competitiveness of the product, whether it is the quality or the price to be paid by the customer. Pig farmers in our country require different types of support, such as support for investments, breeding technologies, breed assortment of pigs, reproduction and selection, health care, feed preparation, etc. Professional support is also needed on other issues, such as enlarging production, relations with the meat industry and pig feed producers, raising the quality of pork carcasses and pork as a whole, removing barriers for export and stepping onto the international market. Consumers are an important value barometer of production. Today's European consumers are looking for a quality product, safe and controlled with the lowest possible cost. Domestic consumers are increasingly guided by the same principles. This means that the challenges facing pig and pork producers are extremely large and without a well-organized production, but also without a support system, domestic producers will not, for a long time, reach the technological level of production and productivity of pig farmers in developed countries. Therefore, pig production, which needs to become competitive, requires different types of support, primarily professional and financial.

Tenure-Based Housing Spatial Patterns and Residential Segregation in Guangzhou under the Background of Housing Market Reform

China’s urban housing distribution system has been transformed from a redistribution system to a market-oriented distribution system, which has profoundly affected the ways and opportunities for urban residents to obtain housing resources and has triggered a large-scale reconstruction of urban residential social space. Based on the national 5th and 6th census data of Guangzhou, this paper analyzes the spatial patterns of housing tenure and tenure-based residential segregation in 2000 and 2010 with the research aim of analyzing the internal logic of urban housing distribution and residential segregation in urban China using Guangzhou as an example. The study finds that the home ownership rate in Guangzhou dropped from 62.31% in 2000 to 49.72% in 2010, with the percentage of social housing particularly low. The index of evenness and concentration is used to analyze tenure-based residential segregation. The results show that the tenure-based residential segregation index in 2000 and 2010 is between 0.4 and 0.6, which implies that residential segregation is basically moderate and that social housing is more segregated than open market housing. On the whole, market mechanisms have gradually played a fundamental role in tenure-based residential restructuring and segregation since 2000, and governmental and institutional factors also significantly influence such elements.