Open House System Research Articles

Detection of multidrug-resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from oropharyngeal swab in broiler chickens

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen that causes infection in the respiratory system of animals and humans. Livestock and poultry therapy for bacterial infections, such as K. pneumoniae, further increases the risk of microbial resistance to antibiotics and impacts human health globally. This study aimed to detect multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in the oropharyngeal swab of broiler chickens. The Samples were collected from 100 broilers in closed-house and open-house system cages (50 samples of each). Identification conducted by fenotipic and genotypic characterization. Isolates characterized are followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing using Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Tetracycline. The study successfully identified 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Two isolates (4%) were isolated from closed-house system cages, and 3 isolates (6%) were isolated from open-house system cages. Two isolates from closed-house system cages have shown resistance to tested antibiotics except Chloramphenicol, while the 3 isolates from open-house farms still showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin (66%) and Chloramphenicol (33%). According to the results, it can be concluded that multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae can be isolated from closed-house and open-housed system cages with different prevalence rates.

Optimizing the Performance of the Small Intestine of Joper Chickens and KUB Chickens Using Herbal Medicine

This research aims to see the small intestine performance of KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) and Joper (Jowo Super) chickens given herbal medicine. Amount of 200 chickens consisting of Joper and KUB chickens, rearing was carried out using open-house system cage. The feed used is commercial feed. The herbal medicine was produced by the UMM experimental farm, given through feed as much as 1 % of the total feed. The treatment in this study was the provision of herbal medicine in the feed and no herbal medicine in the feed (control). The variables observed were the length and relative weight of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Joper chickens given herbs and those without herbs gave relatively similar and normal small intestine weights. Meanwhile, in KUB chickens, chickens given herbal medicine had higher jejunum and ileum lengths compared to controls with values of 1.47 % and 1.17 % respectively. This research concludes that herbal medicine can increase the length and weight of the small intestine of KUB chickens but has no effect on Joper chickens.

The Impacts of Body Condition, Microclimate, Wind Speed, and Air Pollutant on Physiological Response of Laying Hen Reared under Tropical Climate

The environmental changes in the animal’s body status could manifest as a physiological response. The present study investigated the impact of body condition, microclimate, wind speed, and air pollutants on the physiological response of laying hens. Therefore, a total of 172 laying hens at 16 weeks of age from Isa Brown were investigated for 5 days. Data on body condition, microclimate, wind speed, and physiological response were recorded and then analyzed using the SEM model by Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling using smartPLS. The obtained result revealed that 59.71% of the physiological response of the chickens (respiratory rate and rectal temperature) reared at the open house system could be predicted by the independent. The microclimate (y = 0.465) was found to be more effective than body condition (y = 0.237), wind speed (y = -0.364), and air pollutant (y = 0.08). Moreover, it was found that as much as 83.1% of the air pollutants in the open house system could be predicted by the independent variables, and wind speed (y = -0.890) was more effective than microclimate (y = 0.074) variables.

Measurement of Efficiency Levels in Open House System Broiler Breeders in Malang Regency, Indonesia

Broiler farming in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, has experienced rapid growth, significantly contributing to the regional economy. In this region, the open cage system is among the broiler cage systems that are commonly used. Therefore, this study aims to analyze 1) factors affecting growth, 2) factors causing technical inefficiency, and 3) technical, allocative, and economic efficiency. The results showed that factors such as day-old chicks (DOC), feed, and drugs positively affected broilers' development. However, there was a variation in the level of technical efficiency of 0.047 due to inefficient sources, which included the age of breeders, education level, work experience, number of family members, and employment status. Despite the variation in efficiency levels, the average breeder demonstrated high technical, allocative, and economic efficiency with values of 0.93, 0.99, and 0.92, respectively. This performance indicated that the average breeders had yet to reach peak efficiency but were categorized as high-efficiency. To further enhance productivity, broiler farming required additional DOC feed and adequate training for broiler breeders to maximize productivity and resource utilization. Based on these results, recommendations were made to provide loans to broiler farms with simple terms and conditions, specifically for purchasing DOC, feed, labor, medicines, and fuel.

COMPARISON OF COSTS AND INCOME OF OPEN HOUSE WITH CLOSE HOUSE IN SETUTA VILLAGE, JANAPRIA DISTRICT, LOMBOK CENTRAL DISTRICT

This study aims to 1) determine the difference in costs incurred by broiler farmers with open house and close house systems, 2) To determine the difference in income of broiler farmers with open house and close house systems. The method used in this research is descriptive method with data collection using questionnaires and interviews. This research was carried out in Setuta Village, Janapria District, Central Lombok Regency with the consideration that of the 12 villages in Janapria District that conduct broiler chicken farming, Setuta Village mostly conducts livestock business with close house and open house systems. The results showed that the average total cost incurred by farmers using the open house system was Rp. 40,574/head or Rp. 85,203,809/period with an average number of chickens of 2,100. As for the close house system breeders, the costs incurred are IDR 40,803/head or IDR 244,815,170/period with an average number of 6,000 chickens. The average income received by farmers with open house systems is Rp. 3,861/head or Rp. 8,108,646 /period with an average number of chickens of 2,100, while farmers with close house systems are Rp. 6,000/head or Rp. 41,844,051/period. with an average of 6000 chickens.

Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Supplementation on Performance, Digestibility, and Blood Biochemistry of Californian Male Rabbits Under Hot Climatic Conditions.

This study aims to investigate the effects of nanoparticles of zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) supplementation on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, mineral retention, and blood biochemistry of Californian male rabbits under hot climatic conditions. A total of 100 Californian male rabbits 90days of age (BW: 1790 ± 13g) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment diets: Nano-ZnO at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100mg/kg, respectively, for 90days. The rabbits were raised in an open house system (average ambient temperature of 39°C, relative humidity of 30-35%, and temperature-humidity index of 33.6-34.0). Each treatment had 20 rabbits, and each rabbit was considered as a replicate. During the entire study period, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in BW, BW gain, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. Nano-ZnO supplementation at 25, 50, 75, and 100mg/kg enhanced the digestibility coefficient of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) considerably (quadratically, P < 0.05) when compared to the control group. In addition, when Nano-ZnO was supplemented at 25, 50, 75, and 100mg/kg, serum levels of creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were considerably lower than the non-supplemented control group. Furthermore, when comparing the control and Nano-ZnO-fed rabbits, serum testosterone concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated groups. In addition, compared to the other groups, the 50mg/kg Nano-ZnO group had the highest cecal Lactobacilli spp. count. These findings suggest that supplementing Californian male rabbits with 50mg/kg dietary Nano-ZnO enhanced CP and EE digestibility, cecal Lactobacilli spp., as well as serum testosterone levels, and decreased serum ALT and AST levels under hot climatic conditions.

Research Note: Longitudinal fecal shedding patterns and characterization of Salmonella enterica and mcr-positive Escherichia coli in meat-type ducks raised in an open-house system

This longitudinal study aimed to determine the fecal shedding pattern and characterize Salmonella enterica and mcr-positive Escherichia coli from meat-type ducks raised in an open-house system in Thailand. Fecal samples (n = 1,475) were collected from ducks over a 6-month period. Overall, the detection rate of S. enterica was 5.4% and the highest fecal shedding rate was noted in 4-day-old ducklings (28.8%). Then, S. enterica shedding decreased to 10, 8, 4.7, and 0.7% when ducks reached the ages of 10 d, 17 d, 3 wk, and 4 wk, respectively. Seventy-nine isolates were recovered and Salmonella Amsterdam was the predominant serovar (79.7%). With respect to colistin-resistant E. coli, mcr-positive E. coli (colistin MICs = 8–16 μg/mL) was noted in ducks at the ages of 16 wk (6.0%) and 24 wk (18.7%). mcr-1 was the most common (75.7%), followed by mcr-3 (13.5%), and mcr-1 and mcr-3 co-carriage (10.8%). Most S. enterica isolates were susceptible to antibiotics and multidrug resistant (MDR) was found in only a single isolate. However, as many as 89.2% of mcr-positive E. coli were defined as MDR. Almost all S. enterica isolates (97.5–100%) carried several virulence genes involving in invasion, intracellular survival, and iron metabolism. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis revealed that several mcr-positive E. coli isolates were clonally unrelated. Conjugative transfer of mcr-1, mcr-3 as well as co-transfer of mcr-1 and mcr-3 was observed with the frequencies ranging from 10−8 to 10−3. All mcr-1 resided on IncI2, while mcr-3 was associated with IncF and IncX4 plasmids. Our study provides the evidence of fecal shedding pattern of S. enterica and mcr-positive E. coli from meat-type ducks, highlighting the importance of duck farming in the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria that are potentially hazardous to human.

Comparison of Broiler Performance in Closed House and Open House Systems in Trenggalek

Background: According to the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, broiler meat production in 2020 decreased by 6.3% from the previous year. Several factors can influence chicken productivity, one of which is cage management. The cage has a vital role in success because the comfort of the cage will result in maximum chicken productivity. Aim: To compare the productivity of broiler chickens reared using Closed House and Open House cage systems in the same partnership based on the value of Feed Conversion Ratio, Mortality, and Index Performance. Methods: Data collection was carried out using the literature and observative methods, namely direct observation on two farms using a Closed House and an Open House cage system in Trenggalek Regency in April 2021. Results: A FCR value of Closed House system cages has an FCR value of 1.416, whereas the Open House system was 1.605. The mortality of broiler chickens reared in the Open House system was 842, and in the closed house system was 572. The index performance of broiler chickens raised in the Closed House system was 366.5, whereas in an Open House system, the index performance was 319.4. Conclusion: The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Mortality, and Index Performance Index (IP) value of broiler chickens reared in the Closed House system cage was higher than those in the Open House system cage.

Analysis of technical efficiency and determining factors of the broiler business in North Sulawesi

&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Objective: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The broiler business with the partnership model has become a choice of society in improving their living. In certain circumstances, however, broiler farmers receive income far beyond their expectations due to declining production, because of some impacts of inefficient input utilization and worse management. The research, then, aims to estimate the technical efficiency of broiler farming business with an open house system and a partnership business pattern, as well as to analyze the determining factors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Methods: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The purposive sampling was employed to identify 80 farmers. In detail, the parameter of production function of the Stochastic Frontier was estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimations (MLE) method and Frontier 4.1 program. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Results: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The estimated value in the statistic model (γ=0.8634) depicts that the hypothetical result of the production function model was assumedly better, so the production function of Cobb-Douglas was able to explain the existing data related to a phenomenon of the technical inefficiency in broiler business. The calculation result of the value of restriction parameter of LR test was 89.99, was greater than the critical value of the Kodde and Palm Table (=19.384), by the significance level at p&amp;lt;0.01. This means the existing inefficiency effects in the stochastic model. Further, the value of sigma square with the parameter value of 0.0133 was statistically significant by the trust level of 99%, describing that the production variation contributed by technical inefficiency was 1.33%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id="docs-internal-guid-12dbd05b-7fff-2cc3-9972-60615cabae2d"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In conclusion, the value of technical efficiency obtained by broiler farmers under the partnership model in the open-house system was 0.95. Then, the determining variables of the broiler production were feeds, vitamins, medicine, working hours, and the total of electricity. Determinant variables that could reduce technical inefficiency were age, farming experience, and ownership status of lands/cages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

The Income Comparison of Broiler Farming that Used Closed House System and Open House System

One of the important elements in a broiler farming business was the cage. The types of broiler chicken cages based on the type of the wall can be divided into closed house cages and open house cages. This research was conducted on farmers who partnered with UD Bagus Ternak with the aim of knowing the comparison of costs, FCR, production, and income of broiler farming that used a closed house system and an open house system. The selection of location was done intentionally and the respondents were selected by census, which was five farmers that used the closed house system and 22 farmers use the open house system. The results showed that the costs and income of broiler farming that used a closed house system were Rp. 224,615,108/500m2 and Rp. 17,301,892/500m2, while the costs and income of broiler farming that used an open house system were Rp. 126,478,036/500m2 and Rp.5,146,964/500m2. The results of the Mann-Whitney test on the average cost and income of the two broiler farm cage systems, statistically were significantly different. The FCR of broiler farming that used the closed house system (1.62) was less than the open house system (1.73) and statistically, significantly different. The results of broiler farm production that used the closed house system (1.86kg/head) were greater than the open house system (1.82kg/head) and statistically there was no difference.

Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens.

Background and Aim:Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial.Results:No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments.Conclusion:Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

Determining Factors of the Broiler Farmer’s Profitability under the Partnership Program in Tomohon, North Sulawesi-Indonesia

The partnership program conducted by broiler farmers using a limited capital is continuously developing due to the beneficial profitability. However, in a certain period, broiler farmers do not gain an expected profit (sometimes suffering loss) as various input and output factors, mortality and land ownership occur. The research, then, aims to comprehend the profitability of the broiler business and analyze determining factors of broiler farmer’s profitability, utilizing the open-house cage system under the partnership program. Technically, the sampling method of the respondent was purposively determined, and the data collecting technique was through interview, observation, and recording on 30 farmers existing in Tomohon, North Sulawesi. In detail, all collected data were economically and descriptively analyzed, and the multiple-regression analysis employed Eviews 11 program. As a result, the finding of this research shows that the value of R/C was 1.12, and variables having positive and significant meaning to profit were demonstrated by a total of feeds, and the dummy of the proprietorship; while, the variable of mortality had negative and significant meaning on the profit of broiler farmer. Further, the profitability gained by broiler farmers in the Province of North Sulawesi can be improved by increasing the total of feeds, decreasing mortality, and having broiler businesses in their private land/cages independently.

Comparation of Production and Financial Analysis of Broiler Farm with Close House and Open House Farm System in Partnership Patterns

This research aimed to determine the comparation of production and financial analysis of broiler farm with close house and open house farm system in partnership patterns. This research was conducted on August 2019 in Surakarta. The variable measured were feed intake, average of final body wieght, average slaughter age, depletion, Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR), Performance Index (PI), Average daily gain (ADG), R/C Ratio and income. Data were analysed descriptively. The result shows the difference between broiler farm with close house and open house farm system in partnership patterns. The result showed that feed intake, PI, ADG, R/C Ratio of broiler farm with open house system were higher than that of close house system. Farmer income per production with open house system is higher (Rp. 4,334) than that of close house system (Rp. 4,001). In conclusion, broiler farm with open house system in partnership patterns is more beneficial than close house system. Key words : broiler, closed house, income, open house.

Comparative production performance of broiler under opened house and closed house system

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of broiler production in a closed and open house system. The study was conducted on September 13-October 25, 2019, at Sumardi's broiler farm located in Kademangan Village, Pagelaran District, and Malang Regency. The material used is 120 broilers in a closed house and 120 broilers in an open house. CP-707 strain broiler chickens were given complete feed produced by PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia. Feed and drinking water are given ad libitum. Research variables are feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat weight. Research data were tabulated and analyzed using unpaired t-test. Based on the results of statistical analysis, there is a difference between the performance of broiler production in a closed house and open house system (P&lt;0.05). Closed house system gives a better effect on the performance of broiler production.

BROILER POULTRY FARMING OPEN HOUSE SYSTEM PATTERNS STOCHASTIC FRONTIER OF ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IN LAMONGAN REGENCY EAST JAVA

19Jan 2020 BROILER POULTRY FARMING OPEN HOUSE SYSTEM PATTERNS STOCHASTIC FRONTIER OF ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF IN LAMONGAN REGENCY EAST JAVA Niswatin Hasanah , Zaenal Fanani , Suyadi and Bambang Ali Nugroho Animal Husbandry Departmentof Polythecnic State Jember. Postgraduate Animal Husbandry of Brawijaya University.

Characteristics of business and income in broiler partnership system in Yogyakarta Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the business, measure the income, and analyze the factors that influence the farmers’ income. The research was conducted in Sleman and Bantul Regencies, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Census sampling was performed with 150 farmers. The analysis was carried out in quantitative descriptive and continued with Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of business characteristic showed that the average scale of business ranged from 3604 to 6340 birds, 35 days maintenance time, business experience was 7-10 years, 97% of farmers used the open house system, livestock mortality rate was 4-7%, average selling weight 1.91-1.96 kg/bird, and feed converson 1.43-2.40. The farmer’s income in Sleman was greater than Bantul because the scale of business, selling weight was higher and the mortality rate was smaller than Bantul. Multiple regression analysis showed the determination coefficient (R2) of 44.55%. The scale of business as well as the capital and sanitation have a significant and negative effect on income (P <0.01). As a whole, to increase farmers’ income, there needs to be an effort to assist businesses from the core, agencies and educational institutions to improve livestock management.

ANALISIS FUNGSI BIAYA STOCHASTIC FRONTIER USAHA PETERNAKAN AYAM PEDAGING PADA PETERNAK YANG MENGGUNAKAN OPEN HOUSE SYSTEM

This study aims to analyze factors that influence the cost function of broiler farms using open house system. The results indicates that all factors included in the model, simultaneously, affect the production costs. Partially, input such as dayold chick (DOC) costs, feed costs, electricity costs, production positively affect the system. Labor costs on the other hand, have a negative effect on the system. The cost of drugs and fuel has no effect on broiler production costs using the open house system.

Effect of Artificial Piglet Suckling Sounds on Behavior and Performance of Piglets and Adrenal Responses of Sows.

Operation of the farrowing house is essential to the productivity of a swine farm, requiring not only good management but also knowledge of the behavior of sows and piglets. Stress can negatively affect production in farm animals and could be a factor in production indexes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of artificial sucking sounds on the behavior of piglets and fecal glucocorticoid (FGM) concentrations of sows. A total of 30 sows were divided into two groups: a treatment group (15 sows) was exposed to artificial sucking sounds and a control group (15 sows) was not. Both groups received the same management; the two open-house system locations were separated by a distance of about 270 meters. The study had three key objectives: to compare farrowing indexes and to observe the sucking behavior of piglets using CCTV cameras. Fecal samples were collected daily for 21 days from the period after parturition to weaning to assess adrenal activity. The treatment group had a significantly higher average number of times piglets came to a sow's udder, and sows had a shorter onset time for the first piglet to come to the sow's udder than the control group (both P<0.05). The patterns and levels of FGM between the two groups were not different (both P<0.05), but the treatment group had better farrowing indexes than the control group (P>0.05), particularly for litter weight gain and percent preweaning mortality. In addition, the weaning to first service interval of the treatment group was shorter than the control group (P<0.05). This indicates that the artificial suckling sound probably has no adverse effect on adrenal responses of pig; however, it improves production indexes of postparturition sows.

Income Analysis of Closed House Broiler Farm with Partnership Business Model

This research aims to determine the performance and income of a closed-house broiler farm with partnership business model. The research was conducted in a closed broiler house owned by Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, and in a partnership with Cemerlang Unggas Lestari Ltd. A total of 11,000 broilers were raised for each raising period in the closed broiler house. A case study method was used for this research. The data were collected using survey method; the primary data were collected directly through interviews with the farm operators and field observation. Secondary data were collected through data recording which includes production cost and obtained revenue in each raising period. The collected data were then analyzed through quantitative-descriptive study. A total 7 raising periods of production cost, revenue, and income in a year were analyzed. The results of this study showed that the average performances of closed-house broiler farm yield 0.37% depletion, 1.49 FCR, and 398.46 PI. The economic indicators showed that the average production cost was Rp292,668,800.00; which generated Rp327,300,779.00 revenue, Rp34,631,978.00 income, Rp183.055.535.00 NPV, and 1.24 BCR. The study concluded that the closed-house broiler farm generates higher income compared with the open house system.

Factors Influencing The Revenue Of Broiler Open House System Partnership Corporate X In Indonesia

The objective of research is to understand factors influencing the revenue of broiler farming. Re-search starts from June to July 2015. Method of research is case study. Data collection technique in-cludes observation and interview. The interview is conducted with 30 broiler farmers selected through total sampling and also corporation X In Kediri Indonesia. Data analysis tool involves descriptive analysis, economic analysis and regression analysis with SPSS16. Result of research indicates that various strata can be arranged based on chicken ownership (breeding capacity), respectively 3,000-12,000 chickens for Strata I, 12,000-27,000 chickens for Strata II, and &gt; 30,000 chickens for Strata III. Production cost, revenue and profit in Strata III are greater than those in Strata I and II. Factors influencing the revenue of breeder on period 1 -6 include feed cost, broiler sale and bonus. Based on financial analysis against broiler breeding, the breeding is profitable and also reliable pursuant to what has been shown by financial result.