Open Handset Alliance Research Articles

An Empirical Study on Architecture and Efficiency of Dalvik VM and Android Runtime (ART)

Abstract: Many mobile platforms have developed as a result of the development of mobile technology. Rapid technological advancement has led to the widespread adoption of mobile devices with excellent graphics. Since its inception, the Open Handset Alliance project known as Android has undergone numerous revisions. Being centred on efficiency and pace, it's development. Android OS is driven by the Dalvik microkernel. The Android OS is sluggish due to the runtime as it is a virtual system. Android's multitasking capability leads to its latency. Earlier, there have been efforts to speed up Dalvik, but they were inefficacious. Increasing Android's speed and optimization was severely hampered by this. The Android Runtime (ART), which takes the role of the Dalvik Virtual Machine, made its debut when Android 4.4 was released by Google. A fast gadget was made possible by ART, which skillfully blends portability and performance, which eventually enhanced graphics optimization. A pre-compiled program was maintained for the Android applications by ART, which was not feasible with Dalvik Virtual machine. A speed of double has been observed on the Android Operating system, in several experiments. This paper discloses the architecture of android virtual machines (Dalvik and ART), memory optimization and efficiency of both in various devices. Also lists out the for and against of the latter one over the former and the basic functions of the runtimes

Map My Fitness App

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social will and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1946). According to this World Health Organization definition, health means general well-being. The increasing prevalence of health problems resulting from modern lifestyles and limited medical resources has led several stakeholders to seek alternative medical methods. Physical activity has many positive health effects, but people often lack the intrinsic motivation to do so. The project is developed in Android Studios. Android has its own virtual machine "Dalvik Virtual Machine" which allows this Android application to run on any device, making it an open source application We used XML (Extensible Markup Language) for the user interface and Java programming for the logic. Android, an operating system developed for small devices such as mobile phones, has rapidly gained market share in dozens of smartphones and is now also used in devices such as tablets and TVs. This is a mobile operating system that uses a modified version of the Linux kernel. Android is developed by Google as part of the Open Handset Alliance. The Open Handset Alliance is a collective of over 30 mobile and technology companies committed to opening up the mobile phone atmosphere. Direct Manipulation relies mostly on his UI on Android, with touch gestures that loosely resemble real actions such as taps, swipes, and pinches for manipulating objects on the screen, and virtual touch gestures for text input use the keyboard. Overall, touchscreen devices, later Android TV for televisions and Android Auto for cars were developed by Google.

Android App Development: A Review

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries but does not support programs developed in native code. The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free software and open-source license.

Do Corporate Contributions Spur Innovative Activity in Online Crowdsourced Goods?

A significant part of the digital economy is built upon “digital public goods”. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the factors that affect corporate provision of digital public goods, the converse question of how corporate participation affects innovation in digital public goods is less understood. In this paper, we test how increased corporate participation affects source code contribution and follow-on innovation in a large open source project. We test whether corporate contributions increase non-corporate contributions or whether they “crowd out” non-corporate contributions. In order to test our hypotheses, we create a unique dataset consisting of every committed change and commit record for the Linux kernel between its origin of 1991 and through the end of 2018. Exploiting a shock created by the generation of the Open Handset Alliance, we find that while corporate contributions attract more contributions (both from other corporations and non-corporate entities), they also lead to less follow-on innovation. Using a shock that increased corporate commercialization incentives, we find that increased corporate contributions have a “crowding out” effect on individual contributions, specifically to corporate authored general- purpose code. Our results suggest that increased corporate participation may limit innovations in online digital contexts.

A REVIEW ON DIFFERENT HANDHELD DEVICES OPERATING SYSTEMS

Mobile Application development and use have exploded. The new releases of Google’s Android running system. The improvement of the applications is simpler than beforehand mobile utility developments. Because it is open-source and it is freely working machine primarily found on Linux, it is on the whole used for cell terminals, such as phones. The development of android is done through Open Handset Alliance collection of larger than 35science agencies and also smartphone mobile companies. Android trying to increase the user's journey by providing the first-rate of quality, and facilitate the developers to get a greater open stage for more convenient software program development. Thus cellular purposes with many features are to be developed by using Android programming. The paper firstly offers the different varieties of mobile or tabs operating systems and the distinct features of the developments in mobile operating systems. In addition, it also provides better aspects of upcoming mobile operating systems.

Mobile Application Development with Android

The Android is mobile platform. It is an open source and free operating system application, by Google it is developed and maintained. It was designed essentially for touch screen mobile devices, such as and tablet, computers, smart phones, watch television, cars etc. Android is one of the most widely used mobile OS. Android is a not only operating system but also key applications and middleware. Android is an open source operating system. It is developed by the open handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Those are used to android studio 2.2.3 version and development the mobile application.

The impact of a conglomerate merger on its vendors and rivals – a case study of Google's acquisition of Motorola

ABSTRACTThis study explores the valuation effects of the conglomerate merger on an acquiring firm and its stakeholders. We examine Google's acquisition of Motorola and the impact that it had on Google's vendors and rivals. The empirical results suggest that the announcement of this deal led to positive market reaction among Android's vendors, primarily due to Google's ability to use Motorola's extensive patent portfolio to help protect Android's vendors from a potential patent infringement war in the future. Our results also find that when the Open Handset Alliance members obtain help from Motorola's patents or get new technology, an increase in shareholder wealth among Android's vendors and a decrease in shareholder wealth among Android's rivals are likely to occur.

Mobile Operating Systems – Android: Version Alpha to 5.X: Lollipop

The android operating system is basically an operating system for mobiles and is rapidly gaining market share, with dozens of smart phones and tablets either released or set to be released. It is mobile operating system that uses a modified version of the Linux kernel 2.6. Google developed Android as part of the Open Handset Alliance, a group of more than 30 mobile and technology companies working to open up the mobile handset environment. Android’s development kit supports many of the standard packages used by Jetty, due to that fact and Jetty’s modularity and lightweight foot print, it was possible to port Jetty to it so that it will be able to run on the Android platform.

Overview of Android for User Applications

This paper presents the requirements to develop the applications on the Android Operating System. Mobiles are the hot cakes in now-a-days market. Features of mobile depend on software. As mobiles are the low-powered devices that uses battery to run and it is a rechargeable one, so the operating system for mobiles has played a crucial role. Necessity for developing applications that could run on mobiles increases at current days. In order to fulfill that features Google introduced Android. Dalvik Virtual Machine facilitates run time environment. Android components are necessary to develop the applications. Android operating system first developed by Google later Open Handset Alliance. Android Operating system provides flexible environment for writing applications in java language. This operating system is free, robust and user friendly.

Designing Knowledge Base Mobile Application Compatibility Test System for Android Fragmentation

Android is an open operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) that is Google-led. Due to the nature of an open operating system, however, Android has the fragmentation problem that mobile application shows different behavior patterns in heterogeneous devices. To resolve this issue, a developer needs much cost in terms of time and efforts to devise application tests in mobile environment. In this paper, we propose two methods that handle android fragmentation problem. Moreover, utilizing the methods, we produce mobile application compatibility test system. We also perform case studies in order to evaluate the methods’ effectiveness concerning fragmentation problem by developing application. The proposed system analyses the fragmentation that is found in code level as well as in API level. The experimental results demonstrate enhancement in mobile application test process regarding time and cost.

안드로이드 기반 모바일 통합로그인 애플리케이션

Android that was made by Google and Open Handset Alliance is the open source software toolkit for mobile phone. In a few years, Android will be used by millions of Android mobile phones and other mobile devices, and become the main platform for application developers. In this paper, the integrated login application based on Google`s Android platform is developed. The main features of the mobile combination login application content based on Android are as follows. First, the application has more convenient login functionality than the functionality of general web browser as the web browser of the mobile-based applications(web browser style applications) as well as security features and faster screen(view) capability by reducing the amount of data transfer. Second, the application is so useful for management of ID and Password, and it can easily manage multiple ID information such as message, mail, profile. The results of performance evaluation of the developed application show the functionality that can login many kinds of portal sites simultaneously as well as the ability that can maintain login continuously. Currently, we are trying to develope a couple of the technologies that can insert multiple accounts into one ID and check all information on one screen.

POSIX.1 conformance For Android Applications

Android operating system is designed for use in mobile computing by The Open Handset Alliance. Android market has hundreds of thousands of Android applications and these applications are restricted only to the mobiles. This restriction is mainly because of portability and compatibility issues of Android operating system. So need of employing these countless Android applications on any POISX Desktop operating system without disturbing the internal structure of application is very desirable. Thus we need to resolve these standardization and portability concerns by using POSIX standards (Portable Operating System Interface). The concepts of POSIX conformance for Android applications provide full-scale portability services and Android applications reusability for any POSIX desktop operating system. So Android applications will become usable for all POISX desktop users. This research theme introduces POSIX.1 Android thin layer model that simply provides the POSIX conformance for Android applications. It is using the POSIX.1 APIs for Android applications, which maintains the compatibility between the POISX Desktop operating systems and Android applications. We have analyzed our research work by implementation of the different applications in standard POSIX environment and, have verified its results. The results of POSIX.1 model clearly showed that it will boost up the Android applications market revenue up to 100% plus add real-time standardization and reusability.

안드로이드 기반 모바일 스마트 알람

Android that was made by Google and Open Handset Alliance is the open source software toolkit for mobile phone. Nowadays, Smart phone users have been rapidly increasing, by that reason a lot of application contents have been released and especially contents which focus on user convenience have been developed. In this paper, we develop a new application content smart alarm based on Google Android flatform. The features of the developed content are as follows. First, users set their day`s schedules. So they can notify easily what they have to do at the moment. Second, when users set their alarms not to forget several sequential tasks, they can set their schedules by not only alarm method but also timer method. In the performance evaluation, we show the results of simulation using AVD(Android Virture Device).

Android insecurity

The smartphone and tablet operating system Android is four years old, but its developers seem to have learned little about security in that time. Although loosely based on the Linux kernel, the OS has a number of features that make it intrinsically insecure. There has been a continuous flow of reports of trojanised malware found not just in rogue online app stores but also in Google's official Android Market. Some analysts compare the situation to the bad old days of Windows and believe that installation of security software is now essential. And still more analysts believe that the most crucial step of all is user education, discovers Steve Gold. As an operating system, Android is still relatively young. Originally developed by the Open Handset Alliance, an open source initiative piloted by Google, the company, Android Inc, was acquired by Google back in 2005.1 After a couple of years gestation, the Android 1.0 OS was formally unveiled in November 2007.

The strategic trade-offs for beneficial open innovation: the case of “open source” consortia in mobile os development

The trivialization of smartphones has given rise to an architectural reconfiguration of the mobile operating system innovation process. We have also seen the recent emergence of three “open source” consortia: the Symbian and LiMo Foundations, and the Open Handset Alliance. In this exploratory paper, we analyse the coherence of these consortia using an open source framework to perform the necessary reconfiguration at both the technological and organizational level. In order to evaluate the coherence of this strategy, we analyse the ability of these consortia to produce standards. Bearing in mind the exploratory nature of this research, this allows us to demonstrate that, although these consortia exhibit original forms of “open innovation”, they find it difficult to produce consortia standards by means of vertical coordination. Equally, we consider various scenarios dealing with the construction of standards, examining in particular horizontal collaboration between these consortia.JEL Codes: L15, L17, L86, L96, O33, O34