Open Government Research Articles

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИХ ПРИНЯТИЕ ОТКРЫТЫХ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ: ПРИМЕР ИНДОНЕЗИИ

In response to the growing interest in open government data (OGD) worldwide, there is a pressing need for research that explores the determinants of OGD adoption. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the factors that influence the adoption of OGD among government agencies, especially in the Indonesian context. Drawing on previous research on innovation adoption, the study develops a comprehensive research model that integrates the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and four key factors: perceived benefits, perceived risks, organizational readiness, and external pressures. To empirically examine the research model, survey data from 320 government officials were collected and analyzed through regression and path analysis. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between perceived benefits and external pressures toward the adoption of OGD by government agencies. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and agencies seeking to enhance OGD implementation, emphasizing the pivotal role of tangible benefits and external stimuli in driving the adoption of initiatives.

Modeling Approach Matters, But Not as Much as Preprocessing

Revenue forecasting accuracy is critical to governmental operations. This paper addresses the question: What is the best technique for forecasting sales tax revenue? Prior studies in this area have focused on the differences between machine learning techniques and traditional approaches and neglected to consider how differences in pre-processing steps for the data before the forecasting model is applied are important. Here, we show that machine learning techniques do not always provide increased forecasting accuracy. Instead, the modeling choices matter, but less than the prior literature and practice suggested. Rather, pre-processing makes the most significant difference in forecasting accuracy, and forecasters need to understand the unique characteristics of time series data to improve forecasting performance. The immediate implications of these findings are that the focus of practitioners of in sales tax revenue forecasting should shift from prioritizing model choice towards data pre-processing.

Harnessing Disruptive Technologies: Influence on Social Awareness of Government Initiatives

Abstract— In an age of rapid technological breakthroughs and shifting governance paradigms, the accessibility and success of government operations rely primarily on communication strategies that bridge the gap between administrative institutions and the populations they serve. Young India has higher expectations, and the government must respond by modernizing public service delivery, especially in health, education, government records, and other social benefits. Understanding the dynamics of how individuals desire to access these initiatives, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage participation, has become critical as governments throughout the world continue to implement new laws, programmes, and services to address a wide range of societal needs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the preferred mode of getting information about government initiatives. It also aims to explore the reasons that encourage and discourage the use of disruptive technology in the context of raising public awareness about government initiatives. Based on the conceptual framework, objectives and hypotheses were generated In order to ensure surveys for this research study. The creation of a structured questionnaire was directed by the study objectives. Inquiries concerning demographics, awareness of government initiatives, and preferred modes of getting information about government initiatives and reasons that encourage and discourage individuals through digital platforms are also included. The data was collected using simple random sampling method. Out of 107 questionnaire received, after data cleaning, 99 questionnaires were found suitable for data analysis. The study included a representative sample of people aged 21 and older from a range of demographic categories. Using SPSS Version 20, the data was examined with the objectives and hypothesis in consideration. Mean, standard deviation, and t-tests were employed to perform statistical and inferential analyses. Levene's independent t-test was performed for the reasons encouraging individuals to learn about various government initiatives through digital platforms. Further, Levene's independent t-test was performed on the reasons that discourage individuals from using digital platforms. The result revealed the reasons that encourage and discourage individuals from using digital platforms. Similar studies to detect futuristic disruptive technological improvements in the sphere of government initiatives may be conducted as the technology scenario unfolds in the future. Keywords— Disruptive technology, government initiatives, social awareness, preferred modes of information.

Scope of Proactive Public Information Disclosure in Advancing Nepalese Local Governance

Proactive disclosure is a tool that organizations, especially government agencies and public institutions, use to voluntarily provide information to the public without the need for formal requests. It is taken as a fundamental right of the citizen and the heart of democracy, which ensures transparency, accountability, and open government by making information accessible to the public. Proactive disclosure is a very important provision of the Right to information (RTI) Act of 2007 that obligates the government to inform citizens regarding its daily activities, decisions, performance, and budget details proactively or on the request of citizens. Beneficiaries, governments' bodies, and experts and facilitators of RTI shall equally have the responsibility to seek, receive, and impart information that is protected by the government. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the scope of proactive disclosure of public information in advancing transparency and accountability of local governance and examine the practices of proactive disclosure of public information from the perspective of RTI Act implementation in Nepal. It has employed purposive sampling for data collection when primary data were collected in the form of information disseminated on the websites of four local bodies and secondary data from various books, journals, reports, etc. This is a really important since it has contributed to local governance being transparent and accountable towards citizens and public service delivery.

Early Childhood Education and Development in Nepal: Status, Trends and Challenges

Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) is considered as foundations of modern education system in Nepal. It's the preparedness of children for school in terms of their physical growth, mental capacities, and social adjustment. Over the last two decades, some notable achievements have been achieved beside low investment by the government in ECED sectors in Nepal. The average ECED gross enrollment rate have reached at 89.62 per cent and achieved attractive progress in gender (0.92) parity in ECED. However, community-based ECEDs in geographically remote area are running without basic requirements. An execution of Local Government Operation Act-2017 (LGRG) and School Education Sector Plan (2022-32) contributing to strengthen the ECED in Nepal. Inadequate investment, insufficient ECEDs, absence of skilled and permanent ECED facilitator, dissimilarities between ECEDs, lack of friendlier infrastructure, complexities to implement bilingual curriculum, inaccessible and unaffordable education system, existence of dual education system, and structural discriminations are still observed as unsolved issues. This paper tries to review the status, trends and challenges associated to Early Childhood Education Development in Nepal.

Effectiveness of the Implementation of Fiscal Federalism at the Local Level

This study was carried out in the initial stage of the implementation of federalism which has adopted fiscal federalism. The current public finance management system adheres to intergovernmental fiscal transfer. During the study, civil servant adjustment by the federal government was ongoing. This study examines effectiveness of the implementation of fiscal federalism at the local level. It further analyses local level’s own source revenue. Following the Constitution of Nepal (2015), Local Government Operations Act (2017) defined Metropolitan, Sub-Metropolitan, Municipality, and Rural Municipality as Local Levels as well as Local Governments. The qualitative method was adopted to accomplish the study for fulfilling the effectiveness of implementation of fiscal federalism. Available literature and data were analysed and interpreted with relevant themes. Besides, some quantitative data have been presented for analysing the own source revenue of the local levels. The study found it interesting that not only the federal, and province governments transfer the budget to the local government, but the local governments also collect and share the budget for province governments. It seems top down transfer and bottom up sharing. Besides some confusion, conflict, and mismanagement, the effectiveness of implementation of the fiscal federalism seems positive because local governments are the nearest and dearest for people. Moreover, the own source revenue collection practice and tendency show that it will increase in future.

Review of blockchain technology in government systems: Applications and impacts in the USA

This study examines blockchain applications in the USA's government systems, analyzing its effectiveness in public administration and governance. Blockchain technology, initially introduced as the underlying infrastructure for cryptocurrencies, has garnered substantial attention for its potential to transform various sectors, including government systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications and impacts of blockchain technology in the United States' governmental landscape. As governments worldwide seek innovative solutions to enhance transparency, efficiency, and security, blockchain emerges as a disruptive force with the capacity to reshape administrative processes. The study elucidates the fundamental principles of blockchain technology, emphasizing its decentralized and tamper-resistant nature. It also explores diverse applications within government systems, ranging from identity management and voting systems to supply chain traceability and public finance. The analysis delves into specific use cases, detailing how blockchain enhances data integrity, reduces fraud, and streamlines bureaucratic processes. Furthermore, the paper assesses the implications of blockchain adoption for government operations, highlighting potential benefits such as cost reduction, increased accountability, and enhanced citizen trust. Challenges and considerations, including scalability, interoperability, and regulatory frameworks, are scrutinized to provide a balanced understanding of the technology's limitations. The review extends to the United States' federal and state-level initiatives, examining pilot projects and ongoing implementations that leverage blockchain in areas such as land registries, healthcare data management, and procurement. Insights into the collaborative efforts between public and private sectors are explored, shedding light on the collaborative frameworks essential for successful blockchain integration. Ethical considerations and privacy concerns are addressed within the context of blockchain applications in government, emphasizing the need for robust safeguards to protect sensitive information while harnessing the transformative potential of the technology. This paper synthesizes the current state of blockchain technology in the United States' government systems, offering a nuanced understanding of its applications and impacts. As blockchain continues to mature and gain traction, this review contributes valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners, fostering a deeper appreciation for the transformative potential of blockchain in shaping the future of government operations.

The role of governmental leadership mobility in stimulating technological innovation diffusion: city mayor and secretary transfer networks in China

ABSTRACT While the study of government leadership mobility has made significant contributions, it has primarily focused on policy innovations, neglecting the pivotal role of technological advancements that have revolutionised government operations and productivity in recent decades. This study describes how leadership mobility functions as a conduit for fostering local technological innovation. Based on data on the mobility of mayors and party secretaries in 282 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2015, we find that the mobility of city officials between municipal governments can facilitate the diffusion of technological innovation. We also find that leadership mobility in a similar institutional background enhances the diffusion of technological innovation, whereas relocating leadership to cities with a more market-oriented orientation facilitates the diffusion of technological innovation. This article expands upon conventional research on innovation diffusion and offers a practical reference for the mobility of government personnel.

Application of a Microeconomic Approach for Explanation of Citizen Participation in Open Government

The digital economy and the sharing economy have changed the role citizens may acquire in society. Citizens can perform at least two roles from the open government perspective: on the one hand, they can be passive users/demanders of information and, on the other hand, they can provide or produce the information in an active manner. The objective of this paper is to offer a theoretical model to explain citizens’ incentives to participate in open government projects. Which is the opportunity cost of participation for the citizen? Which are the drivers of the preferences for the social good? This model is based on the utility function and consumption theory. We complement the theoretical framework with an exploratory–descriptive analysis based on a case study’s primary data about citizen participation. In democracy projects where citizens actively collaborate and could earn monetary gains or become entrepreneurs, the opportunity cost of participation is lower than in a passive type and the amount of the social good depends on the preferences. Preferences for social goods are related to community experiences and e-government and they also affect the decision to participate. Very few studies in the field of open government have pretended to explain citizens’ participation by using microeconomic foundations.

Governing green open space in indonesia: barriers and opportunities to enhancing enviromental quality

This article discusses the enhancing of governing green open space in Indonesia. It began by looking at the current condition of green open space in Indonesia, highlighting the barriers faced in governing these areas, looking at opportunities to enhancing, and making recommendations to improve green open space governance. Literature review on governance frameworks that can maximize the potential of green open spaces in Indonesia. The results of this study show that there are several constraints in governing green open spaces, including less awareness and understanding among stakeholders, limited funding and resources, inadequate urban planning, limited community involvement, limited law enforcement and monitoring, urbanization and land scarcity, and weak coordination among government agencies in their management bodies. Our findings point to opportunities in governing greenspace areas, by learning from successful projects, exploring global good practices; innovative financing and partnerships; integrating greenspace into urban planning for cohesive neighborhoods; engaging communities for long-term success and shared responsibility; raising awareness of the value of greenspace through educational campaigns; and utilizing technology for data-driven decision-making and community participation. These opportunities contribute to policy recommendations that can be used by the central government and local governments to improve green open space governance in Indonesia.

Modern Concepts of Public Administration in the Context of Sustainable Development

"The article examines the main problems of the XXI century, the overcoming of which led to achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015, replacing the Millennium Development Goals. The authors systematically consider the governance process in sustainable development, paying particular attention to the structural-functional and information-behavioral subsystems of governance. Also, special attention is paid to the development of information technology and civil society, as well as other changes in the late XX – early XXI century. These changes have influenced the concepts of public administration, which are fundamental to achieving the SDGs. The article aims to determine the methodological approaches necessary for the functioning of the public administration system in the context of sustainable development. The primary research method used was a bibliographic study, both descriptive and analytical. The analysis of scientific literature allowed the authors to conclude that the following modern concepts of public administration in the context of sustainable development can be implemented: “management of public values,” “digital citizenship,” “political networks,” “smart (receptive/reflective) governance,” results/goals-based management, FAST-concept, “Open Government,” and “Activating State.” The importance of involving people in addressing sustainable development issues related to significant social, economic, and environmental problems, policy-making, and public service delivery is hardly disputed today. As shown, modern concepts aim to enable citizens to participate in such processes. These include access to and availability of information and the development of communication technologies, including social media. In the XXI century of Knowledge Societies, the most creative solutions will be created through open interaction and reliance on shared resources. The extraordinary events (the pandemic and the war in Ukraine) have significantly slowed down the process of achieving Sustainable Development Goals and, in some cases, made it impossible to achieve any results for some goals. As a result, a new model of public administration in the context of sustainable development will be required. The prospects for further research include defining a new concept of public administration and its provision, which will consider the advantages of modern concepts and ensure their synergistic effect so that the sustainable development agenda is adopted by the state, business, and society."

Leveraging indigenous languages for efficient local government: an analysis in a South African context

South Africa is a diverse nation with a rich tapestry of indigenous languages spoken across its provinces. As the country continues its democratic journey, local government plays a pivotal role in ensuring service delivery, community engagement, and development. This article explores the potential of indigenous languages as a valuable resource for enhancing the efficiency of local government operations. Indigenous languages, often marginalised, hold a wealth of cultural, historical, and contextual knowledge that can be harnessed to improve governance, communication, and community engagement at the local level. This paper investigates the multifaceted benefits of incorporating indigenous languages into various aspects of local government activities. The paper also draws upon case studies on incorporating indigenous languages in municipalities for efficient communication.

Public Expectation on Strengthening Municipal Governance through Government Preparedness in the Public Service Delivery

With the introduction of the federal government system in Nepal, two local level elections were held which increased the public expectations of citizens although the power sharing and decentralization system at federal state and local level and local level is relatively difficult. The Ministry of Federal Affair and General Administration (MOFAGA) under the Local Government Operation Act has developed a Local Government Institutional Self-Assessment (LISA) model to assess municipal governance. This study examined the preparedness of Pokhara Metropolitan City for addressing the expectations of the people in public service delivery especially with the application of the LISA model and identified the measures of preparedness for the responsive and accountable municipal government. The sample size was 149 individuals selected from three wards (ward 8 in urban, ward 27 is in semi-urban and ward 24 in the rural/periphery area) of PMC where the sample was collected at the 5% level of significance and 8% margin of error. The findings of the study suggested that the assessment of the expectation is the first step and government preparedness should be according to the public service delivery mechanisms so as to strengthen municipal governance in the municipality. The LISA model in municipalities is the baseline for strengthening the municipal governance. The study has been a useful assessment for the capacity development and technical backstopping at the one hand the public expectations at the other.

Civic Utilisation based on meta-ethnography willingness of government to open data Modeling of Influential factors

[Purpose/Significance]Government open data has been in China for 10 years, however, the actual use of it has been criticised. This study analyses citizens' willingness to use government open data from their perspectives and constructs a model, aiming to promote in-depth research on citizens' use of government open data. [Methodology/Process] Meta-ethnographic qualitative research method was adopted to synthesise and integrate the 25 original studies. [Results/Conclusions] The study finally constructed a model of factors influencing citizens' willingness to use government open data, and identified four dimensions: "citizen", "platform", "government" and "environment". The four dimensions of "citizen", "platform", "government" and "environment" were identified, of which "citizen" involves "intrinsic motivation", "behavioural attitude", "information attitude" and "information security". The four dimensions of "Citizen" include "Intrinsic Motivation", "Behavioural Attitude", "Information Literacy", and "Demographic Characteristics", while the four dimensions of "Platform" include "Data Quality", "Information Literacy", and "Demographic Characteristics". platform" involves the sub-dimensions of "data quality" and "platform quality", "government" involves the sub-dimensions of "organisational conditions" and "policies and regulations", and "government" involves the sub-dimensions of "organisational conditions" and "policies and regulations". government" involves two sub-dimensions, "organisational conditions" and "policies and regulations", and "environment" involves two sub-dimensions, "social environment" and "type of context", with each sub-dimension having a different impact on the use of open government data by citizens. The different factors under each sub-dimension have different degrees of influence on citizens' use of open government data. Finally, suggestions are made to enhance citizens' willingness to use open government data.

The factors that influence the growth and performance of micro and small-scale enterprises in Dessie Town administration

IntroductionThe growth or performance of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSSEs) is widely recognized for their important contributions to economic developments in developing countries. Small and Medium-sized businesses (MMEs) in most developing nations encounter obstacles throughout and after the start-up process. This research aims to explore the determinants of the growth of MSSEs with a special emphasis on five work sectors: manufacturing, trade, construction, service, and urban agriculture in Dessie Town, Ethiopia.MethodsThe primary data was collected using a self-questionnaire from a sample of 218 managers/owners of MSE operators. Both descriptive and inferential analysis were used to analyze the collected data. Descriptive narrations were used to analyze qualitative data as a concurrent triangulation strategy. The sample respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling method based on the type of business sector. This practical study provoked nine major issues affecting the growth of MSSEs in town: political & legal factors, including bureaucratic bottlenecks system, the COVID-19 pandemic, working premises, market-related issues, road infrastructures, management system, technology-related factors, and entrepreneurial-related factors. The results show that linear and positive substantial to strong significant relationships or associations exist between some independent variables and the growth of MSSEs. Among the expected nine determinants of MSSEs' growth and performance, only political & legal-related, management-related, market-related, technology-related, infrastructure-related, entrepreneur-related factors, and COVID-19 pandemic were statistically significant. Besides, the nominated factors explained the total variations in the MSSEs' growth and performance at a 5% significance level. Realizing this conclusion, the government and non-government bodies and operators of MSSEs should give attention to management, marketing, technology infrastructure, and entrepreneur-related factors.

The Role of Open Government in Maintaining Trust in Public Administration

The concept of trust has gained significance in the discourse surrounding traditional public administration, which has been questioned in various respects regarding its relationship with the public. The political, social, and economic changes that have occurred in recent times have led to numerous transformations in the unx”derstanding of public administration. It is crucial to maintain trust in relationships, and this is a topic that has been thoroughly discussed. Trust approaches are evaluated within public administration paradigms in this study. The objective of this research is to assess how government openness impacts citizens’ trust in the government. To measure the influence of open states on public trust, European social research data and data from the open government index, developed by the World Justice Project, were utilised. To investigate whether the countries’ level of open statehood alters trust in public administration, the study initially utilized the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test to identify the variance origin. The findings confirmed the positive impact of open statehood on trust.

The impact of open government data on entrepreneurial activity: a quasi-experiment with machine learning

ABSTRACT Open government data (OGD) is a philosophy advocating for the public release of government-held data to citizens and stakeholders. While numerous countries are increasingly adopting this approach, empirical evidence regarding its impact on entrepreneurial activity remains limited. Our study utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to rigorously assess the causal effect of OGD on entrepreneurial activity and its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we employ a machine learning technique, Causal Forest, to delve into the pivotal city characteristics that shape OGD’s impact and to assess how these features moderate its effects. Our findings reveal a significantly positive effect of OGD on entrepreneurial activity, primarily driven by its capacity to enhance government efficiency, foster venture capital, and promote technical innovation. Furthermore, we identify sci-tech investment and informatization level as critical city characteristics that positively moderate the impact of OGD.

Open data work for empowered deliberative democracy: Findings from a living lab study

Open government data have the potential to facilitate democratic debate and collaboration between government and citizens. This assumes that citizens can effectively use data. However, not all citizens possess these skills. Building on the Empowered Deliberative Democracy Framework, this study examined how open data work - a variety of interventions and activities facilitated by intermediaries - can foster inclusive democratic processes at the local level by using a living lab methodology. Our living lab took place in a vulnerable neighborhood in a city in the Netherlands. Our findings demonstrate that open data work for empowered deliberative democracy requires enhancing the community's awareness and capacity for interpreting and using data about local problems and enabling them to engage in a process of joint learning and deliberation with data intermediaries, government, and other stakeholders.

LOCAL OPEN GOVERNMENT: STUDIES IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA

This research aims to analyze the bibliography and the local open government content of West Nusa Tenggara. This research uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis and content analysis methods. This research uses secondary data obtained from the Google Scholar database and West Nusa Tenggara open government policy documents. The results of this research show that there are 160 publications, 376 citations, a 10 h-index, and a 15 g-index. However, the trend shows a decrease in publications every year. There are 149 keywords, 14 clusters, 3210 total link strengths, and 797 occurrences in the West Nusa Tenggara paper. Open government, local open government, NTB One Data, NTB Care, and Posyandu Information System are the dominant keywords. In implementing open government, the West Nusa Tenggara government implemented three policies: improving the West Nusa Tenggara One Data (NTB One Data) information system, improving the West Nusa Tenggara Care (NTB Care) information system, and revitalizing the Integrated Health Service Post (Posyandu). In their implementation, these policies encounter various challenges, but if they can be implemented, they will have the opportunity to provide quality public services in West Nusa Tenggara.

Identification of Public Service Logic (PSL) and Public Service Motivation (PSM) elements in Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives

AbstractWhile previous research on Open Government Data (OGD) has primarily focused on reuse and adoption, this study aims to explore the implications of the Public Service Logic (PSL) and Public Service Motivation (PSM) dimensions in the context of OGD initiatives. This study is contextualized in Tanzania wherein the OGD initiatives are at an evolving stage. For the present study, the perspectives of the 15 public officials involved in the management of the OGD initiatives are being solicited. Findings underscore the need for furthering the marketing and refurbishing the OGD initiatives' quality alongside the increased involvement of the stakeholders to engage in value co‐creation. Furthermore, as a study contextualized in a developing country to understand the involvement of the public personnel in the refurbishment of the OGD initiatives, the study contributes to the extant OGD literature while identifying the OGD publisher‐side challenges and strengths in a still‐evolving OGD initiative. Finally, with its societal implications in terms of the impact on societal stakeholders' engagement with OGD given the PSL‐PSM of the public officials, the study's relevance is also clinched.