Open Front Research Articles

Design and Analysis of Real-time Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System using Open Source Tools

detection and prevention is one of the most important and fundamental task in an organization's computer network. Commercially available intrusion detection and prevention systems are costly and overkill for small and medium sized organizations. This paper describes the design and analysis of a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) using open source tools. The study also describes an open source Database to store the alerts and an open source front end management console application to view the alerts and logs from the proposed Database in any of the modern day web browser. In this particular research Snort was used as an NIDS to detect intrusions and attacks. Snort is a popular open source NIDS with signature based rules for detecting thousands of known attacks. The rules are regularly updated by Snort team to include new attacks and intrusions. SnortSam was used as an NIPS to act upon the alerts detected by Snort. SnortSam blocks the intrusions by sending intruders and attacker's source IP addresses to firewall in real time. MySQL was used as the Database to store alerts and BASE (Basic Analysis and Security Engine) was chosen as the open source management console application. Juniper Networks switch EX-3200 and Firewall SSG-20 were used as the network devices for connectivity and working of the system. Any other vendor network devices can also effectively be used in design and configuration of the system. The design successfully detected and prevented network intrusions and same can be implemented in any small and medium sized organization for protection of their Computer Networks.

통일신라시대 주택의 평면유형 분석 - 경주 신라왕경 발굴유구를 중심으로 -

In this study, the plane type of main building relics of unified Silla period house site which excavated in Gyeongju city after 1990s was classified and the architectural characteristic of them was investigated. The chronology of building relics in Silla capital city site was mostly known as 8-9th century, and by standard of column arrangement, the plane types of them could be classified as grid type, front veranda-grid type, outer column type. The outstanding characteristic of plane is wide span and open front veranda. In most relics the span were over 4 meters, and inner foundations for small post and strip foundation were found between columns. The front veranda added type buildings were composited of enclosed main room and open front veranda, and column arrangement of them dose not fall into line in most case. Thus it thought that the structures of enclosed main room and open front veranda were independent. The interior space of enclosed main room were divided two rooms by partition wall in some case. In this case, one room is enclosed by wall, and the other room has open front side. This plane is considered for the pleasant life in cold winter and hot summer.

Analysis on Angular and Torsional Deformation of Open Front Press

The angular deformation and torsional deformation are investigated by FEM on open front press with nominal press force of 1600kN. The FEM mold of press is established by processing contact, constraints, and loads. The angular deformation of frame and torsional deformation of slide are analyzed based on the analyses of distribution of equivalent stress and deformation. The influence work force of open front press to angular deformation and torsional deformation are obtained.

Analysis of orthogonal wave reflection by a caisson with open front chamber filled with sloping rubble mound

A new combined caisson, including an open window on the front wall and an internal rubble mound with a slope, has been proposed and used in Italy. This study presents a semi-analytical solution to estimate the wave absorbing performance of the new combined caisson with regard to orthogonal wave attack. The internal slope of the rubble mound is assumed to be a series of horizontal steps. Then the matched eigenfunction expansions are used to develop the semi-analytical solution. The square-root singularity of fluid velocity at the upper tip of the front submerged wall is incorporated into the solution to enhance the convergence of calculated results. The new semi-analytical solution is confirmed by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method solution. Also the predictions of the semi-analytical solution agree reasonably well with experimental data. Based on both the calculations and the experimental data, some useful results are presented for practical engineering.

Temperature control efficacy of retail refrigeration equipment

Abstract Temperature control of food products in retail food stores (food stores) is essential for food safety. The food business operator (FBO) must ensure that the product temperatures comply with food regulations. This study investigated the temperatures of products in 32 food stores and the relationship between the product temperature with the temperature of the refrigeration equipment (open front) and the temperature settings. The FBOs awareness of the equipment and product temperatures and the equipment temperature settings (temperature setpoint, alarm setpoint, timing for alarm to go off) were also investigated. The food stores represented four nationwide chain-store groups in Finland. The study included four categories of food products namely: fresh fish, minced meat, vacuum packed ready-to-eat processed fish and other ready-to-eat products, all of which are easily perishable products. Vacuum packed fish products and other ready-to-eat products are also sensitive to Listeria monocytogenes contamination. The temperatures of the products (n = 84) and refrigeration equipment (n = 86) were measured by a temperature data logger by the health inspector for 24 h. Temperature violations were observed in 50% of the products and 17.9% of the products exceeded the temperature limit by over 3 °C for more than 30 min. Products that were most often in noncompliance were fresh fish and vacuum packed processed fish products. Temperature violations were observed in food stores in all four chain-store groups and no significant difference between the chain-store groups was observed. The temperature of the equipment as measured by the refrigeration equipment's fixed thermometers differed significantly from the temperatures of the products. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between the equipment temperatures (fixed thermometer) and the products with the exception of minced meat. These results highlight, that the product temperature could not be reliably determined by the equipment's fixed thermometer. There was a lack of awareness of temperature settings in all chain-store groups. Only three stores (9.4%) were aware of all the settings of the inspected equipment. The results show that the FBOs own-check of equipment and product temperatures is not functioning correctly in food stores. This can have serious consequences for food safety. FBOs, equipment manufacturers, monitoring system providers and official food control authorities should take active measures to improve the situation.

18 - REMOVED: Construction of Mills

This chapter has been removed. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Removal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This chapter has been removed as the rights have been returned to the author.

Bahasa dan Konstruksi Solidaritas Antaretnis Masyarakat Transmigran di Nusa Tenggara Barat

This study is aimed at identifying linguistic features, indexing ethnic identities, and inter-ethnic solidarity in transmigration contexts. Data were collected through interview, documentation and ethnography of various transmigrate communities on Sumbawa island. The data were then analyzed qualitatively with the ethnography of speaking and interaction analysis. The study found that (a) Ethnic identities in the migrant areas can be linguistically identified in four forms: orang aida (to refer to Sumbawa people), orang kalembo ade (for Bima people), dengan batur (for Sasak people) and orang beli (Balinese people). (b) These people were identifiable in the way they articulate particular sounds: orang beli (the Balinese) were identified in terms of dominant use of alveolar retroflexed, orang batur (the Sasak) were identified in the way they marked use of alveolar retroflexed, and orang kalembo ade (the Bima people) were identified through their articulation of closed central vowel as open low front vowel. It was also found that the forms had been used to construct ethnicity and interethnic solidarity between participants. The use of ana and ente in interaction indicated solidarity regardless of differences in age and social status. Key words: language and society, contextualization, ethnicity, solidarity, inter-cultural communication, transmigration

Investigation of the Parameters that Influence the Effectiveness of an Open Fronted Enclosure

Open fronted ventilated enclosures are commonly used in industry to control worker exposure to a wide range of chemicals. These enclosures tend to be of basic design and often consist of nothing more than a box like structure with an open front to allow worker access and extraction at the rear to remove contaminated air. This design forces the worker to stand at the face of the enclosure and by doing so presents a blockage to the airflow.The aim of this experimental study was to investigate design parameters that influence the control effectiveness of small ventilated partial enclosures. All experimental work was carried out in a purpose built, free standing, partial enclosure with and without a manikin present. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) was used as the test gas and released via two different designed ejectors inside the enclosure. Air samples were taken in the breathing zone of the manikin and the SF6 concentration measured. Two different rear baffles and four flanges, which were fitted to the opening of the enclosure, were tested at face velocities between 0.3 and 0.7 ms-1.The presence of a manikin at the face of the enclosure caused a ‘wake’ region of highly turbulent air to form in front of it. This ‘wake’ interacted with the eddy against the floor of the enclosure. Of the four flanges tested only one, which allowed air to pass between the wall of the enclosure and the flange, significantly reduced the concentration of SF6 in the breathing zone of the manikin. This flange was considered to be the most practical design for small partial enclosures.

Clean Benches

Clean Benches

Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were: (1) to characterise the exposure of non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in a vehicle using biomarkers, (2) to describe the time course of...

A theoretical model of supporting open source front end innovation through idea management

Most industries face continuing pressures from rising R&D costs, shortening product lifecycles and global competition. These challenges have increased the focus on shortening development times, which again puts pressure on the efficiency of front end innovation (FEI). In the attempt to overcome these various challenges companies are looking for new models to support FEI. This theoretical paper explores in what way idea management may be applied as a tool in facilitation of front end innovation and how this facilitation may be captured in a conceptual model. First, I show through a literature study, how idea management and front end innovation are related and how they may support each other. Secondly, I present a theoretical model of how idea management may be applied in support of the open source front end of new product innovations. Thirdly, I present different venues of further exploration of active facilitation of open source front end innovation through idea management.

American Mink (Neovison vison) Trapping in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve: Enhancing Current Trap Systems to Control an Invasive Predator

Improvement of invasive American mink (Neovison vison) trapping methods in the Cape Horn Archipelago is a priority for wildlife managers. We assessed the use of cubby sets (16 × 16 × 30 cm plywood boxes) containing body gripping lethal traps to control mink along the Beagle Channel. We compared effectiveness, selectivity and weather condition resistance between two cubby set designs: (i) open front, and (ii) restricted entrance (lidded with a 6 cm aperture). The effectiveness of bait was evaluated between fresh versus canned fish. Thirteen minks and no non-target species were captured with the restricted entrance systems, as compared with three minks and 25 non-target individuals (six species) in open front cubby sets. Fresh fish resulted in more captures than canned fish, and lids made traps less susceptible to false activation. Traps inside restricted entrance cubby sets, baited with fresh fish were found to be most suitable for mink control and/or eradication efforts.

RangeMapper: a platform for the study of macroecology of life‐history traits

ABSTRACTAim To introduce rangeMapper, an R package for the study of the macroecological patterns of life‐history traits, and demonstrate its capabilities using three case studies. The first case study addresses an important topic in conservation biology: biodiversity hotspots. Specifically, we investigate the congruence between global hotspots of three parameters that describe avian diversity: species richness, endemic species richness and relative body mass diversity. The second case study investigates a topic of relevance for macroecology: the inter‐specific relationship between range size and body size for avian assemblages, and how it varies geographically. The third case study tackles a methodological problem in macroecology: the influence of map resolution on statistical inference, i.e. the question of whether and how the relationship between species richness and body mass varies with map resolution.Innovation rangeMapper offers a tight integration of spatial and statistical tools for macroecological projects and it relies on a high‐performance database engine which makes it suitable for managing projects using a large number of species. rangeMapper's architecture follows closely the concepts described by Gaston et al. (2008 Journal of Biogeography, 35, 483–500) and its flexibility allows for both complex data manipulation procedures and easy implementation of new functions. By choosing case studies to cover various technical and conceptual issues we demonstrate rangeMapper's capabilities to address a wide array of questions.Main conclusion rangeMapper (http://cran.r‐project.org/package=rangeMapper) is an open source front end software which can be used to address questions in both fundamental ecological research and conservation biology.

Rytinių šiaurės žemaičių fonologinė sistema: mitai ir tikrovė

The North-Eastern Žemaitian phonology: MythS and reality Summary It has been commonly believed that the North-eastern Žemaitian dialects form a specific border dialect with their unique characteristics of vocalism and prosody. The purpose of the research is to separate facts from assumptions and to dispel myths concerning the stress retraction, the secondary stress, the contrast of phonemes / i / : / ẹ / and / u / : / ọ / at the end of the word and et cetera, in other words, to identify the phonological elements, examine their interrelationship and give an exhaustive description of the phonological system of the dialect employing instrumental and statistical methods. The findings from the instrumental and statistical research have lead to the following conclusions: 1. The shifted secondary stress is regularly used in long endings containing a long vowel or a pure diphthong. In the south-western part of the dialect the secondary stress is not realized in long endings, containing a semi-diphthong (i.e., a vowel + sonorant cluster). This tendency can be observed throughout the whole area of the dialect. 2. When the stress is retracted to the beginning of the word, the secondary stress is preserved consistently. 3. A more consistent retraction of stress from acute final syllables is observed only in ā and ē stems of present and past tense forms in the first and second person singular. From the diachronic point of view, this is a new morphological phenomenon. 4. The distinctive accent contrast is realized in long stressed syllables; it is neutralized in the endings in which the archiprosodeme is represented by the acute. In the retracted-stress syllables the contrast of accents is consistently maintained only in the north-eastern part of the dialect. 5. The contrast of phonemes / i / : / ẹ / and / u / : / ọ / is systematically realized at the end of a word. In the stem this contrast is neutralized: the realization of high or mid-open phonemes depends upon the vocalism of the following syllable (the regressive assimilation of vowels). 6. The phonological vowel system of the dialect consists of 14 phonemes: / i · , u · , ie , uo , ( ẹ· ), ( ọ · ) ( e · ), a · , i , u , ẹ , ọ , ( e ), a /. The long / ẹ· / and / ọ · / belong to the periphery of the system. The open front phonemes / e · /, / e / are not found in the system of vowels of the south-eastern fringe of the dialect.

Plastic Models Designed To Produce Large Height-to-Length Ratio Steady-State Planar and Axisymmetric (Radial) Viscous Liquid Laminar Flow Gravity Currents

Naturally occurring gravity currents include events such as air flowing through an open front door, a volcanic eruption’s pyroclastic flow down a mountainside, and the spread of the Bhopal disaster’s methyl isocyanate gas. Gravity currents typically have a small height-to-distance ratio. Plastic models were designed and constructed with a restricted horizontal liquid flow using a series of connected cells that produced high viscosity laminar liquid flow planar and radial gravity currents. Because these gravity currents had a large height-to-distance ratio, they were easy to observe. Incremental transfer equations were used in spreadsheets to calculate the expected gravity current profiles. The calculated profiles were in good agreement with the liquid heights in the model’s cells at steady state. The steady-state profile for the planar viscous laminar flow gravity current was an x axis parabola.

Assessment of colony nests for laying hens in conjunction with the authorization procedure

Pretesting farm animal housing systems that are intended for mass production is a practical way to increase and ensure product quality of livestock systems. The Swiss authorization procedure requires new systems and equipment for farm animals to show improvement with regard to animal welfare. For this purpose, a method to test hen colony nests was developed and subsequently applied to assess the suitability of five commercial nests. First, we developed a “minimal nest” that fulfilled the minimum requirements of the Swiss Animal Welfare Regulations (development phase). In a second step consisting of five experiments, the minimal nest was offered in combination with one of the commercial nests (assessment phase). For approval, the hens’ preference for the commercial nest must be better than or equal to their preference for the minimal nest. The experiments were carried out with eight (development phase) or nine (assessment phase) groups of 20 hens and spanned the 18th to the 26th (development phase) or 28th (assessment phase) week of age. The numbers of eggs in the nests and on the floor were registered daily, and the behaviour and positions of the hens were recorded during the last two weeks of the experiments. The hens significantly preferred an open litter box to a minimal nest with an open front side (59% vs. 36% of the eggs, p < 0.03), while the minimal nest in which the front side was covered by a plastic curtain was significantly more attractive than the open litter box (86% vs. 12% of the eggs, p < 0.001). One of the commercial nests was significantly preferred over the minimal nest with the plastic curtain (78% vs. 17% of the eggs, p < 0.01), whereas two of the commercial nests were significantly less favored than the minimal nest (39% vs. 58% of the eggs, p < 0.01; 16% vs. 82% of the eggs, p < 0.002). No significant differences were found for the other two commercial nests (42% vs. 56% of the eggs, p = 0.33; 29% vs. 65% of the eggs, p = 0.17). Behavioural and positional data for the laying hens are also presented. Seclusion seems to be an essential factor for hens searching for a nest site. With regard to the authorization procedure, the commercial nests that were preferred or rated similarly to the minimal nest may become definitively authorized, whereas the disliked nests are likely to be disapproved. Investigations on commercial farms are needed for final assessment.

Application on the Stratified Air Conditioning System with Low Velocity in the Main Hall of the Temple

This paper presents a design scheme of the stratified air conditioning system, in accordance with the temple hall’s large space and function characteristics. The indoor stratified air conditioning environment is formed by the low velocity air supply of fan coil units embedded below the Buddha statue. The interface of stratified air is only 1.7m high, because the large amount of air unavoidably penetrates the room due to the prohibition of closing the door. From the tested results, the design not only meet the temple hall’s operational requirements for decoration and the open front door, but also greatly reduces the energy consumption of the air conditioning at the cost of the comfortable feeling of air conditioning. In this work, some suggestions are also given in order to further improve the comfort and lower the energy use.

Development of a stability model for a vertical single band recirculated air curtain sealing a refrigerated cavity

Recirculating cold air curtains are used to seal the open front of all multi-deck refrigerated display cabinets commonly used in food retail. Infiltration through the air curtain has been estimated to be the source of between 78 and 81% of the total heat gain to the cabinet. More efficient air curtains would not only save energy but would enable more precise temperature control of the produce within the display cabinet, better preserving food quality. Curtain thickness, length, discharge temperature and velocity all influence the efficiency of the air curtain and design optimisation has until recently been largely empirical or has used complex CFD models. The aim of this study was to generate a design guide which would enable cabinet designers with limited fluid flow expertise to rapidly identify the most efficient air curtain design to seal any given cavity from fundamental measurements without any need for intensive computation.

“In His Own Home”: Gendering the African American Domestic Sphere in Contemporary Culture

When journalists and cultural critics discussed arrest of Harvard scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. for disorderly conduct July 2009, a particular phrase appeared with regularity Gates was arrested, we heard time and again, in home. Most readers will remember that Gates was arrested after an argument with Cambridge, Massachusetts, police, who came to investigate a report that two men were attempting to force open front door of a an upper-middle-class neighborhood near Harvard campus. We now know that Gates, just offa transcontinental flight, was actually trying to wrest open jammed front door, with help of driver. Critics, of course, typically invoked Gates s occupancy of own home order to underline outrageousness of arrest. Mark Anthony Neal (2009), for instance, points out, Few would begrudge Professor Gates s rage ... response to questioning of right to be home. President Obama himself declared that police had acted stupidly arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were their home (Seelye 2009). And Stanley Fish (2009), writing New York Times, alludes to rights and privileges that ownership is supposed to confer, suggesting that perceived implausibility of an African American man occupying a particular kind of - large, well-appointed, and a prestigious neighborhood - played a large part unfolding of encounter. He recalls disbelief that attended Gates s tenure at Duke, where, Fish tells us, Gates purchased and began to renovate grandest town. In Durham, Gates was frequently taken for a service worker at home; the message was unmistakable: What was a black man doing a place like this? Critics, then, legitimately foreground skepticism that greets an African American man such a neighborhood. At same time, they take for granted right to all of security, privacy, and respect that possession of such a is supposed to guarantee. The density of detail which story of Gates s encounter with Sergeant Crowley was embedded - emphasis press coverage on texture and tenor of Cambridge neighborhood and PBS documentary on which Gates had been working China - kept Gates s class privilege visible to public from start. A number of critics pointed out that Gates s arrest, while shocking and anomalous when it happens to a distinguished Harvard professor - one who counts New York Times columnists and even president of United States as friends - are of course routine events for African Americans, especially men, throughout United States. As Mark Anthony Neal (2009) writes, Our concerns should reflect regularity of such abuse, not just selective outrage that befits those of more privilege. Michael Eric Dyson similarly suggests that Gates was guilty of HWB, Housing While Black, and contends that if a famous and affluent black man can be accosted, arrested, and humiliated, then all black folk can reasonably expect same treatment (2009; emphasis added). What went uninterrogated and undisputed rush of critical commentary that followed arrest was presumption of latitude and deference - safety from outside intervention and general hassle - that should attend a homeowner when he is within parameters of his home. Certainly, as Neal and Dyson attest, this is a profoundly classed notion, attaching to middleclass or wealthy homeowner a way that it does not to working-class or poor inhabitant of a rented or government-subsidized domestic space. I would argue as well that remarkably, even hyperbolically, male tableau that followed fallout from arrest - when President Barack Obama invited both Gates and Sergeant Crowley to have a beer at White House with him and vice president Joe Biden - did nothing to dispel sense that notions of sanctity and security within continue to have a male face. …

Crucible-free pulling of germanium crystals

Commonly, germanium crystals are grown after the Czochralski (CZ) method. The crucible-free pedestal and floating zone (FZ) methods, which are widely used for silicon growth, are hardly known to be investigated for germanium. The germanium melt is more than twice as dense as liquid silicon, which could destabilize a floating zone. Additionally, the lower melting point and the related lower radiative heat loss is shown to reduce the stability especially of the FZ process with the consequence of a screw-like crystal growth. We found that the lower heat radiation of Ge can be compensated by the increased convective cooling of a helium atmosphere instead of the argon ambient. Under these conditions, the screw-like growth could be avoided. Unfortunately, the helium cooling deteriorates the melting behavior of the feed rod. Spikes appear along the open melt front, which touch on the induction coil. In order to improve the melting behavior, we used a lamp as a second energy source as well as a mixture of Ar and He. With this, we found a final solution for growing stable crystals from germanium by using both gases in different parts of the furnace. The experimental work is accompanied by the simulation of the stationary temperature field. The commercially available software FEMAG-FZ is used for axisymmetric calculations. Another tool for process development is the lateral photo-voltage scanning (LPS), which can determine the shape of the solid–liquid phase boundary by analyzing the growth striations in a lateral cut of a grown crystal. In addition to improvements of the process, these measurements can be compared with the calculated results and, hence, conduce to validate the calculation.