Open File Research Articles

KIST-NOMAD - a Repository to Manage Large Amounts of Computational Materials Science Data

We introduce the Korea Institute of Science and Technology-Novel Materials Discovery (KISTNOMAD) platform, a materials data repository. We describe its functionality and novel features from an academic viewpoint. It is a data repository designed for computational material science, especially focusing on managing and sharing the results of molecular dynamics simulation results as well as quantum mechanical computations. It consists of three main components: a database, file storage, and web-based front end. The database hosts material properties, which are extracted from the computational results. The front end has a graphical user interface and an open application programming interface, which allow researchers to interact with the system more easily. KIST-NOMAD’s panel displays the searched results on a well-organized and research-oriented web page. All the open access data and files are available for downloading in comma-separated value format as well as zipped archives. This automated extraction function was developed by utilizing database parsers and JSON scripts. KISTNOMAD also has an efficient option to download simulation and computation results on a large-scale. All of the above functions are designed to satisfy academic and research demands, and make highthroughput screening available, while incorporating machine learning for computational material engineering. We finally stress that the repository platform is user-driven and user-friendly. It is clearly designed to follow the modern big-data architecture and re-use principles for scientific data, such as being findable, accessible, and interoperable.

Geological Survey of South Australia: SARIG updated and a new AusLAMP model

While all geophysical surveys reported in open file company exploration reports are available via SARIG’s Georeference catalogue, they may not yet appear as a layer on SARIG. The South Australian g...

A Bayesian Approach to Modeling Multivariate Multilevel Insurance Claims in the Presence of Unsettled Claims

A Bayesian model for individual insurance claims is proposed which accounts for the multivariate multilevel features of the claims, including multiple claimants for the same event, each of whom may receive benefits under different coverages. A Bayesian approach makes it possible to account for missing values in the covariates and partial information contained in open files, thereby avoiding sampling bias induced when unsettled claims are ignored. For a given claim, the combination of coverages under which payments are made is modeled as a type with multinomial regression. The presence of legal and expert fees follows a logistic regression given the type. The non-zero claim amounts are then modeled with log skewed normal regressions linked by a Student t copula. The Bayesian framework yields a predictive distribution for the amounts paid, including parameter risk and process risk, while handling missing covariates and open files. The approach is illustrated with Accident Benefits car insurance claims from a Canadian company.

Preservation and Access for Born-digital Electronic Records: The Case for an Institutional Digital Content Format Registry

ABSTRACT Since 2014, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library has taken custody of a growing number of collections of “born-digital” records, largely through the University Archives. These collections comprise a panoply of digital content formats, ranging from those in common use to obscure varieties from the early days of personal computing. As such, they pose a challenge to digital preservation and access. Knowing what software to use to open files in formats that have fallen out of use is often difficult, let alone installing obsolete software on contemporary operating systems. At the same time, the sheer bulk of collections, as well as an accelerating rate of born-digital accessions from faculty and campus offices, makes it difficult to assess these files at the time of acquisition. These challenges suggest the need for preservation policies on digital formats in collections of electronic records, as well as for firsthand knowledge of the software required to facilitate curator control over and patron access to these collections. This article presents an overview of an evolving approach taken by archivists and librarians at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to build the policies, technical knowledge, and systems for an effective preservation and access program for electronic records. Their implementation of a local digital content format registry, while young, suggests that archivists and digital preservationists would benefit from further development of tools and practices focused on born-digital formats, and the thoughtful integration of institutional knowledge with international format registries.

Quantitative Image Format for Electron Microscopy

AbstractExperimental data, simulation, data analysis and visualisation require image file formats that are open source and able to contain and manage quantitative data. Quantification techniques bring the new challenge of managing image calibration parameters and formulas in an open and efficient format, compatible with routine microscopy workflows. A practical approach to quantitative image format is presented and discussed here, relying on open and extensible file formats - Tagged Image File (TIF) and Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP).

Patient Data Secrecy using Apriori with a Posteriori Anonymization

A multilingual terminology for discussing safety by information minimization such as namelessness, unlink potential, imperceptibility, inconspicuousness, pseudonymity, and character the executives can be located in [1,4,6]. An account or observational informational index is known as microdata. Each recording or notion has plenty of factors. This association of factors should` be classified and might must be modified a good way to observe protection saving information dispensing measures. Microdata is required to be blanketed whilst its conscious or incidental revelation would not do any mischief to the population in query. Preset programming settings for ok threat levels might be set by legitimate conditions to be legal as open use files or microdata records underneath agreement for have a look at functions. As a marker of the present state of affairs, facts secured by HIPAA and Safe Harbor suggestions bring about a re-recognizable evidence chance proportion of round zero.04% (this is 4/10.000), going between 0.01% to 0.25% and being 10% to 60% if there need to be an incidence of limited informational collections beneath non-revelation understandings agreeing to[8]. Further trial estimations can be located.

Outcomes after Open Lower Extremity Revascularization in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

For decades, open intervention was the treatment of choice in patients requiring lower extremity revascularization. In the endovascular era, however, open and endovascular revascularization are options. The implications of prior revascularization on the outcomes for subsequent revascularization are not known. In the present study, we evaluated 30-day outcomes after open lower extremity revascularization for critical limb ischemia (CLI) in those who had previous interventions. The 2012-2017 open lower extremity bypass Participant User Data Files from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used to identify a cohort of patients with CLI. Patients whose operation was considered emergent were excluded from the analysis. Patients were stratified on whether they had a previous open or endovascular intervention or undergoing a primary revascularization. The primary outcome measure was 30-day major adverse limb events (MALEs). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and wound complications. A total of 12,668 patients met study criteria with 59.6% (n=7,549) undergoing a primary open revascularization, 22.4% (n=2,839) having a prior endovascular intervention, and 18.0% (n=2,280) having a prior open revascularization. There were notable differences in the baseline characteristics between the 3 groups. In addition, there were differences in the reason for intervention (rest pain versus tissue loss), type of revascularization, and type of conduit used between the 3 groups. After adjustment, a prior open revascularization was significantly associated with 30-day MALE when compared with a primary revascularization (adjusted odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-1.94; P<0.001) and prior endovascular intervention (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.12; P<0.001). There were no differences in outcomes between primary revascularization and prior endovascular patients. There were no differences between MACEs or wound complications between the 3 groups. A prior endovascular intervention does not seem to accrue any additional short-term risk when compared with primary revascularization, suggesting an endovascular-first approach may be a safe strategy in patients with CLI. However, a prior open intervention is significantly associated with 30-day MALE in patients undergoing redo open revascularization, which may be related to the rapid decline in patients once they have exhausted their best open revascularization option.

CSPM- Cloud Security Posture Management (Comprehensive Security for Cloud Environment)

As enterprises place more services in public cloud and as the public cloud providers introduce more infrastructure and platform services directly into the hands of developers, it is becoming increasingly complex and time-consuming to answer the seemingly straightforward question “Are we using these services securely?” and “Does the configuration of my cloud services represent excessive risk?” For example, manually assessing the secure setup and configuration in cloud environments across different services, each with varying granularities of authorization policies, is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Simple misconfiguration issues (such as open storage buckets) represent significant risk (see “Open File Shares Are Your Biggest Cloud Security Problem”) and occur often, as evidenced by continuing publicized data disclosures from publicly exposed storage buckets.

Compile-time code virtualization for android applications

Infringing intellectual property by reverse analysis is a severe threat to Android applications. By replacing the program instructions with virtual instructions that an adversary is unfamiliar with, code obfuscation based on virtualization is a promising way of protecting Android applications against reverse engineering. However, the current code virtualization approaches for Android only target at the DEX bytecode level. The DEX file with the open file format and more semantic information makes the decode-dispatch pattern easier to expose, which has been identified as a severe vulnerability of security and can be exploited by various attacks. Further, decode-dispatch interpretation frequently uses indirect branches in this structure to introduce extra overhead. This paper presents a novel approach to transfer code virtualization from DEX level to native level, which possesses strong security strength and good stealth, with only modest cost. Our approach contains two components: pre-compilation and compile-time virtualization. Pre-compilation is designed for performance improvement by identifying and decompiling the critical functions which consume a significant fraction of execution time. Compile-time virtualization builds upon the widely used LLVM compiler framework. It automatically translates the DEX bytecode into the common LLVM intermediate representations where a unified code virtualization pass can be applied for DEX code. We have implemented a working prototype Dex2VM of our technique and applied it to eight representative Android applications. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively protect the target code against a state-of-the-art code reverse engineering tool that is specifically designed for code virtualization, and it achieves good stealth with only modest cost.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of an Intraoral Scanner: An Update on the Omnicam

Computerized optical impression making is one of the most exciting topics in dentistry today. Therefore, it is very important to know how accurate these devices are. Purpose: To investigate the influence of a software update of an intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: Accuracy was tested in terms of trueness and precision. An acrylic model was scanned with an industrial scanner. The dataset was used as reference for the evaluation of the CEREC AC Omnicam datasets and statistical analyses implemented. Results: Trueness and precision values very significantly smaller with the latest software version as opposed to the previous version. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, the investigated intraoral scanner meets the highest standards in terms of trueness and precision. The authors strongly recommend to not use software other than the proprietary workflows to export files to the open STL file format.

User Education and File Standards Best Options to Ensure Open Educational Resources are Truly Open

A Review of:&#x0D; Ovadia, S. (2019). Addressing the technical challenges of open educational resources. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 19(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2019.0005&#x0D; Abstract&#x0D; Objective – To describe common technical challenges of open educational resources (OERs) and recommend solutions.&#x0D; Design – Descriptive study.&#x0D; Setting – Online open educational resources in higher education.&#x0D; Subjects – Open educational resources.&#x0D; Methods – Drawing from the literature and his own experiences, the author explains the necessity of accepted standards of “openness” and describes the many ways OERs fail to meet these standards. The author also describes common technical challenges that impede openness, then proposes solutions to address these challenges.&#x0D; Main Results – Technical limitations often prohibit OERs from being truly open. Providers can design their resources to encourage reuse, redistribution, revision, and remixing. Three strategies for addressing technical challenges in OERs are user education, open file standards, and using Git to facilitate distributed version control.&#x0D; Conclusion – Git is a compelling option for distributed version control, but entails its own technical challenges. User education and established open file standards are the best strategies to ensure that OERs are open in both a legal and a technical sense. The article concludes with the author’s opinions about how OER directors may most realistically implement these solutions.

Quantifying and Ranking Quality for Acquired Recordings on Digital Video Recorders.

As the closed-circuit television (CCTV) security industry transitioned from analog media to digital video recorders (DVRs) with digital storage, the law enforcement community struggled with the means with which to collect the recordings. New guidelines needed to be established to determine the collection method which would be efficient as well as provide the best quality evidence from live DVRs. A test design was developed to measure, quantify, and rank the quality of acquisition methods used on live systems from DVRs typically used in digital CCTV systems. The purpose was to determine guidelines for acquiring the best quality video for investigative purposes. A test pattern which provided multiple quantifiable metrics for comparison between the methods of acquisition was used. The methods of acquisition included direct data download of the proprietary file and open file format as well as recording the video playback from the DVR via the available display monitor connections including the composite video, Video Graphics Array (VGA), and high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI). While some acquisition methods may provide the best quality evidence, other methods of acquisition are not to be discounted depending on the situation and need for efficiency. As an investigator that needs to retrieve video evidence from live digital CCTV systems, the proprietary file format, overall, provides the best quality evidence. However, depending on the circumstance and as recording technology continues to evolve, options other than the proprietary file format may provide quality that is equal to or greater than the proprietary file format.

PlasPI marine cameras: Open-source, affordable camera systems for time series marine studies.

Imaging underwater can be particularly problematic and expensive given the harsh environmental conditions posed by salinity and for some deployments, pressure. To counter these difficulties, expensive waterproof pressure resistant housings are often used, commonly built from expensive materials such as titanium, if intended for long duration deployments. Further, environmental investigations often benefit from replicate data collection, which additionally increases study costs. In this paper we present a new camera system, developed with off the shelf and 3D printed cost effective components for use in shallow waters of <150m depth. Integrating Raspberry Pi Zero W microcomputers with open source design files and software, it is hoped these camera systems will be of interest to the global marine and freshwater research communities.

An affordable and miniature ice coring drill for rapid acquisition of small iceberg samples.

Icebergs account for approximately half of the freshwater flux from the Greenland Ice Sheet and they can impact marine ecosystems by releasing nutrients and sediments into the ocean as they drift and melt. Parameterizing iceberg fluxes of nutrients and sediments to fjord and ocean waters remains a difficult task due to the complexity of ice-ocean interactions and is complicated by a lack of observations. Acquiring iceberg samples can be difficult and dangerous, as icebergs can break apart and roll without warning. Here we present open source design files for a small, lightweight ice coring drill that can be reproduced using modern computer numerical control (CNC) machining and 3D printing technology. This ice core drill can rapidly acquire small ice samples from icebergs and bergy bits using a standard commercial, off-the-shelf battery-operated hand drill. Design files and a recent field expedition to Northwest Greenland are described. Ice core collection required only 30s, thereby minimizing risks to scientists.

Implementation of Digital‐Era Governance: The Case of Open Data in U.S. Cities

AbstractThis article examines the institutional factors that influence the implementation of open data platforms in U.S. cities. Public management scholarship has argued that governance can be transformed by new information technologies that improve transparency and engagement, reduce administrative costs, and support performance management systems. However, this argument ignores key risks for administrators, as well as institutional and political obstacles that can thwart implementation. This article uses hierarchical negative binomial regression to analyze the organizational and institutional features influencing implementation in more than 1,500 departments across 60 cities. Department type and administrative capacity are strongly associated with the number of open data files available, while city‐level institutional characteristics and administrative capacity are not significant factors. Municipal demographics are also identified as a factor, suggesting a potential demand‐side influence from wealthy and technologically proficient residents.Evidence for Practice The implementation of open data policies benefits from targeted approaches at the department level rather than uniform, citywide objectives or requirements. City executive‐level positions such as chief data or information officers are not necessarily associated with successful implementation, measured by the number of open data files made available. Open data implementation involves additional administrative responsibilities and labor at the department level, so city administrators looking to expand the number and variety of data sets available through their open data platforms should devote time and resources to working directly with departments to facilitate and encourage data sharing. Administrators looking to expand the number and variety of data sets available through their open data platforms should consider the costs associated with investing in increasing individual departments’ abilities to balance the additional administrative responsibilities and labor involved.

Android Pc Controller

Conventionally, the computer system has a monitor, CPU, keyboard, and mouse. In order to perform several activities on the computer such as typing a word document, opening some file or doing any operation on a computer, we need to sit in front of a computer with hardware devices such as keyboard and mouse. Also, if we are giving any presentation in the conference and if the presenter is standing at someplace away from keyboard and mouse and wants to open some other file, then he has to come in front and then open other file using a mouse. Moreover, sitting in front of a computer for hours, one suffers from eye problems as well as other health issues. So, to overcome such problems, an android app is developed. Using this application, the user can control the PC within the Wi-Fi range. Wi-Fi connection is required between the computer and the android device so that the user can access the computer remotely instead of sitting beside it. To share files between a computer system and an Android mobile, start and shut down option, allow accessing the installed applications of PC, this application can be used. It allows the IT administrators to access their database of their computer remotely. It is utilized by doing the operations on PC like sending video.

Geochemistry of the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada, and the unconformity-related uranium deposits hosted by it

ABSTRACTA large data set comprising near-total digestion analyses of whole rock samples from the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada (based principally on the Geological Survey of Canada open file 7495), containing more than 20,000 analyses, was used to define the average chemical composition of Athabasca Group sandstones and of unconformity-related uranium deposits hosted by the basin.The chemical composition of unaltered and un-mineralized Athabasca Group sandstones is dominated by Al (median Al2O3 of 1.14 wt.%), Fe (median Fe2O3 of 0.24 wt.%), and K (median K2O of 0.11 wt.%; Si was not measured), corresponding mostly to the presence of kaolin, illite, and hematite, in addition to the most-abundant quartz. The median concentration of U in the barren sandstones is 1 ppm, with 5 ppm Th, 3 ppm Pb, and 56 ppm ΣREE. Other trace elements present in significant amounts are Zr (median of 100 ppm), Sr (median of 69 ppm), and B (median of 43 ppm), corresponding to the presence of zircon, illite, and dravite.The elements most enriched in a typical Athabasca Basin unconformity-related uranium deposit relative to the barren sandstone are U (median enrichment of ×710), Bi (×175), V (×77), and Mg (×45), followed by five elements with enrichment factors between 20 and 30 (Co, Mo, K, As, and Ni). These correspond to the presence in the ore bodies of alteration minerals (dravite, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, aluminum-phosphate-sulfate minerals, and a suite of sulfide minerals) and are similar to what has been observed before. These elements are similar to the typical pathfinder elements described above known deposits, but their usefulness has to be assessed based on their relative mobility in the predominantly oxidizing Athabasca Basin sandstones.

The decision to provide discovery: an examination of policies and guilty pleas

Prosecutors’ decisions to provide discovery can have vast implications for defendants. When prosecutors do not provide exculpatory information in the context of trials, they place innocent defendants at risk for wrongful convictions (Brady v. Maryland, 1963). Open-file discovery policy, in which prosecutors broadly share evidence with the defense, is the leading reform to address the withholding of exculpatory evidence. A US Supreme Court decision, however, ruled prosecutors do not have to turn over one form of exculpatory evidence (i.e., impeachment evidence) in the context of guilty pleas (U.S. v. Ruiz, 2002). The present study investigated the impact of two discovery policies (open-file (OF) and the Ruiz Supreme Court decision (SC)) on mock prosecutor behaviors and decisions. Participants playing the role of prosecutor were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (neither OF or SC, only OF, only SC, both OF and SC) and assembled a case against a defendant. In assembling the case, participants turned over discovery to the defense and had the opportunity to withhold four potentially exculpatory items. Results revealed both discovery policies impacted mock prosecutor behavior: Participants in the OF conditions turned over significantly more discovery and significantly more exculpatory items than those not in the OF conditions. Conversely, participants in the SC conditions turned over significantly less discovery and significantly fewer exculpatory items than those not in the SC conditions, regardless of their decision to offer a plea or go to trial. Our findings provide important empirical data for two prominent but nonetheless controversial, discovery policies.

Social Entrepreneurs' Use of Fab Labs and 3D Printing in South Africa and Kenya

This article outlines findings from a study in South Africa and Kenya that explored social entrepreneurs' use of fabrication laboratories (fab labs), and in particular fab lab 3D printing services, in order to advance their social innovations and enterprises. Based on interviews with representatives of fab lab initiatives and social enterprises, the study found strong linkages between social entrepreneurship and fab labs, and between social entrepreneurs and the use of 3D printing technology. However, it was also found that social entrepreneurs tend not to rely primarily on fab labs for access to 3D printers, preferring to buy and build their own printer units-a practice made cost-effective through the selection of low-cost, open source models. In respect of the computer-aided design (CAD) software used to design the files for 3D printing, it was found that social entrepreneurs prefer the stability and user-friendliness of proprietary CAD software, despite the cost implications. At the same time, it was found that social entrepreneurs frequently use free and open source CAD files available online, and that they seek, in turn, to share their designs on a free and open source basis.

LibMI: An Open Source Library for Efficient Histopathological Image Processing

Background: Whole-slide images (WSIs) as a kind of image data are rapidly growing in the digital pathology domain. With unusual high resolution, these images make them hard to be supported by conventional tools or file formats. Thus, it obstructs data sharing and automated analysis. Here, we propose a library, LibMI, along with its open and standardized image file format. They can be used together to efficiently read, write, modify, and annotate large images. Materials and Methods: LibMI utilizes the concept of pyramid image structure and lazy propagation from a segment tree algorithm to support reading and modifying and to guarantee that both operations have linear time complexity. Further, a cache mechanism was introduced to speed up the program. Results: LibMI is an open and efficient library for histopathological image processing. To demonstrate its functions, we applied it to several tasks including image thresholding, microscopic color correction, and storing pixel-wise information on WSIs. The result shows that libMI is particularly suitable for modifying large images. Furthermore, compared with congeneric libraries and file formats, libMI and modifiable multiscale image (MMSI) run 18.237 times faster on read-only tasks. Conclusions: The combination of libMI library and MMSI file format enables developers to efficiently read and modify WSIs, thus can assist in pixel-wise image processing on extremely large images to promote building image processing pipeline. The library together with the data schema is freely available on GitLab: https://gitlab.com/BioAI/libMI.