Open-ended Survey Research Articles

The transformational journey of YouTube entrepreneurs: a few strands of evidence from an emerging economy

Purpose Ubiquitous penetration of the internet fuelled by the interactive nature of digital media has created a new genre of entrepreneurs who leverage social media to propel their businesses. This study aims to explore the transformation of one such digital entrepreneurial cohort: Food YouTubers (YTs), who have metamorphosed from being mere content creators to entrepreneurs in the context of an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach The authors invoke a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach to unravel the entrepreneurial transition process. A combination of personal interviews and open-ended surveys is used to collect relevant data from 14 digital entrepreneurs. The transcripts are analysed to extract meaningful codes and themes. Findings The study shows that these entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and readiness to meet the real-time demands of their customers made their ventures a runaway success. This is the first study to target food YTs in India, an emerging economy. While the study is exploratory in nature, it provides basic insights into the transition of a novel group of influencers into entrepreneurs. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to analyse the transition of YouTube influencers into entrepreneurs in emerging economies, as it relies more on entrepreneurial activities for their economic and social well-being.

Is medical school culture conducive to women’s academic success? a survey on faculty perceptions and experiences of gender equity

BackgroundIn academic medicine, the lack of gender equity hinders the career progression of women academics. This can often affect scientific productivity and widen the gender gap that exists in this field. As such, this study aimed to understand how full-time faculty members in academic medicine perceive the climate for women academics and identify target areas for interventions supporting gender equity.MethodsThis study adopted an embedded mixed-methods design. Data collection was done from November 2022 to January 2023, at the National University of Singapore (NUS) School of Medicine. The participants comprised academic clinicians and non-clinician faculty members who were either currently employed full-time at the NUS School of Medicine or had recently resigned. They completed an adapted version of the Culture Conducive to Women’s Academic Success (CCWAS) questionnaire, which assessed their perceptions of the faculty climate across four domains: equal access, work-life balance, freedom from gender bias, and supportive leadership. Quantitative findings were complemented by qualitative data gathered through open-ended survey questions. ANOVA and t-test were used to analyse the quantitative data, and content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsCompared to female participants (M = 140.0, SD = 57.9), male participants perceived greater gender equity (M = 158.7, SD = 62.9). Personal experiences of gender inequity were described by some female participants. Participants also raised various suggestions to improve work-life balance for both male and female faculty members, mitigate structural gender bias and increasing support for women faculty.ConclusionsFemale faculty members tend to have a less favourable view of the working climate for women in academic medicine, compared to their male counterparts. This might be attributed to differences in awareness of gender inequity and understanding of gender bias. Findings of this study provided further insight into the perceptions of faculty members regarding workplace gender equity and interventions that can be implemented to support them in their career.Trial registrationEthical approval was obtained from the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board (NUS-IRB-2022-325).

Perceived Authenticity in Corporate Social Advocacy: Conceptualization and Measurement Scale Development

ABSTRACT This study aims to define perceived authenticity in corporate social advocacy (CSA) and develop the measurement scale of the concept. For conceptualization, this study reviewed multidisciplinary literature and conducted an open-ended survey. Based on the understanding of the concept, a set of measurement items was developed and assessed. A measurement scale model of perceived authenticity in CSA was formally specified as a formative first-order and reflective second-order model and examined in three survey studies. Study 1 (N = 380) was conducted to evaluate the measurement items. The refined measures were then assessed for reliability and validity using a new sample in Study 2 (N = 387). Study 3 (N = 488) served to validate the measurement scale, demonstrating sound reliability and validity. Through these processes, this study proposed a final measurement model of perceived authenticity in CSA, which includes four dimensions – truthfulness, persistence, commitment, and congruence – with 23 measures. Theoretical and practical implications for public relations research and practice are further discussed.

Exploring Water Supply Challenges to Selected Villages of Greater Giyani Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Limpopo Province faces significant water access challenges, with one-third of its population lacking sufficient domestic water supply. This study examines water access and supply-related challenges in selected villages in the Greater Giyani Municipality (GGM), which suffers from severe water shortages due to persistent drought. In 2008, water levels in the Nsami and Middle Letaba Dams dropped below 5% and 6%, respectively. An open-ended questionnaire survey of 638 households was conducted in 2021, and hydroclimatic data were used to achieve the aim of the study. The analysis revealed that the main water supply sources in GGM are boreholes, communal taps, bulk water through in-house connections, and water vendors. The estimated water demand for the selected villages is 3,230,600 L per day, while the total water supply is only 1,796,676 L per day, resulting in a 44.38% deficit. The questionnaire survey identified two key challenges: unreliable municipal water supply and a lack of access to water within 200 m of households. The study recommends prioritizing water management strategies, such as demand management, groundwater development, and supply innovations, to meet domestic water needs.

Beyond the Flutie Factor

One of the effects of intercollegiate athletic success that has been commonly studied is the impact success has on the overall institution. The increase in the quantity and quality of applicants to higher education institutions is commonly referred to as the “Flutie factor.” This is a reference to Boston College’s Doug Flutie, whose famous pass in a 1984 football game contributed to a victory over University of Miami. To revisit and expand this phenomenon, a qualitative research design was implemented to determine the role of athletics success in student applications and attendance at North Dakota State University. An open-ended survey was sent to incoming, out-of-state freshmen at the university. Results were analyzed for themes beginning with awareness and then identifying other impacts athletics success had on their application and ultimately attending NDSU. The authors determined that athletic success played a role in initial awareness, decision to attend, and community and student engagement. The Flutie factor is a known effect of athletic success, and these results further the understanding of the phenomenon, resulting in key implications in utilizing athletic success to increase applications, enrollment, retention, and financial success.

‘Is There Anything Else You’d Like to Tell Us About Your Experience?’ Orientations Towards Listening to Open-Ended Survey Responses

While survey research design tends to prioritise closed questions with predetermined responses, many surveys conclude with an open-ended ‘anything else you would like to tell us?’ question. This question, designed to elicit feedback or create opportunities for respondents to share additional information, offers significant potential for insight into respondents’ experiences. Yet, the extent to which these open-ended data are listened to remains opaque. In this article, we outline and reflect on our approach to a reflexive thematic analysis of responses to an open-ended survey question, to foreground listening. Drawing on responses ( n = 1746) from a national survey of informal carers in Australia, we explore how the final ‘anything else?’ style question of a survey offers scope for fostering ongoing engagement (via survey feedback and context), recognising less visible experiences (through detailed personal accounts), and attending to respondents’ needs (via calls for attention and action). We discuss our approach to sociological listening, and the practicalities therein, including experiences of discomfort, and the challenges of responding to responses. In doing so, we argue that engagement with the data derived from open-ended survey responses is not only fruitful for generating feedback and contextualisation within self-administered survey design, but that such data also hold considerable opportunities for meaningful listening, particularly in contexts where respondents lack recognition and visibility.

Pedagogical Competence of General English Teachers in Teaching English for Medical Purposes in the KSA: Myth or Reality

This study investigates the gap between General English Teachers' (GETs) assumed ability to teach English for Medical Purposes (EMP) and their mismatched qualifications in Saudi Arabia. It explores the underdevelopment of the EMP sector, where GETs often lack proper training and resources. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and open-ended surveys. The participants include three medical professors (MPs), five experienced EMP teachers (EMP Ts), and twenty-one GETs. The focus is on uncovering the pedagogical needs for GETs to teach EMP effectively. The findings reveal a significant discrepancy between assumed competence, preparedness and actual performance of GETs. This highlights the need for professional development programs focusing on the pedagogy of ESP and EMP, along with curriculum and instructional design, to equip GETs with the necessary skills and knowledge for successful EMP instruction. The findings also highlight the need for curriculum revision and improved needs assessment. By identifying these needs, the research aims to contribute to improved EMP teaching in Saudi Arabia. This study will assist policymakers and educators in creating a more effective system, for preparing future healthcare professionals with the essential English language skills required for success.

Enhancing Primary Care by Investing in Interprofessional Education: The SPLICE Project.

The System-transforming, Patient centered Longitudinal Interprofessional Community-based Education (SPLICE) Initiative was a Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funded project designed to educate and train health professions learners in team-based primary care within a clinical environment. The SPLICE project team developed multiple learning activities including case studies and simulations that integrated the IPEC Core Competencies within clinical scenarios. The interprofessional aspects were also modeled by faculty facilitators from different professions. Each activity was thoroughly evaluated by the learners using mixed methods processes including data from retrospective pretest-posttest self-assessments, open-ended surveys, and focus groups. Faculty, staff, and learners invested countless hours of volunteer time due to the enthusiasm and passion for the work supported with HRSA funding to implement and evaluate the SPLICE initiative. Outcomes include the development of an enhanced primary care simulation template; the creation of 21 unique primary care simulations that integrated the IPEC competencies; improved confidence and competence in over 700 learners; over 110 faculty trained in simulation and debriefing skills; clinical skills training for Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) staff; improved quality improvement processes at a local FQHC; and a high rate of retention of the graduates in primary care. This project demonstrated a significant return on the investment beyond the initial HRSA funding.

A Content Analysis of Cancer-Related Changes in Perceptions of Self, Relationships, and Health Among LGBTQI+ Cancer Survivors Across the Life Course: Findings From OUT: The National Cancer Survey.

The LGBTQI+population makes up at least 7.6% of the US population. LGBTQI+populations are at increased risk of experiencing LGBTQI+-related discrimination and cis-heteronormativity in healthcare leading to poorer health outcomes throughout the cancer care continuum. We aimed to explore LGBTQI+cancer survivors' perspectives of how cancer has changed their perceptions of self and relationships using data from OUT: The National Cancer Survey. We conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis of responses to four open-ended questions from OUT: The National Cancer Survey. Data were collected from September 2020 to April 2021. Eligible participants were 18years of age or older at time of survey, had been previously diagnosed with cancer, identified as LGBTQI+, and currently lived in the US. Open-ended survey questions asked about the impact of cancer on LGBTQI+cancer survivors' perceptions of self and relationships. To maximize inter-rater reliability, 20% of the survey responses were double coded. Chi-squared tests assessed differences in changes across the life-course. Of the participants in the OUT survey (N=2382), 86.9% (N=2069) provided responses to at least one of the four open-ended questions. The content analysis sample participants were primarily aged 40-59 (39.3%) and 60-79 (49.4%), gay (54.7%), cisgender men (59.4), White (89.7%), and not on active treatment (77.4%). A total of 5179 codes were applied to the 2069 responses. A total of 5 overarching categories and 18 sub-categories were identified. Themes included: (1) changes in perceptions of self; (2) changes to relationships; (3) changes to health and (4) LGBTQI+specific unmet needs. The most commonly reported categories were changes in perceptions of self (77%, n=1593) and changes to health (47%, n=972). Most cancer-related changes were more frequently reported by young adult survivors. This content analysis illuminates the unique challenges that the LGBTQI+population faces while navigating through the cancer care continuum.

Expectations vs. Abilities: Bridging the Gap

The purpose of this grounded theory study which applies qualitative techniques, using open-ended interviews and surveys, is to address the problem that businesses lack efficient and effective work production due to entry-level employees not being adequately prepared. The specific purpose is to understand what deficits currently exist between demands and abilities, and what can be done to eliminate those. While there is always some on-the-job training, having this knowledge will fill the current gap in the literature and better prepare entry-level practitioners. While this study looks specifically at accounting students, it can be applied to all areas of business.

A Study on Student Failure in Dzongkha Examinations at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School in Thimphu Distri

Abstract: This research aims to explore the reasons behind student failure in the Dzongkha examination for Classes IV-X at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School in the Thimphu District. Despite attempts to improve academic performance, a notable portion of students find it challenging to get passing marks in this important subject. This study adopted a mixed method approach with quantitative data analysis of sixteen Likert scale items, interviews, and three open-ended qualitative survey items with students, and teachers. The primary findings indicate that insufficient language skills, lack of interest, ineffective teaching methods, inadequate learning resources, and inconsistent learning text are the main factors contributing to students’ poor performance in this subject. The objective of this study is to offer perspectives that can guide educational strategies and approaches to enhance student performance in Dzongkha and cultivate a more encouraging learning atmosphere at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School.

고등학교 장애학생 대학생활체험 프로그램에 대한 예비과학교사의 서비스러닝 운영 사례

This paper presents a field research case applying service-learning pedagogy for a university life experience program targeted at high school students with disabilities, conducted at J University in 2022 and 2023. The study involved open-ended surveys and reflective journals from participating high school students, supervising teachers, guardians, and educational support staff (mentors in service-learning). The findings of the study are as follows. The educational satisfaction of students with disabilities who participated in the program was very high. Students were able to experience the possibilities of college admission and career exploration through major experiences, mentoring, and the support of service-learning mentors. The pre-service science teachers who participated as mentors had very high expectations for the program and were satisfied with the class operation. They reported learning new things while preparing to lead and teach students with disabilities, thereby developing core competencies such as sharing, caring, and a sense of community essential for future society. In particular, pre-service science teachers viewed this as a great opportunity to foster mutual benefit in service-learning classes, practical pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and self-efficacy in their teaching profession. Participants expressed a desire for this program to be a long-term special program at the university, continuing beyond high school graduation as part of transition education for students with disabilities. Moreover, it was suggested that the role of educational support staff should extend beyond ensuring safety and care for students with disabilities to fostering mutual benefit and sustainable development. This study proposes that service-learning is an effective teaching and learning method with long-term benefits.

Promoting psychological safety in simulation using a novel visual tool: A mixed-methods quasi-experimental study

BackgroundPsychological safety is imperative for effective simulation-based learning within healthcare education, yet it is challenging for educators to establish. A visual tool, “Simulation Tool to Enhance Psychological Safety” (STEPS) was incorporated into simulation-based activities for prelicensure nursing students to support (or strengthen) psychological safety. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the STEPS tool on psychological safety during simulated learning for prelicensure nursing students. DesignThis study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design using a mixed-methods approach. MethodSTEPS was implemented in 12 simulation activities throughout a semester at a School of Nursing located in the southeastern United States. The Psychological Safety in High Fidelity Simulation Scale was utilized as a pretest-posttest survey; open-ended survey responses and focus groups were collected at the end of the last simulated experience of the term. Results51 prelicensure nursing students participated. Students' perceptions of psychological safety improved post the STEPS intervention. Qualitative data also revealed that they found STEPS valuable for enhancing learning from mistakes, support, comfort, and confidence. Students had different perceptions of how often STEPS needed to be explained. ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that incorporating STEPS into simulated learning experiences as a visual reminder for students and faculty promotes a safe and supportive environment, which helps students redefine mistakes as learning opportunities. This tool may be used as part of a multi-pronged approach to promoting psychological safety. Further testing with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Does ChatGPT help or hinder education? Exploring its benefits, challenges, student guilt, and the need for educator training

ABSTRACT The advent of ChatGPT in educational settings has sparked ongoing debate about whether it serves as an innovative tool or a disruptive force. This study contributes to this discourse by offering a balanced exploration of the advantages and challenges of integrating ChatGPT into education, considering both student and educator perspectives. Additionally, we analyze whether students feel guilty using it and investigate the reasons behind such guilt. From the educators’ viewpoint, the study goes beyond assessing ChatGPT’s pros and cons by identifying the institutional training necessary for its effective integration into teaching. Using a qualitative approach, we gathered narratives through an open-ended online survey, and inductive content analysis revealed key benefits, drawbacks, the reasons behind student guilt, and educators’ training needs across secondary and higher education. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of ChatGPT’s impact on education and offer guidance for its responsible use.

Disaster vulnerability of the construction industry: comparing impacts of hurricanes and the COVID-19 pandemic on Florida construction companies

This research tests differences in construction company vulnerability to disaster events based on theoretical differences across hazard types and unique economic vulnerabilities within the sector. The authors conducted an online survey of construction companies in Florida who experienced both the pandemic and a recent hurricane to compare their impacts and experiences through rank and proportion testing of Likert-scale measures and analysis of open-ended survey responses. Survey results showed greater material, labour and equipment costs and procurement challenges and number of contractual disputes during the pandemic compared to after hurricanes. The results also showed differences in post-disaster demand, number of contracts, and revenue based on company size, sector, and project specialization, though results varied across the pandemic and hurricanes. Lastly, the study found that significantly more construction companies applied for and received government assistance during the pandemic, which took the form of wage subsidies rather than traditional disaster loans, though written responses suggest that small construction companies may have been more hesitant to use government funding. The results of this study can help construction companies understand differences in impact across disaster types and better prepare them for the increasing frequency, severity, and complexity of natural hazards in the future.

Leveraging Human-Centered Design to Promote Community-Level Antiracism Efforts: A Pilot Study of the Innovation Change Lab

ABSTRACT The present study piloted Innovation Change Lab (ICL), a novel intervention to promote antiracism and human-centered design (HCD) in a rural community. Data included (1) a pre- and post-survey of antiracist attitudes; (2) post-workshop feedback surveys, and (3) a focus group at the end of the training. Participants (n = 14) identified their race as White (n = 7), Latine (n = 3), Multiracial (n = 1); and their genders as cisgender women (n = 12) and cisgender men (n = 2). Attitude change was analyzed using one-tailed t-tests. Qualitative analysis of open-ended survey questions and focus group data was conducted using content analysis. Participants reported that, with some exceptions, the curriculum was feasible and acceptable. They reported increasing their knowledge about antiacism concepts and critical racial consciousness. ICL showed evidence of shifting individual attitudes toward antiracism and increasing one’s confidence in taking action on social justice. Learning about microaggressions, cross-group discussions about socialization and race, and conducting empathy interviews with folks impacted by racism were the most impactful aspects of the curriculum. Challenges arose around taking action to change systems implicated in sustaining racism. Despite challenges, findings suggest HCD may offer strategies to support intra- and inter-personal change necessary to move toward antiracist action.

A new normal in primary care: the rapid normalization of a major eHealth program in public health centers

BackgroundThis study aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the context, mechanisms and outcomes in the implementation process of an eHealth video consultation program in primary care. The study focused on how the program is normalized in the primary care setting. The primary research question for this study is “in what ways is the implementation of video consultation normalized in primary care?”.MethodsThe qualitative design and content analysis of primary data from the transcripts were based on in-depth interviews, complemented with free-text answers to open-ended survey questions and various documents. The study focuses on the large-scale implementation of the public eHealth program Närhälsan Online, which represents more than 100 health centers in Sweden’s largest region of Västra Götaland. Multiagent perspectives on how the program is normalized were drawn from expressed perceptions by professions directly linked to both strategic and functional implementation, as well as administration and clinical operation.ResultsThis study both confirms and enhances the field with a theoretical contribution in six ways to the reviewed previous research, as well as showing practical implications. It also provides multi-agent perspectives on the rapid normalization of the implementation program studied.ConclusionsIn relation to the rapid progression of different initiatives in eHealth, this study contributes to perspectives on specific challenges as expressed by professions directly linked to both strategic and functional implementation as well as administration and clinical operation.

Woven: the intersections of disability and doctoral study, and the lives of students who navigate these intersections

Purpose This paper aims to understand the experiences of disabled doctoral students at one Aotearoa New Zealand University, identifying barriers to accessibility and meaningful participation, and enabling practices. Design/methodology/approach This research was underpinned by the social model of disability and used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. A survey comprising closed and freeform questions was distributed to all doctoral students. From the 64 respondents, 12 also took part in an unstructured, narrative interview. Data were analysed using a combination of methods: descriptive statistics, thematic analysis and poetic inquiry. Findings Findings are presented mainly as data poetry. The poems centre on complexities faced by disabled doctoral students, and articulate challenges, enabling practices and possibilities for the future encountered by students in this study. Findings are additionally supported with quotes from narrative interviews, open-ended survey questions and descriptive data analysis. Originality/value The poetic inquiry approach gives voice to the collective experiences of disabled students. The poetic texts bear witness to the intersections of disability, impairment, chronic illness, neurodiversity and doctoral study, and the lives of students who navigate these intersections. These poems voice and seek to be lightning-rods for social change.

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF WEB-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING (WBLL) THROUGH WRITE & IMPROVE ON WRITING SKILLS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

This study examines the impact of Web-Based Language Learning (WBLL) using the program Write & Improve on secondary school students' writing skills at SM St. Michael, Penampang, using the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). The study sought to investigate students' perspectives and impact in writing through guided practice and feedback. The technique used a two-cycle action research design that included both writing activities and open-ended surveys to collect information about students' writing performance and perceptions. Initial studies revealed that students struggled with the tool's UI and feedback mechanisms, restricting their development throughout the first cycle. However, significant increases were seen in the second cycle, with students obtaining higher CEFR bands and showing a greater grasp of feedback. Surveys revealed high satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of Write & Improve, despite some technical issues and occasional inaccuracies in feedback. The study emphasizes the significance of teacher participation, as SCT and Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) indicate that directed learning and feedback can improve student outcomes. Researchers should conduct longitudinal investigations and perform different demographic testing. For educators, the findings emphasize optimal practices for incorporating WBLL technologies into instruction. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about digital learning aids as well as providing ideas for better writing teaching through technology.

Empowering primary care physicians in child and adolescent psychiatry: a needs assessment on collaborative care in Dubai.

Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders pose significant public health concerns necessitating prompt intervention. Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a critical role as initial points of contact, facilitating early detection, management, and referral of these conditions. In Dubai, integrating mental health services into primary care faces unique challenges, highlighting the need for systemic reforms and enhanced PCP training. This study investigated perceptions, barriers, and systemic challenges encountered by PCPs in managing child and adolescent psychiatric conditions in Dubai's primary care setting. It also assessed family physicians' involvement and preparedness in this domain. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a survey among family physicians in Dubai Health facilities and analyzed patient data from family medicine clinics. The survey evaluated formal training, preparedness, encounter frequency, and referral patterns for psychiatric care in young patients. Qualitative insights from open-ended survey questions provided additional understanding of specific challenges. Findings revealed significant gaps in formal training, with only 33.3% of respondents trained in child and adolescent psychiatry during medical education, and 21.1% participating in Continuing Medical Education (CME). A majority (54.4%) of PCPs felt unprepared to manage psychiatric care in young patients. Patient data analysis showed a predominance of male patients (59.9%) and identified Autism Spectrum Disorder (43.1%) as the most common condition, emphasizing the reliance on specialized care through a high referral rate (63.1%). Major barriers included time constraints, limited psychiatric knowledge, resistance to mental health services, systemic and structural issues, communication challenges, and resource shortages. Enhanced training and systemic reforms are urgently needed to integrate mental health services effectively into Dubai's primary care. Implementing structured collaborative care models, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and addressing systemic barriers are crucial for improving child and adolescent psychiatric condition management. These initiatives promise better patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare resource utilization.