Open Discussion Research Articles

Dyadic advance care planning: systematic review of patient–caregiver interventions and effects

IntroductionFamily caregiver’s involvement in advance care planning (ACP) is essential to provide high-quality end-of-life (EOL) care and to ease the surrogate decision-making burden. However, no systematic review has focused on...

Stalking Discourse on Reddit: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Using Big Data.

Stalking, a widespread and distressing phenomenon, has recently garnered considerable attention. The advent of digital platforms has revolutionized the landscape of stalking, presenting new avenues and challenges for research. However, the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic on stalking remains underexplored, despite extensive studies on similar crimes such as intimate partner violence and domestic violence. To address this gap, our study focused on Reddit, a prominent online platform with a diverse user base and open discussion. Through an analysis of posts from the subreddit (https://www.reddit.com/r/Stalking/), we sought to compare the discourse on stalking before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We found notable shifts in stalking-related posts before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with the emergence of new topics centered on cyberstalking. We also observed that the experiences of stalking victims have significantly changed following the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we discussed the implications for policies to help stalking victims.

Power over fiber in radio access networks: 5G and beyond

This paper introduces the concept of power over fiber (PoF) and potential applications envisioned in radio access networks with optical fronthauling using different types of optical fibers. It is an open discussion on exploring PoF technology with current experiments integrating analog radio over fiber using 5G-NR signals in compliance with 3GPP, PoF, and monitoring techniques and general requirements in future deployments along with its potential to be part of the energy efficiency strategy in beyond 5G networks.

Launching Cost-effective Virtual Escape Rooms as a Tool for FormativeAssessment

: This paper describes an innovative tool for formative assessment. This involves designing and implementing a Virtual Escape Room for students of Master’s in Health Professions Education (MHPE) at Gulf Medical University. Escape Room is a type of game-based education where players are constrained in a room, and they must solve a series of interconnected challenges in the form of puzzles or riddles to escape the room. Escape rooms are proved to be innovative and engaging learning strategies, although they are resource intensive. We developed cost-effective virtual escape room with the help of Google Workspace tools. Two cycles of escape rooms were conducted on different courses in similar fashion. Questions were based on the learning objectives of selected courses of Master’s in Health Professions Education. These tools were interconnected and revolved around a captivating storyline. Twelve students were grouped into teams of four and were subjected to the game. They played as teams on a smart device for a time duration of ten minutes. Post-activity students were given feedback on their performance on questions and on team-based skills. Students were then engaged in open discussion on their experience, and this was documented for analysis. They also gave feedback on google forms. Analysis of feedback revealed that escape room enhanced students’ engagement and motivation towards learning. It helped foster leadership and team-building skills along with effectively recalling the learned concepts. In addition, students learned to handle stress when faced with challenges. Faculty, on the other hand, developed the skills to plan and execute a unique learning activity. We continue to learn from this experience and will explore further opportunities to expose students and faculty to such engaging and unique learning activities.

Addressing the elephant in the room: engaging students in ChatGPT conversations on assessments

ABSTRACT The development of technology presents opportunities and challenges for the education system. This study investigates the integration of ChatGPT into higher education, focusing on tourism studies. Using a duoethnography approach, the study explores the experiences of two tourism educators who incorporate ChatGPT into their pedagogy and assessment methods. Results reveal that acknowledging students’ mixed responses towards ChatGPT encourages open discussions, while collaborative efforts in creating and assessing AI-driven assignments significantly enhance the learning process. Moreover, encouraging students to utilise ChatGPT responsibly promotes a sense of stewardship and ethical awareness, collectively enhancing educational experiences. The study presents key propositions for the effective incorporation of ChatGPT into higher education, along with practical implications for educators to leverage the potential of generative AI to enrich student learning experiences. It highlights the importance of adapting technological advancements while upholding ethical and pedagogical standards, offering insights into the effective use of AI in academic contexts.

Education Program in Astronomy for the Community in Banjar City

The educational program integrating falak science with astronomy is designed to increase interest and understanding of science among students in Banjar City. Through interactive and practical approaches, this program aims to develop students' analytical and scientific skills. The program's implementation involves a series of workshops including direct celestial observations using telescopes and computer simulations, as well as group discussions. Evaluation, conducted using pre-test and post-test questionnaires and open discussions, shows a significant increase in students' understanding and interest in Falak science and astronomy. The average understanding score increased by 22 points (44%), and the interest in further study increased by 40%. This program not only provides academic benefits but also equips students with practical skills and a broader understanding of the world around them.

Employee retention a top priority and what if it doesn’t work: Time to look at an ideal notice period

BACKGROUND: With Big Resignations on and the job hopping trend difficult to stop, HR needs to arrive at a less frustrating and more relevant approach that can curtail employee turnover in the first place and arrive at a mutually beneficial approach for both parties in case they decide to depart. The turnover intentions of employees are an outcome of uncertainty at work, toxic work culture, lack of appropriate work-life balance, stagnation in career, lack of mental well-being or improper monetary compensation. It also is influenced by the work experience of employees within the organization and trust at the workplace. When an employee decides to quit, he is already mentally gone, here it becomes even more critical to ensure that they stay relatively engaged during the transition so as to ensure effective knowledge transfer. Within the given context, what should be the duration of a notice period? How can organizations ensure a win- win approach for both employer and employee so as to ensure effective knowledge transfer? The paper is an attempt towards exploring this aspect further so as to arrive at a mutually beneficial approach both from the employer and employee perspective. OBJECTIVE: With an objective to review the ‘process and mindset’ which are often counterproductive when an employee responds to dissatisfaction at work, the paper aims to look at the ideal duration of a notice period and the context in which it works best. METHODOLOGY: Based on a mini thematic review and using a qualitative approach, the paper explores the current trends, challenges and implications of big resignations to HR as well the problems associated with the different duration of a notice period. An empirical attestation of the study can further validate the feasibility of a notice period that varies across jobs, organizations, industry and levels. It can further be validated empirically the impact of “open discussions about career transitions and job opportunities as less taboo” at workplace on employee engagement of people while on notice period as well employee retention in organizations. RESULTS: Employees need to be engaged even during their notice period, which may be possible only by ensuring a culture that promotes honest and open dialogues between employer and employee without any fear of reprisal when they are vocal about being unhappy in their jobs. An ideal notice need not be a ninety days, two months or two weeks period but has to vary across jobs, organizations and industry depending on the experience; job role; seniority; technicality; industry; availability of a person ready to take charge; or even period of employment of the leaving employee with the organization. The notice period works best i.e. ensures effective knowledge transfer within a workplace setting where job prospects or career transitions are considered less taboo and where the different reactions to dissatisfaction at work (EVLN) are handled through a ‘culture of open communication’, problem solving through ‘Happy, Present, Engaged’ conversations, “Training towards receiving & giving feedback and a ‘smooth transition’ in case the employee decides to quit.

EXPERT-ANALYTICAL PRODUCT: APPROACHES TO FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT OF POLITICAL SECURITY

The article is devoted to the unification of approaches to the analysis of the public information environment, as well as the coordination of efforts to counter information aggression on a decentralized basis. The purpose of the study is to establish the main features and principles of the formation of an expert-analytical product within the framework of strengthening the security capacity of Ukrainian society. The value of a quick asymmetric information response in the form of discrediting the source, disavowing the information provided and/or using errors or mistakes in the information provided to one’s advantage is characterized. It was emphasized that the targeting of political and security content should also take into account the socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics (data) of the community to which the information is directed. The creativity of the expert-analytical security product is analyzed, which means a creative approach to counter hostile informational provocations and invasions. The importance of the principle of responsiveness, which means the compliance of the appearance of content with time dimensions and the requirements of the political and security situation, is revealed. It was found that the appearance of expert political and security materials should precede the events, be carried out according to the plan of media events, as well as within the framework of crisis situations. It was revealed that the empirical nature of the expert-analytical product involves the use of various models for assessing threats to political security. It is proven that the development of various scenarios of expert public content contributes to the development of the political situation in the future in the desired direction. It has been established that the expert-analytical product of public direction (reports, assessments, analytical summaries, etc.) should not only be broadcast in an accessible (understandable) language. It is assumed that the complexity and completeness of information means its completeness in terms of known and unknown facts. It has been established that the value neutrality of communication messages means avoiding the promotion of ideological messages and motivational components, except when such materials are not included in special promotions and operations. It was found that open discussion leaves the possibility of the information consumer to interactively interact with the text of the message and data. It was concluded that a promising direction of information security activity is asymmetric action in relation to operational massive support of political actions of hostile power institutions on the international arena.

Can ChatGPT Be a Certified Accountant? Assessing the Responses of ChatGPT for the Professional Access Exam in Portugal

Purpose: From an exploratory perspective, this paper aims to assess how well ChatGPT scores in an accounting proficiency exam in Portugal, as well as its overall understanding of the issues, purpose and context underlying the questions under assessment. Design/methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental method is used in this study. The questions from an exam by the Portuguese Order of Chartered Accountants (OCC, in the Portuguese acronym) served as input queries, while the responses (outputs) from ChatGPT were compared with those from the OCC. Findings: The findings indicate that ChatGPT’s responses were able to deduce the primary issue underlying the matters assessed, although some responses were inaccurate or imprecise. Also, the tool did not have the same score in all matters, being less accurate in those requiring more professional judgment. The findings also show that the ChatGPT did not pass the exam, although it was close to doing so. Originality: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is little research on ChatGPT accuracy in accounting proficiency exams, this being the first such study in Portugal. Practical implications: The findings from this research can be useful to accounting professionals to understand how ChatGPT may be used for practitioners, stressing that it could assist them and improve efficiency, but cannot, at least for now, replace the human professional. It also highlights the potential use of ChatGPT as an additional resource in the classroom, encouraging students to engage in critical thinking and facilitating open discussion with the guidance of teachers. Consequently, it can also prove beneficial for academic purposes, aiding in the learning process.

P-470 How much do the general population know regarding the menstrual cycle and conception?

Abstract Study question How much do the general population know regarding the menstrual cycle and conception? Summary answer There is a lack of basic knowledge regarding key menstrual cycle and conception facts which could lead to missed reproductive opportunities. What is known already Although the human menstrual cycle is a “normal” biological process, stigma remains regarding open discussion of periods, and there is limited research surrounding the public understanding of the menstrual cycle and conception. Infertility rates are rising globally. With people commencing a family later in life, it is essential that the knowledge needed to make informed decisions regarding conception is prevalent. The primary aim of this study was to determine the general populations’ knowledge regarding the menstrual cycle and conception. Study design, size, duration A prospective, voluntary, anonymous, self-completed ethically approved questionnaire was distributed internationally online via various social media platforms over a period of 3 months. Participants/materials, setting, methods In total, 676 fully completed questionnaires were analysed. 84.9% of participants identified as female, 13.5% identified as male, and a small remainder of the participants identified as non-binary (1.6%). Most participants were white (87%), lived in the UK (92%) and had a university education (62.1%). 12% of the respondents were healthcare workers of any type and 31.7% had biological children. Main results and the role of chance Female participants selected correct answers at higher rates than both males and non-binary participants for 88.9% of the questions. No differences in correct answers were seen when people with and without children were compared and those with university education versus those without. Some questions received a high number of correct answers by all participants; ‘What is menopause?’ (98.8% correct), ‘What does PMS stand for?’ (86% correct), ‘How many days does the average menstrual cycle last?” (89.2% correct), ‘Is it possible to get pregnant on your period?’ (77.4% correct). Whereas other questions were answered poorly by most participants; ‘How many days per month, on average is it possible to get pregnant?’ (40.9% correct), ‘What counts as the first day of a new menstrual cycle?’ (54.71% correct), and ‘How many days does the average period last?’ (56% correct). Limitations, reasons for caution The majority of participants were white, lived in the UK and the questionnaire was accessed through an online medium. Responses from non-white participants, outside of the UK and from those without access to the internet may have captured further themes in relation to the menstrual cycle and conception knowledge. Wider implications of the findings Increased education is urgently needed to ensure knowledge is sufficient for people to access healthcare when required and understand the principles of conception and fertility to fulfill or prevent when coveted. This data will facilitate the understanding that there is a need for sexual and reproductive education among the public. Trial registration number NA

Members’ Feedback After a Spiritual Group Psychotherapy for Inpatient, Residential, and Intensive Treatment (SPIRIT)

ABSTRACT Six hundred and fifty-four inpatients who participated in a spiritual group therapy intervention provided qualitative feedback regarding what helped them and what could be improved. Patients revealed that enjoying a sense of connection with other people and a sense of openness in the groups and simply talking about spirituality with other people was helpful to them. Many group members requested that groups go on for a longer amount of time than 12 sessions, to have longer sessions, and to have more frequent meetings. In addition, members described improvements that could be made to the group, including members’ being better screened, leaders preventing individual members from dominating discussions or from being quiet or leaving the group early, and members’ wanting more structure as well as more open discussion. The findings highlight the importance of connection, openness, and spirituality when implementing spiritual group interventions in hospital settings. Implications for future research, training, and clinical interventions are discussed.

Assessing environmental and market implications of steel decarbonisation strategies: a hybrid input-output model for the European union

As a key material for manufacturing clean energy technologies, steel is crucial for energy transition, but its production causes 2.6 Gton of CO2 emissions at global level each year. In 2020 the European Union (EU) set a net-zero emissions target by 2050, fostering innovation in the steel industry to reduce its environmental impact. However, a scenario-oriented and technologically comprehensive analysis assessing prospected environmental and market implications of steel decarbonisation strategies remains a gap, which is addressed in this paper. The analysis adopts a hybrid input-output-based life-cycle assessment model built in the MARIO framework, extending the Exiobase database to represent the supply chains of the most promising low-carbon steelmaking technologies in the EU, such as hydrogen- or charcoal-injected blast furnaces and natural gas- and hydrogen-based direct reduction routes. The penetration of these technologies is explored by formulating scenarios resembling European climate targets. The results show a reduction in the carbon footprint of steel across all scenarios, ranging up to −26% in 2030 and to −60% in 2050. However, the extent of footprint reduction is highly dependent on the share of clean electricity in the European supply mix, highlighting the relevance of holistic decarbonisation strategies. Economic implications affect steel prices, which rise up to 25% in 2030 and 56% in 2050, opening discussions on the need for suitable policies such as CBAM to avoid protectionism and encourage international technological progress.

The Role of Citizenship Education in Forming Legal Awareness for Adolescents

The role of Citizenship Education in forming legal awareness for teenagers in order to create a law-abiding society. Legal awareness helps individuals understand their rights and obligations and participate in law enforcement. Efforts to increase teenagers' legal awareness through citizenship education involve the integration of technology, criticism, open discussions, teacher training, legal counseling, legal reform, and law enforcement. Legal awareness and legal obedience are important in forming correct legal behavior, involving knowledge, attitudes and legal behavior patterns. Although Citizenship Education can help increase legal awareness in adolescents, challenges such as diverse interests, negative perceptions of the law, appropriate use of language, and connection to real life need to be addressed. Thus, citizenship education plays a key role in building the concept of law enforcement in the younger generation to prevent moral decline and face the challenges of globalization.

The Ethics of AI in Medical Research: A Call for Open and Honest Discussion

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is gaining rapid popularity in terms of its application and research. A significant reason for its success is due to the advances it has made and the ease of use it incorporates. Because of its implications, issues, and benefits in terms of ease, AI has been debated and researched extensively. This study examined the ethical dilemmas associated with artificial intelligence in medical research. The research uses a qualitative research method based on content analysis. Authentic Internet resources were used to collect secondary data. Once AI is fully integrated into healthcare, several ethical dilemmas will likely arise, including patient privacy, data security, algorithmically biased results, transparency, and human error. Minimizing ethical dilemmas with continuous monitoring is possible, but they cannot be eliminated. It is possible with the advancement of technology and AI enables it to imitate the cognitive processes of humans, which may enhance its reliability but can also lead to negative consequences. As a result, the new technological developments must be applied ethically. An open and honest discussion is essential for the awareness and understanding of AI ethics, honoring patient rights, and maintaining public trust.

충남지역의 19세기말 20세기초 사회운동의 통일교육적 시사 연구

The path to unification is in line with the Donghak Movement, the March 1st Movement, and the peaceful unification movement that must continue today. What can be further strengthened in the future is that the Donghak Movement and the Manse Movement that took place in South Chungcheong Province were a national social movement and at the same time a fierce resistance and peace movement of the independence movement against Japanese oppression. This path of independence is a path of national participation that is consistent with the path to unification today. In this sense, the fact that the spirit of the Unification Movement, the Donghak Revolutionary Movement, the Righteous Army Movement, the March 1st Movement, and the Singanhoe Movement continued to form local movements in the South Chungcheong region shows that the spirit of the local residents was based on long-term independence and independence. Therefore, although the division is prolonged, unification education can be continuously expanded for someday unification and a connection with open discussion can be found.

THE MUSLIM DIASPORA’S NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY IN KAMILA SHAMSIE’S HOME FIRE

The paper deals with Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire to explore the profound social and psychological aspects and identity conflicts Muslim immigrants face in the West, especially in Britain. The importance of this paper is to express the conflict that the Muslim expatriate experiences in his relationship with the West and explore the reasons that affect their tolerance and coexistence. The paper’s problem manifests in exploring significant facets of human interactions, including tolerance, the increasing migrations from Islamic nations to non-Muslim countries, and the challenges arising from identity, religion, and race, which expose migrants to significant perils. The Method uses a social theoretical framework that intersects with the psychological approach. It investigates how both the original and new environments affect character development and individuals' psychological, developmental, and cognitive dimensions in the Muslim Diaspora. It aims to understand the reasons behind involvement in terrorist organizations and also examines the citizenship rights of Muslim Diaspora members. Finally, the paper concludes by presenting the most prominent results, which collectively illustrate that the aggressive style of fiction has influenced the presence of paranoia in literary criticism, leading to an exaggeration of the crimes of others and justification of the self. This is not conducive to objective and neutral analysis, so adopting a more moderate and neutral approach is recommended to allow for open discussion and acceptance of differing viewpoints. This approach should address questions of identity and national belonging.

Performance Appraisal of Permanent Lok Adalat in Haryana: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study aims to examine the implementation of Haryana Legal Services Authority (HALSA) provisions, evaluate the functioning of Lok Adalats, assess the effectiveness of mediation centers alongside PLAs, review the process for granting free legal aid, and analyze the challenges faced by Permanent Lok Adalats in Haryana. This study employs a multistage sampling approach, including structured interviews with stakeholders, open discussions, and observations for primary data collection, alongside secondary sources like annual reports and published studies. Quantitative tools such as averages and percentages, as well as qualitative content analysis, were used for data analysis, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of PLA performance. The study finds that awareness of HALSA provisions is primarily driven by print and social media, with moderate overall awareness among respondents. Beneficiaries are generally satisfied with HLSA services, although improvements in accessibility and responsiveness are needed. PLA proceedings are viewed positively regarding information clarity and timeliness, but challenges persist in transparency, communication, and the handling of personal details. The study highlights the need for better infrastructure, enhanced awareness, and support mechanisms to ensure equal access to justice and effective dispute resolution by PLAs in Haryana.

The multiple faces of footshock punishment in animal research on addiction

Continued drug use despite negative consequences is a hallmark of addiction commonly modelled in rodents using punished drug intake. Over the years, addiction research highlighted two subpopulations of punishment sensitive and resistant animals. While helpful to interrogate the neurobiology of drug-related behaviors, these procedures carry some weaknesses that need to be recognized and eventually defused. Mainly focusing on footshock-related work, we will first discuss the criteria used to define punishment-resistant animals and how their relative arbitrariness may impact our findings. With the overarching goal of improving our interpretation of the punishment-resistant phenotype, we will evaluate how tailored punishment protocols may better apprehend resistance to punishment, and how testing the robustness of punishment resistance could yield new results and strengthen interpretations. Second, we will question whether and to what extent punishment sensitivity, as currently defined, is reflective of abstinence and suggest that punishment resistance is, in fact, a prerequisite to model abstinence from addiction. Again, we will examine how challenging the robustness of the punishment-sensitive phenotype may help to better characterize it. Finally, we will evaluate whether diminished relapse-like behavior after repeated punishment-induced abstinence could not only contribute to better understand the mechanisms of abstinence, but also uniquely model progressive recovery (i.e., after repeated failed attempts at recovery) which is the norm in people with addiction. Altogether, by questioning the strengths and weaknesses of our models, we would like to open discussions on the different ways we interpret punishment sensitivity and resistance and the aspects that remain to be explored.

Tuberculosis preventive treatment in eight SEAR countries – Current practices, implementation challenges and operations research priorities

ObjectivesCountries in the South East Asian region face similar challenges in control of infectious diseases. There is limited access to experiences and learnings of neighboring countries. The Indian Council - of Medical Research (ICMR) has established a Regional Enabler for the South-East Asia Research Collaboration for Health (RESEARCH) Platform for South East Asian Region (SEAR) countries to address the above issues. This paper discusses about current practices, implementation challenges and operations research priorities of Tuberculosis Preventive therapy (TPT) in eight SEAR countries. MethodsA three day workshop on “Capacity Building for TB Research under Programmatic Settings”. was conducted under the aegis of this RESEARCH platform jointly ICMR and the Union which was participated by eight SEAR countries. Data were collected from a semi-structured questionnaire prior to the workshop and open discussions during the workshop. ResultsThe various challenges faced for TPT implementation were broadly categorized as poor demand and low level of acceptance by the beneficiary, low level of acceptance to provide TPT among the providers, challenges in ruling out active TB, issues with supply and supply chain management of diagnostic tests and drugs. Many operations research priorities like person centric TPT driven models, capacity building for improving cascade of care for latent TB infection, health system strengthening and effective risk communication were identified. ConclusionFull implementation of the TPT guidelines requires focused attention and coordinated action from all stakeholders of the country to attain the full benefit of TB preventive therapy and the ultimate TB elimination goal.

Empowering Reflection and Reflective Writing in Medical Education

Reflection and reflective writing serve as integral components in medical education. They enable students to delve deeper into their experiences, fostering a profound understanding of clinical scenarios and patient interactions, nurturing self-awareness, critical thinking, and empathy. The term “reflection” carries multiple interpretations, all encapsulating the concept of understanding oneself and the surrounding environment to inform future behavior. In the realm of medical education, both students and medical teachers encounter challenges in navigating reflective practices, necessitating guidance and support throughout the process. Effective reflection between students and medical teachers in clinical settings requires adept navigation through potential difficulties in open discussions and managing the emotional impact. To address these challenges, medical teachers must possess heightened self-awareness and adaptability to cater to the diverse needs of individual students. Various models have offered frameworks to organize the reflective process, categorizing them into ‘iterative’ and ‘vertical’ approaches. Successful application involves a selective combination of elements from different models to customize reflective practices. Comprehending reflection and reflective writing is paramount for medical teachers as it empowers them to mentor students effectively, nurturing a culture of reflective practitioners. This fosters continual learning, ethical practice, and professional development among future healthcare professionals.