Open Data Network Research Articles

Wild ungulate density data generated by camera trapping in 37 European areas: first output of the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW)

The European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW) as part of the ENETWILD project, aims to improve the European capacity for monitoring wildlife populations, implementing international standards for data collection, providing guidance on wildlife density estimation, and finally, to promote collaborative, open data networks to develop wildlife monitoring, initially focusing on terrestrial wild mammals. This report presents density estimates for species that are widely distributed (wild boar (Sus scrofa), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus)) by following a standardised camera trapping (CT) protocol, in 48 areas from 28 different countries in Europe, during 2022. Density values are provided for 37 areas from 20 countries, while an additional 9 locations from 8 countries are currently completing the data analysis. The EOW involved different stakeholders over most European countries, which resulted for the first time in a number of reliable (known precision) wild ungulate density estimates, from areas representing different European bioregions. These estimates are the result of a collaborative effort from the network to apply practical systematic and rigorous protocols. The results presented from the first pilot campaign of the EOW cannot be used to accurately describe wildlife population gradients and trends at European level but can be used as first baseline data for future trend analyses. Our results show data gaps, but also provide relevant insights into some of the main drivers of demographic evolution of wild ungulate populations in Europe. We will expand and improve the EOW in the future to include more representative sites. The Agouti app, including photogrammetry methods to estimate CT detection zone size and animal speed of movement using a computer vision process proved useful to reduce the workload and to improve objectivity of measurements for REM method. We discuss the results obtained by the 2022 campaign in relation to the specific objectives of the EOW and propose the next steps.

Current Status and Future Plans for Surface Current Observation by HF Radar in the Southern Jeju

The southern strait of Jeju is a divergence point of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), and it is the starting point of the thermohaline circulation in the waters of the Korean Peninsula, affecting the size and frequency of marine disasters such as typhoons and tsunamis, and has a very important oceanographic impact, such as becoming a source of harmful organisms and radioactively contaminated water. Therefore, for an immediate response to these maritime disasters, real-time ocean observation is required. However, compared to other straits, in the case of southern Jeju, such wide area marine observations are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, surface current field of the southern strait of Jeju was calculated using High-Frequency radar (HF radar). the large surface current field is calculated, and post-processing and data improvement are carried out through APM (Antenna Pattern Measurement) and FOL (First Order Line), and comparative analysis is conducted using actual data. As a result, the correlation shows improvement of 0.4~0.7 and RMSE of about 1~19 cm/s. These high-frequency radar observation results will help solve domestic issues such as response to typhoons, verification of numerical models, utilization of wide area wave data, and ocean search and rescue in the future through the establishment of an open data network.

Mission accomplished? – 6 Years of InData - International open Database Network Structure for Sustainable Construction

InData (International open data network for sustainable construction) started in 2015 as a voluntary initiative with the goal to establish an International open Database Network Structure for construction products based on EPD (environmental product declaration) information. In 2022 InData can proof its results by its release of the InData network with international participating databases. A key precondition was offering and giving support for producing machine readable EPD/LCA (life cycle assessment) data in a harmonized data format. All participants of the InData Network have comitted to the format, including compliance rules. Beyond that, the works of InData have international significant relevance, as InData could implement its works in Standardization. And also, further key stakeholders have adopted the concept of an open database network structure. In this paper, the goals, results, and their relevance, as possible future key issues are presented.

Forecasting of Short-Term Load Using the MFF-SAM-GCN Model

Short-term load forecasting plays a significant role in the operation of power systems. Recently, deep learning has been generally employed in short-term load forecasting, primarily in the extraction of the characteristics of digital information in a single dimension without taking into account of the impact of external variables, particularly non-digital elements on load characteristics. In this paper, we propose a joint MFF-SAM-GCN to realize short-term load forecasting. First, we utilize a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network and One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) in parallel connection to form a multi-feature fusion (MFF) framework, which can extract spatiotemporal correlation features of the load data. In addition, we introduce a Self-Attention Mechanism (SAM) to further enhance the feature extraction capability of the 1D-CNN network. Then with the deployment of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), the external non-digital features such as weather, strength, and direction of wind, etc., are extracted. Moreover, the generated weight matrices are incorporated into the load features to enhance feature recognition ability. Finally, we exploit Bayesian Optimization (BO) to find the optimal hyperparameters of the model to further improve the prediction accuracy. The simulation is taken from our proposed model and six benchmark schemes by using the bus load dataset of the Shandong Open Data Network, China. The results show that the RMSE of our proposed MFF-SAM-GCN model is 0.0284, while the SMAPE is 9.453%,the MBE is 0.025, and R-squared is 0.989, which is better than the selected three traditional machine learning methods and the three deep learning models.

Bringing Digital Innovation Strategies and Entrepreneurship: The Business Model Canvas in Open Data Ecosystem and Startups

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze how actors in an open data ecosystem collaborate, as well as their activities, to generate value. Thirteen interviews were conducted with actors in the open data network. The information gathered was used to estimate how the existing ecosystem provides new entrepreneurial opportunities for entities who provide data and for those who utilize data. The business model canvas was used to analyze the findings, and the outcomes are represented from the perspective of each entity in the network. For the purpose of increasing open data’s value, a mind map was developed to show how the findings are connected in an attractive and easy-to-follow manner. Results show that even though there is a lot of interest in open data, a new type of business ecosystem is needed to make a win–win situation possible for everyone in the available data ecosystem. Many reasons and benefits were found in the interviews about why people want to be a part of the open data ecosystem. However, several obstacles must be thoroughly explored and overcome.

The Care Children Deserve

The Care Children Deserve

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Epidemic Information Disclosure on Screening Authenticity Information

In early 2020, the new coronavirus pneumonia (Referred to as COVID-19) spread rapidly throughout the country, which has a major impact on economic and social development. Timely and accurate disclosure of epidemic information will enhance the public’s ability to discriminate against false information. The influence mechanism of epidemic information disclosure on the identification of true and false information was studied, and the influencing factors of epidemic information disclosure were analyzed and studied under the framework of the "Technology-Organization-Environment" (TOE) model and the two-factor theory of driving factors and impeding factors. Combined with the relevant data from the Open Data Network of Shandong and Jinan and the attention of hot news events on the Internet since the outbreak of the epidemic, it is proposed that information disclosure is conducive to reasonably guiding the public attitude and enhancing the ability of information screening.

Insight-related beliefs and controllability appraisals contribute little to hallucinated voices: a transdiagnostic network analysis study

Hallucinated voices cause high levels of distress and disability. Current theories suggest that insight-related beliefs, about internal or external origin, perceived source location, and appraisals of controllability are important in mediating the impact of these experiences but previous findings have been mixed. We report two open code and open data network analytic studies of items in the Psychotic Symptoms Ratings Scale for auditory verbal hallucinations (PSYRATS-AH) in a large sample of patients with hallucinated voices to examine the network structure of items at (1) first assessment, and (2) differences over two consecutive assessments during a wait-list period. Networks were generated using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC) with node predictability. In Study 1 (N = 386), we report that insight-related items made a negligible contribution to hallucinated voices and the controllability appraisal made at most a modest contribution. Items relating to distress and negative content were the most central and most predicted by the wider network. In Study 2 (N = 204), we tested the longitudinal stability of the structure of hallucinated voices over a period of several months, finding a small change in total hallucination score and global strength but no clear evidence for an alteration in the structural relationship. The insight-related and controllability items remained as least influential over time. Insight-related beliefs and controllability appraisals may contribute less than previously thought to distressing hallucinated voices although we do not discount that other appraisals may remain important.

Analysing International Student Mobility Flows in Higher Education: A Comparative Study on European Countries

The analysis of the factors pulling and pushing students in a foreign country to complete their higher education is key for the implementation of university policies aimed at increasing the number of credits gained by students abroad and hence the degree of internationalisation of institutions. Consistent with previous studies, the present contribution examines the roles played by countries in the Erasmus student mobility flows by considering a joint strategy of analysis based on social network analysis and exploratory data analysis. First, data on Erasmus student exchanges among countries are gathered at macro-level from the European Union Open Data Portal and network data structures are analysed. Second, educational indicators from the Eurostat website are collected to describe the investments in higher education. The main findings suggest the presence of a core-periphery configuration in the student mobility network with few central countries in which the economic benefits and the investments in education seem to act as key elements for university attractiveness.

Digitalization of building LCA and international activities – in the context of German assessment system for sustainable building

In this paper it is shown how digitalization and the establishment of an online infrastructure for life cycle assessment (LCA) in the context of the assessment system for sustainable building (BNB) by the German government forms starting point for an open international data network, as brought forward by the activities of InData (“International Open Data Network for Sustainable Building”). The establishment of the ILCD+EPD data format for EPD, the provision of interfaces, the development of workflow structures, guidelines and rules, which are openly published, internationally allow to access data from several databases. All these aspects are subject of the InData activities, and are decisive for a harmonization of LCA for sustainable building. With this concept of digitalization the propagation of the use of environmental product declarations (EPD) in building LCA was enhanced, and also new applications for using EPD data are offered, e.g. in BIM or other context.

A Smart Decision System for Digital Farming

New technologies have the potential to transform agriculture and to reduce environmental impact through a green revolution. Internet of Things (IoT)-based application development platforms have the potential to run farm management tools capable of monitoring real-time events when integrated into interactive innovation models for fertirrigation. Their capabilities must extend to flexible reconfiguration of programmed actions. IoT platforms require complex smart decision-making systems based on data-analysis and data mining of big data sets. In this paper, the advantages are demonstrated of a powerful tool that applies real-time decisions from data such as variable rate irrigation, and selected parameters from field and weather conditions. The field parameters, the index vegetation (estimated using aerial images), and the irrigation events, such as flow level, pressure level, and wind speed, are periodically sampled. Data is processed in a decision-making system based on learning prediction rules in conjunction with the Drools rule engine. The multimedia platform can be remotely controlled, and offers a smart farming open data network with shared restriction levels for information exchange oriented to farmers, the fertilizer provider, and agricultural technicians that should provide the farmer with added value in the form of better decision making or more efficient exploitation operations and management.

Complementary realities: Public domain Internet measurements in the development of Canada’s universal access policies

As access to the Internet has become increasingly essential for social and economic participation, public domain Internet measurements have become indispensable for users to validate quality of service their network operator delivers and for policymakers to identify and address gaps in broadband infrastructure. This article evaluates public domain Internet performance measurements available for assessing the state of connectivity and developing universal access service quality standards in Canada. The analysis suggests that different approaches to Internet measurement represent complementary windows into a complex and fast evolving reality of broadband connectivity. Despite their potential shortcomings, large-scale crowdsourced open data network testing platforms have a central role to play in enabling broadband infrastructure policy coordination across different levels of government, empowerment of consumers, and achievement of universal service objectives for quality of service users experience when accessing the open Internet.

Proposal for the creation of an open data network in brazilian research

Aborda os dados de pesquisa resultantes de investigações realizadas em instituições de ensino e pesquisa brasileiras e a necessidade de torná-los públicos, por meio do acesso aberto em repositórios, a fim de validar os resultados obtidos e publicados, como também para impulsionar novas pesquisas e socializar o conhecimento. Tem como objetivo explorar o cenário nacional e internacional e apresentar o planejamento de uma investigação que busca uma solução tecnológica para efetivar o acesso aberto a dados de pesquisa (AADP) dentro de uma perspectiva nacional. Propõe uma metodologia dividida em cinco etapas: identificação de práticas de AADP em instituições brasileiras; mapeamento dos usuários de AADP e suas necessidades; proposta de um portal web para reunir a comunidade nacional em AADP; levantamento dos serviços e soluções tecnológicas para o compartilhamento de dados de pesquisa existentes no cenário internacional; proposição de recomendações para o apoio a criação de repositórios de dados de pesquisa em instituições nacionais e a sua agregação a uma rede de pesquisa em AADP. Como resultado, traz iniciativas e estratégias internacionais para levar a cabo a criação de repositórios de dados de pesquisa, assim como para criar comunidades de práticas em torno do assunto. Recomenda que a proposta seja constituída de três vertentes, a fim de apoiar a criação de repositórios de dados de pesquisa em instituições nacionais e a sua agregação a uma rede de pesquisa em AADP.

Complementary Realities: Public Domain Internet Measurements in the Development of Canadaas Universal Access Policies

This paper evaluates public domain Internet performance measurements available for characterizing the state of connectivity and developing universal access service quality standards in Canada. As access to the Internet has become more essential to social and economic participation, public domain Internet measurements have become an indispensable tool for users to validate quality of service their network operator delivers and for policymakers to identify and address gaps in broadband infrastructure. Unfortunately, most data about Internet performance remains in the private domain. Furthermore, due to their distinctive methodologies, different sources of broadband speed measurements can generate inconsistent results both in terms of absolute performance metrics and in relative terms. This creates a significant problem for validating service level agreements by users and minimum standards of universal service policymakers are increasingly adopting around the world. In contrast to previous debates about which testing approach is more or less “realistic”, we argue that distinctive approaches to Internet measurement should be viewed as complementary windows into a complex and fast evolving reality of broadband connectivity. We explore how “big data” and “small data” approaches to measurement can complement each other in universal access standard setting. Despite their potential shortcomings, large scale crowdsourced open data network testing platforms have a central role to play in enabling broadband infrastructure policy coordination across different levels of government, empowering consumers, and validating speed and universal service quality standards.

The use of business process modelling in information systems security analysis and design

The increasing reliance of organisations on information systems connected to or extending over open data networks has established information security as a critical success factor for modern organisations. Risk analysis appears to be the predominant methodology for the introduction of security in information systems (IS). However, risk analysis is based on a very simple model of IS as consisting of assets, mainly data, hardware and software, which are vulnerable to various threats. Thus, risk analysis cannot provide for an understanding of the organisational environment in which IS operate. We believe that a comprehensive methodology for information systems security analysis and design (IS‐SAD) should incorporate both risk analysis and organisational analysis, based on business process modelling (BPM) techniques. This paper examines the possible contribution of BPM techniques to IS‐SAD and identifies the conceptual and methodological requirements for a technique to be used in this context. Based on these requirements, several BPM techniques have been reviewed. The review reveals the need for either adapting and combining current techniques or developing new, specialised ones.

Interactions Through the Network - Understanding the Myths to Create New Ways of Information Exchange

The introduction of open data networks in the former Soviet Union, even concerning nuclear matters, collided with Soviet myths of, for example, nuclear secrets, information prohibition and dangers of international communication. Moreover, it was considered very complicated. These myths share many of the features with perception of radiation risk, such as dread, fear and misunderstanding. The new opportunities for information exchange, created by modern telecommunications and computer networks, can dispel these myths and perceptions concerning radiation risk, provided proper consideration of the myths' origins is taken. New ways of information exchange, such as creating extensive, international information infrastructures, based on Internet, can create new conditions for presenting the social conditions related to radiation risk.

How open data networks influence business performance and market structure

How open data networks influence business performance and market structure

Internet Voice, 'Cyberbypass', Competitive Efficiency

This paper considers the competitive issues raised by the continuing evolution of public switched telephone network development toward an open data network. Adopting a platform hierarchy set forth by the National Research Council, the paper agrees that some higher level services may indeed reduce traditional telephone company revenues, but argues that it would be counterproductive for regulators to devise bans or adjust prices if they Could Regulators faced with unbundling may ensure any necessary revenue recovery through tariff rebalancing among facilities providers which provide competitive carriage through rebalancing strategies that remain competitively neutral. Suggested strategies include cost-based usage charges for data calls, fixed cost write-offs and increases in subscriber line charges. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.

An economic analysis of network architectures

What effect will the unbundled bearer service proposed by the NRENAISSANCE Committee have on the investment incentives of network providers in the private sector? How will network providers price the unbundled bearer service? The authors provide a preliminary discussion of the economics of an unbundled bearer service with specific reference to the proposed Open Data Network. They focus on the implications of two issues, oligopolistic competition and sunk cost with excess capacity, for industry structure and the unbundled bearer service. The Internet is used as a case study to illustrate trends, and provides a factual background for future analyses. They provide a description of the current Internet industry structure, current Internet approaches to bundling/unbundling and reselling, some examples of the difficulties raised by resale in other communications markets, and the increasing use of long-term contracts between customers and their service providers. The implications for the unbundled bearer service are drawn.

Realizing the information future: the Internet and beyond

The potential impact of the information superhighway--what it will mean to daily work, shopping, and entertainment--is of concern to nearly everyone. In the rush to put the world on-line, special issues have emerged for researchers, educators and students, and library specialists. At the same time, the research and education communities have a valuable head start when it comes to understanding computer communications networks, particularly Internet. With its roots in the research community, the Internet computer network now links tens of millions of people and extends well into the commercial world. Realizing the Information Future is written by key players in the development of Internet and other data networks. The volume highlights what we can learn from Internet and how the research, education, and library communities can take full advantage of the information highway's promised reach through time and space. This book presents a vision for the proposed national information infrastructure (NII): an open data network sending information services of all kinds, from suppliers of all kinds, to customers of all kinds, across network providers of all kinds. Realizing the Information Future examines deployment issues for the NII in light of the proposed system architecture, with specific discussion of the needs of the research and education communities. What is the role of the institution when everyone is on-line in their homes and offices? What are the consequences when citizens can easily access legal, medical, educational, and government services information from a single system? These and many other important questions are explored. The committee also looks at the development of principles to address the potential for abuse and misuse of the information highway, covering * Equitable and affordable access to the network. * Reasonable approaches to controlling the rising tide of electronic information. * Rights and responsibilities relating to freedom of expression, intellectual property, individual privacy, and data security. Realizing the Information Future includes a wide-ranging discussion of costs, pricing, and federal funding for network development and a discussion of the federal role in making the best technical choices to ensure that the expected social and economic benefits of the NII are realized. The time for the research and education communities to have their say about the information highway is before the ribbon is cut. Realizing the Information Future provides a timely, readable, and comprehensive exploration of key issues--important to computer scientists and engineers, researchers, librarians and their administrators, educators, and individuals interested in the shape of the information network that will soon link us all.