Open Commerce Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of SAAS Model and NPC Integration for Enhancing VR Shopping Experiences

This article examines the incorporation of the Shopping Assistance Automatic Suggestion (SAAS) model into Virtual Reality (VR) environments in order to improve the online shopping experience. The SAAS model employs sophisticated deep learning methods to offer customized product recommendations, which are conveyed by non-player characters (NPCs) via voice-based interactions. Our goal is to develop an interactive shopping experience that replicates real-life interactions by integrating AI-powered recommendations with immersive VR technology. We gather and standardize data from several open commerce databases, such as Amazon Product and Customer Reviews. The SAAS model, in conjunction with GPT-3, BERT, and T5, undergoes training and testing to evaluate its effectiveness across multiple criteria. The results demonstrate that the SAAS model surpasses other models in delivering contextually aware and pertinent recommendations. The integration process outlines the specific steps involved in capturing, processing, and transforming user interactions in virtual reality (VR) into vocal suggestions provided by non-player characters (NPCs). This strategy improves customization and utilizes the immersive features of virtual reality to effectively engage people. The results of our research establish a higher standard for e-commerce, with the goal of enhancing the user experience of online purchasing by making it more instinctive, engaging, and pleasurable.

The Nexus between Foreign Direct Investment, Open Commerce, ICT Taxation and Climate Change in a Developing Country

The study explores the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), information and communication technology (ICT) taxes, open commerce, and CO2 pollutants in Nigeria from 2010 to 2020 using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). CO2 emissions figures are collected in Million Tonnes from the World Data Atlas. Data on ICT taxes and FDI are gathered from the Federal Inland Revenue Service and the OECD database respectively. Trade openness data are obtained from the World Economic Indicators. The findings show that FDI has a very strong negative link with CO2 emissions in Nigeria. Similarly, there is a clear negative association between ICT taxes and FDI. However, there is a significant positive correlation between ICT taxes and CO2 emissions. Open trade has an intangible negative relationship with CO2 and an intangible positive relationship with FDI and ICT taxes. Based on the findings, the study provides recommendations to strengthen government policies in the respective areas of concern.

Commerce and Conquest in Early American Foreign Relations, 1750–1850

Ideas about free trade and open commerce drove early American foreign policy before the War of 1812. Concern with expansion was not entirely absent from American diplomacy, but until the 1820s, 30s and 40s, it played a less significant role in foreign policy decisions than trade. Before the Revolutionary War both the British and American believed that their empire was based on commerce and not conquest. They engaged in wars for empire determined to secure the colonies from outside threats and to defend commerce. The American Revolution began in controversies over the regulation of commerce and taxation (usually connected to trade as well). The Revolutionaries sought to establish a new diplomatic regime based on free trade. They persisted in this concern in the creation of the Confederation government and with the establishment of the American republic under the Constitution of 1787. All of the major treaties between the United States and other nations before 1812 concerned commerce, even when they included territorial acquisition. The Louisiana Purchase began as an effort to secure commerce on the Mississippi by gaining the port of New Orleans. Conquest first emerged as the salient policy in dealing with Native Americans, and was then extended to Florida, Texas, and northern Mexico thereafter. However, even when manifest destiny had become the focus of American foreign policy, commerce and free trade remained important.

Dazzled, Blinded, and Numb: Commerce, Luxury, and the French Crisis of Corps , 1750–1789

One of the defining features of eighteenth-century France was a pervasive anxiety over the possible collapse of the hierarchical and corporate social order. Contemporaries feared that open commerce would abolish the traditional system of corps, and luxury would confuse the symbols that represented an individual’s état . In reaction to Turgot’s “Six Edicts” (1776) and against the celebration of le doux commerce , moralists, political economists, philosophers, and petitioners from Parisian guilds articulated a corporeal critique of economic modernity. They argued that a society driven by commerce and competition would be detrimental not only to the corps politique but, more importantly, to the corps unique of each French subject.

THE EVOLUTION OF ANCIENT MAYA EXCHANGE SYSTEMS: AN ETYMOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC VOCABULARY IN THE MAYAN LANGUAGE FAMILY

AbstractThis article presents a cultural reconstruction of ancient Maya economic development derived through etymological study of exchange-related terms in Mayan languages. It applies the results of historical linguistic analysis to archaeological and epigraphic data in order to gain insight into Maya economic prehistory. Cognitive spheres examined include generalized exchange, reciprocation, appropriation and vertical transfers of goods and labor, open commerce, and material valuables. Among the most poignant implications of the results are the antiquity of commerce and its rather extended evolutionary trajectory. Indicators of intense commercialization, however, are few and rather late. Widespread recognition of several elements of the diverse complex of Contact period Mesoamerican valuables can be traced only to the latter part of the Late Formative period or afterward. Evidence of formalized market systems—specifically linking commerce to towns and architectural plazas—appears only late in the Classic period. Terms associated with the hierarchical appropriation of goods and labor appear earlier and are more persistent and stable over time. In particular, there is a single widespread root for tribute obligation apparently subsuming tax, plunder, and work debt all under a single term, as well as evidence for the great antiquity of formalized servitude. Finally, various forms of general reciprocity and gifting are, as might be expected, shown to be of great diversity, complexity, and antiquity. In the course of analysis, several recent models of Mayan language interaction and diversification are examined and evaluated, and a slightly revised linguistic chronology is suggested that better reconciles linguistic data with archaeological facts as they are currently known. The results also have interesting implications for proto-Mayan geographical origins.