Open Business Research Articles

The Co-innovation Bingo: An Object-Oriented Networking Mechanism to Foster Coupled Open Business Innovation

Abstract Background: A firm’s cooperative strategies are a fundamental issue in the search for business growth avenues, but a system that eases the emergence of coupled open innovation appears to be missing. Objectives: This paper describes a business networking tool to foster coupled open innovation emergence. Methods/Approach: We adopted a methodology based on design science comparable to grounded theory because solutions emerged by testing a design artefact with companies. Results: We designed and tested an artefact designed as a game to encourage participants to meet as many partners as possible. It is based on collaborative innovation mechanisms and gets inspiration from fields such as organization design, service design, and prospective design. The proposed artefact comes as prescriptive rules that support managers’ open innovation opportunity elicitation. Conclusions: From a practical point of view, we contribute by helping companies find emergent open innovation opportunities. From a theoretical point of view, this artefact is part of an emergent theory of object-oriented coupled open innovation mechanisms.

Model biznesowy – kontekst innowacji

Theoretical background : The concept of the business model was introduced in the late 1950s, but did not gain any special scientific popularity in the first period. Only the appearance of the Internet and e-business at the turn of the century contributed to the renaissance of this concept. Currently, the concept of the business model is popular among scientists and business practitioners. A great deal of interest is accompanied by an equally large variety of definitions of the concept, but there is no commonly accepted consent as to its components. There is even talk of carelessness in using this concept. Business models need to be constantly developed not only when they become outdated, but also when they appear to be well developed. The proposition of the unique value for the customer, creating, delivering and taking over the value for the stakeholders is associated with innovations that do not have objective economic value in themselves, only their commercialization based on a business model gives such value. Therefore, companies should reorganize their business models to be more open to innovation, in other words, to make them open business models. Purpose of the article : To make a synthetic review of the definitions of a business model available in the economic literature, the role of innovation in this model and to indicate new trends in the interpretation of these concepts. Research methods : The publication is the result of a research procedure based on a review of the literature on the subject. The evolution of the understanding of the concept of a business model and its components as well as the role of innovation in the model were studied on the basis of an analysis of 69 definitions or conceptualization of the concept. Main findings : In the second decade of 20 th century, new elements appear more and more in the definitions of business models supplemented by innovation processes. Unfortunately, the terminology has not kept pace with the development of the ways of doing business: 1) the concept of the value chain is already too narrow for the complex network structures of various organizations. Value is created and delivered more and more often in complex structures, called partnerships, networks or ecosystems; 2) the current definitions of a business model refer to the phenomenon of value creation both on the supply and demand side, where value is also generated on the part of customers and other stakeholders within, for example, business ecosystems; 3) the business model is becoming an increasingly important concept in the field of innovation management, strategy implementation, sustainable development taking into account social and environmental values, and social entrepreneurship; 4) it is believed that the model should be open to open innovation and should favor their commercialization; 5) inviting undefined user/customer communities to cooperate is becoming more and more important. This kind of cooperation requires building open platforms on the Internet (crowdsourcing, co-production or coopetition, open sourcing); 6) it is now believed that the ability to define and redefine an organization’s business model is one of the key competences for building the value of an organization.

Pelatihan kerajinan tangan gantungan pot (Macrame) sebagai upaya pemberdayaan generasi muda guna meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga di masa pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the order of people's lives massively, as in Indonesia, which experienced an economic downturn as evidenced by the closure of the business industry and the termination of employment relations (layoffs), resulting in many families losing their sources of income and economy. As a result, people had to be able to think creatively in utilizing all opportunities in this pandemic situation to find a way out, such as responding to changes in the behavior of people who significantly have new hobbies, namely planting and collecting ornamental plants in the yard. Problems arise when some people have limited land and do not even have a yard, so they have difficulty placing their collection of plants, and because of that, they have to hang the plant. This issue is what can be used by the community to open business opportunities. Training in making pot hangers with macrame techniques is present in response to the problem by empowering the community, especially young people. Therefore, with this training, young people of productive age will be able to independently producing, open new business opportunities, and make a passive income to improve the family economy in the pandemic period.

Examining the Research on Business Information-Entropy Correlation in the Accounting Process of Organizations.

Open business organizations, where information flows, is shared, and exchanged, are more prepared to adapt and survive chaos, uncertainty, and entropy, so they will be more predisposed to change management. The aim of this study is to analyze research trends at the international level on business information–entropy correlation in the accounting process of organizations. Mathematical and statistical techniques were applied to 980 articles during the period 1974–2020, obtaining results on the scientific productivity of the driving agents of this topic: authors, research institutions, countries/territories, and journals. Five lines of research were identified during the period analyzed, which mainly study information theory, maximum entropy, information entropy, decision-making, and enthalpy. Future research should focus on analyzing the evolution of this topic, which forms new thematic axes related to bitcoin market efficiency, business hierarchy information, business model evaluation systems, catastrophic economic collapse, corporate diversification, CSR reports affecting accounting conservatism, economic income accounting, and information loss. Currently, the research presents an upward trend, which allows a growing interest in the subject to be deduced in the academic and scientific community worldwide.

Polarization of perception and motivation in ecotourism development based on sustainable peat ecosystem utilization

Tourism development in Indonesia is currently one of the alternatives in the national program as an effort to economic growth. The study’s objectives are (1) analyzing the perception and motivation values of the stakeholder community; (2) developing a strategy to optimize the development of sustainable peat ecosystem ecotourism. The research result shows that the polarization of perception and motivation of the community and stakeholders expressed a positive attitude towards the ecotourism development in the values of 6-7. The value shows a positive attitude between the community and stakeholders. The motivational value of both actors illustrates an optimistic attitude in the ecotourism development with a value between 6-7. The results of the matrix calculation of internal and external factors produce X coordinates of 0.50 and Y – 0.50 on the strategy quadrant diagram. The strategy is Weakness-Opportunity which is a strategy that minimizes weaknesses and takes advantage of existing opportunities. Strategic formulation, namely: (1) building and strengthening institutional systems; (2) improving the welfare of the community by opening business opportunities; (3) developing infrastructure and tourism support facilities; and (4) targeting marketing programs. The research benefit is that it can be used as one of the basis in drawing up a plan to optimize the utilization of peat ecosystems sustainably. It also can improve local communities’ attitudes of concern, awareness, and welfare.

Global Inequality, Mobility Regimes and Transnational Capital: The Post-Graduation Plans of African Student Migrants

Employing a theoretical framework that draws on the concept of global regimes of mobility and Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this article seeks to analyse how African student migrants in China navigate global structural inequalities in planning for post-graduation mobility, while strategising to overcome barriers to mobility and capital accumulation. It argues that China’s position within the contemporary global political economy is reflected in the ways these student migrants navigate intersecting global mobility regimes. Moving beyond the ‘stay/return’ binary common in student mobility research, the article delineates three post-study trajectories: returnees, deterred by structural barriers from staying in the host country; those who stay in China, overcoming these barriers by opening businesses, with plans to return home later; and those who plan to accumulate capital in China to meet the requirements of more stringent mobility regimes in the Global North.

Influence of Online Apps in Fostering Agri-Enterprise Development along the Agricultural Value Chain in Kenya

Influence of Online Apps in Fostering Agri-Enterprise Development along the Agricultural Value Chain in Kenya

FACTORS INFLUENCING POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Poverty is an emerging issue that is being debated upon in both developed and developing countries, including South Africa. This research investigates the factors that affect poverty in South Africa, as well as the theoretical connections between poverty and the country's key macroeconomic variables using annual time series data for 1996-2019. The stationarity test found that some variables were not stationary at the level but were after first differencing; the cointegration test demonstrated that the variables under investigation have a long-term relationship. The VECM findings revealed that the ratio of agriculture to GDP has a negative short-run relationship with poverty rates, while domestic credit to the private sector, foreign direct investment, growth rate, and gross enrollment ratio have a negative short-run relationship with poverty rate, but statistically significant. Domestic credit to the private sector, foreign direct investment, growth rate, and gross enrollment ratio all have a negative long-run relationship with poverty rate, while agriculture to GDP and military spending have a positive but statistically insignificant long-run relationship with poverty rate. To encourage more private sector investment in economic development and poverty alleviation, the South African government must create an open business climate with attractive regulatory incentives.Keywords: Lower bound poverty line, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, SAJEL Classifications: C22, C50, E60, E62DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.11629

Prospects for the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision in Transport Systems and Connected Cars

As statistics show, the use of artificial intelligence and machine vision for cars can significantly improve road safety. Even before self-driving vehicles dominate the road, connected vehicles with computer vision-based ADAS will dramatically reduce road accidents. New automotive technologies such as machine vision not only improve road safety, but also open new business opportunities for companies from related industries and sectors such as insurance, car sharing and driver training. Soon, the automotive market, car service services and industries close to transport will change dramatically. This means that those who invest in such developments right now will be able to seize leadership in the era of the spread of innovative technologies.In modern cars, video cameras are used not only as an alternative to the rear-view mirror but are also an important part of active safety systems. Their task, first, is to support collision protection systems through object detection. Cameras are also used to keep track of the lane, to automatically recognise road signs and traffic lights, and monitor the condition of drivers. Together with radars and lidars, they are used to control unmanned vehicles. However, these are far from all the possible areas of useful application of video cameras on board a vehicle. With development of artificial intelligence systems, a decrease in size and an increase in the power of on-board computing facilities, as well as with an increase in the throughput of mobile communications and development of cloud technologies, it becomes possible to implement new services based on video cameras and computer vision.For this reason, the objective of this article is to analyse the trends in development of artificial intelligence, computer vision systems and, considering these trends, to form a list of useful services based on them. The article provides information about what cars can «see» today, how they do it, and what useful services can be implemented for drivers, for transport organisations and for areas related to transport.

The Determinants of PayTech’s Success in the Mobile Payment Market—The Case of BLIK

FinTech and its interaction with banking is widely discussed today as a new phenomenon notwithstanding the relationship between technology and financial services is not a new topic. Most of the research focuses on innovations and determinants of their adoptions including among other innovations in the payment system. The studies dedicated directly to PayTechs as a special kind of a FinTech entity and its market activity are a relatively new field of research. This paper aims to fill this gap. The multidimensional character of this exploratory research causes the necessity to apply various research methods, including both inductive and deductive methods, together with comparative analysis. The theoretical analysis conducted in the paper for defining PayTechs from the perspective of business model and market behavior was based on an in-depth literature review. In this section, the inductive method and comparative analysis were mostly applied. The empirical part of the paper includes the analysis of quantitative data published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP), Central Statistical Office (GUS), and Bank for International Settlements (BIS). The subject of the case is the Polish Payment Standard referred to as BLIK implemented in Poland in 2015 for mobile payments. The BLIK diffusion is measured by the number of entrants and acceptants as well as the scope of transactions while the adoption by the number of customers using BLIK in everyday transactions. The results present the market behavior of BLIK as an open business model and the key success factors of BLIK adoption and diffusion and the determinants for further open payment innovations’ development. The newly developed definition of PayTechs, the identification of the major components of the PayTech open business model, as well as the indication of the key success factors of adoption and diffusion of m-payments, constitute the original contribution of the paper.

A Note on Corporate Open Innovation: Engagement with Startups

This Note summarizes our findings based on an exploratory and initial global research study of best practices for organizations employing open innovation business model strategies. We utilized an expert interview approach to develop a survey that was taken during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was meant to assess open innovation strategies and tactics, particularly focused on partnering with startups and emerging companies. We worked with a cohort of Corporate Accelerator Forum (CAF) members (as experts), prior to a more extensive survey of corporations concerning their engagement with startups. Our experts included key leadership from Techstars, Bayer CoLaborator, and Illumina Accelerator. We plan a broader, more extensive survey of national and international companies as a follow up. Our results highlight and provide commentary on current industry practices and trends during the Covid-19 pandemic, and have applicability to the biopharma, MedTech, and digital medicine/health markets.

Open Business Model of COVID-19 Transformation of an Urban Public Transport System: The Experience of a Large Russian City

Dialectics, or developmental transformation, would eventually cause any system to change. The level and depth of these changes vary and depend on the power of external influence and system reservation mechanisms. The art of managing system processes consists of two main aspects. The first aspect involves the sagacity of managers and predicting general environmental change trends (and their impacts on the managed system). The second involves adjusting to these trends, maximizing possible benefits, and minimizing the negative manifestations of this process. Innovation plays an important role, contributing to system transformations with maximal effect and minimal loss. Public transport systems are important elements in cities, as they provide spatial mobility for at least half of the citizens of a city who cannot use individual transportation. Modern urbanization and peculiarities of the social–economic statuses of many citizens contribute to the fact that organized public transportation is unprofitable. The low solvency of citizens who use public transportation services means that passenger transport systems do not work with enough profitability. As a result, governing institutions often choose to subsidize unprofitable transporter activities, thereby prolonging the functioning of unprofitable routes. This is possible only in conditions of sustainability (in regards to a non-optimal system), when the environment is calm, and its negative impact is low. “Black swans” (according to N. Taleb) are bifurcation factors that break the sustainability of non-optimal system. Urban public transport (UPT) of a large Russian city, Tyumen, experienced it in 2020, in connection with the COVID-19 lockdown. The sharp decrease in population mobility in Tyumen, in 2020–2021, caused the need for a complete transformation of the transport service system. However, managers did not want to fundamentally change a system that consensually suited most counterparties. The search for new balances in a system that demands transformation is one way for sustainable provision. This article looks at the transformation and sustainability of a UPT system in the large Russian city of Tyumen, under conditions affected by the negative impact of COVID-19. Results of a comparative (i.e., pre-crisis (2019) and crisis (2020)) Pareto analysis of the contributions of different UPT routes are presented. Transformation of the structure of the UPT route system can overcome the “crisis” COVID-19 period and minimize its financial-economic costs.

What Factors Affect the Entrepreneurial Intention to Start-Ups? The Role of Entrepreneurial Skills, Propensity to Take Risks, and Innovativeness in Open Business Models

Start-ups are launched every day, and most of them will fail at the same pace. Worldwide unemployment has become a major concern due to the geometric increase in the population. However, job opportunities are not created at the same pace as the overall population, and jobless people are becoming a burden on the economy. This situation led to introduce a system that helps people become self-employed and gives dignity to their lives. Prior studies reported that many factors could motivate an individual to pursue entrepreneurial projects. However, there is still a gap in identifying a path that promotes entrepreneurial intention among young graduates. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of self-motivation, family support, peer influence, and institutional support on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial skills, propensity to take risks, and innovativeness. Data were collected from 416 business students from six public and private sector universities in Pakistan. The results revealed that self-motivation, family support, peer influence, and institutional support positively and significantly affected entrepreneurial intention. The mediating role of entrepreneurial skills, a propensity to take risks, and innovativeness also enhances entrepreneurial intention among young graduates. A categorical analysis was conducted to explain the characteristics of the individuals motivated to launch start-ups. The results revealed a significant difference in the grouping variables of gender and education. The conceptual model provides more pronounced results in the case of male and post-graduate students. These findings may motivate young graduates to start new venture capital start-ups based on open business models. In this way, they can contribute to the complex and evolutionary economics that accelerate efficiency through technological innovation.

Business Innovations in the New Mobility Market during the COVID-19 with the Possibility of Open Business Model Innovation

The current difficult situation in the world caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus has led to the development of problems in many branches of the economy. However, it has significantly affected transport, which on the one hand, is the bloodstream of the economy and, on the other hand, creates a threat for virus infection. Thus, in various countries, different mobility-related restrictions during pandemic policies around the world have been introduced. What is more, plans for initiatives after lockdown have also started to appear. Moreover, not have only cities introduced appropriate management policies, but companies have also started providing logistics services, especially those offering new mobility solutions. We found a literature and research gap indicating the recording or combination of the different types of business practices and innovations used worldwide in new mobility companies in the case of a pandemic situation. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the business innovations that appear in the new mobility industry during the COVID-19 pandemic in connection to post-pandemic transportation plans in Asia, Europe, and America. In this work, we conducted two-level research based on the desk research and expert research methodologies. From the business point of view, the results show that car-sharing systems (most organizational practices) and ride-sharing services (most safety practices) have most adapted their business models to pandemic changes. In turn, bike-sharing services have implemented the fewest business practices and innovations. From the urban transport systems point of view, the results show that European authorities have proposed the most plans and practice projects for new mobility after the pandemic compared to Asia and America. The obtained results indicate, however, that business practices do not coincide with the authorities’ plans for transport after the pandemic. Moreover, the results show a lack of complementarity between the developed practices and a reluctance to create open innovations in the new mobility industry. The article supports the management of new mobility systems in times of pandemic and in post-COVID reality.

Opening up to startup collaborations: open business models and value co-creation in SMEs

Purpose This study aims at exploring how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can implement a more open and co-creational business model by actively collaborating with startups. Design/methodology/approach Because of the novelty of the SME–startup collaboration phenomenon and to the depth of the investigation required to grasp the mechanisms and logic of an open and co-creational business model, a single-case study has been performed related to investigating a collaboration between an SME and a startup. Findings The authors provide detailed empirical evidence on how SMEs may structure a “systematic” approach to design and execute an open business model enabled by startup collaboration. Moreover, this study suggests that the business model innovation process represents a necessary forerunner of an open business model. Finally, the authors contend that research on open business models should entail a broader perspective beyond the innovation process, to include business model validation through testing approaches like the lean startup. Originality/value This study takes as the locus of investigation the original perspective of the external partner of a focal firm willing to innovate. This study offers a unique contribution because, to date, few studies adopted such view within a relevant and under-remarked empirical setting linking SMEs and innovative startups.

Open innovation in SMEs: A process view towards business model innovation

ABSTRACT To be competitive, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to transform their business models. To overcome the liability of smallness, SMEs often need to collaborate with external partners—implement open innovation. The complex processes behind business model transformation and open innovation combined remain unexplored. Linking the literature on business model innovation, open innovation, and SMEs, we examine how open business models can be a solution for SMEs. In particular, taking a process perspective, we study business model transformations in several European SMEs using a two-dimensional typology of SME business model innovation, considering the radicalness of the transformation and SME openness toward external partnerships. We identify the triggers for SMEs’ business model innovation: market turbulence, market immaturity, competition, prior failure in open innovation, and scaling production. We also signify how SMEs address the challenges related to the open business model transformation.

Estimating stocks and flows of electric passenger vehicle batteries in the Norwegian fleet from 2011 to 2030

AbstractRetired passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are expected to generate significant volumes of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), opening business opportunities for second life and recycling. In order to evaluate these, robust estimates of the future quantity and composition of LIBs are imperative. Here, we analyzed BEV fate in the Norwegian passenger vehicle fleet and estimated the corresponding battery capacity in retired vehicles from 2011 to 2030, using a stock‐flow vehicle cohort model linked to analysis of the battery types and sizes contained in different BEVs. Results based on this combination of modeled and highly disaggregated technical data show that (i) the LIB energy capacity available for second use or recycling from end‐of‐life vehicles is expected to reach 0.6 GWh in 2025 and 2.1 GWh in 2030 (not accounting for any losses); (ii) most LIBs are currently contained within the weight segment 1500–1599 kg followed by 2000+ kg; (iii) highest sales currently exist for BEVs containing lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries; and (iv) lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide batteries initially constitute the largest overall capacity in retired vehicles, but will later be surpassed by NMCs. The results demonstrate rapidly growing opportunities for businesses to make use of retired batteries and a necessity to adapt to changing battery types and sizes.

The Development Strategy Batik Seng Village as a Community Based and Creative Tourism Destination in Malang District

The tourism sector is a leading sector for the Indonesian economy. The tourism sector is able to spur economic growth, such as opening business opportunities in the tourism sector, be it accommodation, transportation or souvenir centers and new tourist destinations, besides that the tourism sector also opens job opportunities in the tourism sector. Kampung Batik Seng, which is located in Kepanjen, has been established since 2014, this year is the 6th year Batik Seng is listed as one of the batik villages in Malang Regency. Kampung Batik Sengguruh is a tourist destination that is managed independently by the Batik Community in Sengguruh Village by empowering mothers, fathers and youth organizations to produce batik which is then displayed in galleries. In addition, there are packages offered to attract tourists to the production sites. This study is attempt to investigate and identify what are the internal and external factors related to the development of community-based creative tourism destinations and what are the suitable strategies for developing Kampung Batik Seng. The results of this study shows that Internal factors that exist in Kampung Batik Seng. Its strength is the existence of a solid community and the uniqueness of natural batik that characterizes batik in Batik Seng Village. Meanwhile, the biggest weakness in Kampung Batik Seng is the lack of promotion of Kampung Batik Seng. External factors in Kampung Batik Seng. Opportunities are the market that is still wide open, the number of visitors who have come to the location and easy road access. While the existing threats are the absence of guidance from the Tourism Office and the Tourism Village Communication Forum, competitors with the concept of education and the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic. And the strategy that is suitable for the development of Kampung Batik Seng is a diversification strategy, namely the community, community and village parties make plans for the development of Kampung Batik Seng with a different concept from competitors. Keywords : creative tourism destination, development strategies, diversification strategies DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/58-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2021

Easing or tightening control strategies: determination of COVID-19 parameters for an agent-based model.

Some agent-based models have been developed to estimate the spread progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate strategies aimed to control the outbreak of the infectious disease. Nonetheless, COVID-19 parameter estimation methods are limited to observational epidemiologic studies which are essentially aggregated models. We propose a mathematical structure to determine parameters of agent-based models accounting for the mutual effects of parameters. We then use the agent-based model to assess the extent to which different control strategies can intervene the transmission of COVID-19. Easing social distancing restrictions, opening businesses, speed of enforcing control strategies, quarantining family members of isolated cases on the disease progression and encouraging the use of facemask are the strategies assessed in this study. We estimate the social distancing compliance level in Sydney greater metropolitan area and then elaborate the consequences of moderating the compliance level in the disease suppression. We also show that social distancing and facemask usage are complementary and discuss their interactive effects in detail.

Factors Affecting Augmented Reality Adoption in the Retail Industry

Augmented reality (AR) technology is a computer-generated object that allows users to enrich the experience of products virtually with graphics, images, etc. Due to a lack of studies in developing countries like Malaysia, more studies are necessary to understand the pressing factors of diffusing AR technology for the flourishing retail industry. This research aimed to explore the factors affecting the adoption of AR technology in the retail sector through an extension of the technology acceptance model (TAM). The conceptual model was developed based on additional open-innovation-related constructs to the existing TAM constructs. To test the model, data were collected from 233 retail stores in Malaysia using a structured questionnaire survey. The PLS-based structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data. The empirical results confirmed that, except for external support and trading partner pressure, other factors, including perceived usefulness, attitude, competitive pressure, customer pressure, perceived cost, and technological knowledge have significant influences on the intention to use AR technology in retail stores. The attitude mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention and the relationship between self-efficacy and behavioral intention. As operating cost was a critical factor, managers are advised to deliver various packages of after-sales services and free installation charges to curb expenses. This study improved TAM by offering a comprehensive model with cognitive and open innovation factors and provided suggestions for retail stores when they attempt to adopt AR technology to develop an open business model.