Open API Research Articles

Open APIs in banking and inclusive growth: an innovation to support the poverty eradication programs in India

Open APIs in banking and inclusive growth: an innovation to support the poverty eradication programs in India

CATCH: Cloud Data Acquisition through Comprehensive and Hybrid Approaches

With the development of Internet technology, cloud-based services have improved the availability and usability of resources. Among them, cloud storage services enable users to remotely store, access, or share data over a network. Therefore, digital forensic investigators need to collect data stored in remote servers to comprehensively understand a suspect's activities. Although several well-known commercial digital forensic tools provide features for cloud data acquisition in order to support this requirement, fewer studies have addressed whether they have full access to cloud resources and collect all the data as expected. In this regard, our findings from this work show that those commercial tools do not completely identify and collect data that are obviously available through dedicated clients (e.g., web-browsers and desktop/mobile apps). In this paper, we propose an investigative framework, CATCH (Cloud Data Acquisition through Comprehensive and Hybrid Approaches), which is composed of four steps (Authentication, Exploration, Filtering, and Collection). CATCH collects authentication data to access cloud resources and then, explores, filters, and collects all accessible metadata as well as contents from remote cloud servers by using Open and Internal APIs. To demonstrate our proposal, the CATCH framework is applied to collect a user's Microsoft OneDrive storage from digital forensics perspectives. We then evaluate data collection results generated from a self-developed tool based on the proposed framework, by comparing them to results from commercial digital forensic tools.

Rancang Bangun Alat Monitoring Pasang Surut Air Laut Berbasis IoT dengan NodeMCU ESP8266 dan HC-SR04

Tidal events are the process of periodic rising and falling of sea water caused by differences in gravity from changing positions between the sun and the moon relative to a point on the earth's surface. Tidal phenomena are important to study in order to support human life, such as in terms of transportation and disaster mitigation. In this study, the aim of this research is to create a tidal monitoring tool based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using NodeMCU ESP8266 and HC-SR04 as sensors measuring water levels. This tool is connected to the ThingSpeak web as an IoT platform with an open API that is useful as a database server so that it can be accessed in real time. In addition, the measurement data is also stored on a micro SD card so that the data can be accessed offline. From this research, it is concluded that the tide monitoring tool can work well with an average error of 1.263%

AN OPEN API FOR 3D-GEOREFERENCED HISTORICAL PICTURES

Abstract. In this article we describe the possibilities and opportunities of the utilization of 3D georeferenced historical images in different contexts. In the frame of an ongoing research project that aims at establishing a national infrastructure for georeferenced pictures, we have created an open API that allows researchers and developers to access and interact with an existing database containing 200’000 3D-georeferenced images. In this database images have been georeferenced by volunteers in 3D using monoplotting. The new API allows for instance to extract the 3D geolocation of images and their footprints as well as to upload new images. It is as far as possible based on existing standards in the fields of archive management, 3D image standards and web-services. This work is of interest for researchers who want to utilize and analyze 3D georeferenced historical imagery and for people who want to establish open API’s to give access to data that is relevant for research.

Open science tools: Supporting hands-on creation of the \"digital extended specimen\"

As a biodiversity informatics community, we have mobilised and interconnected a wide array of information, including specimen collections, published literature and metadata resources, which compile facts about collections and the people that work with them. We have defined data standards to facilitate data interoperability and tools development. Along with colleagues in allied research disciplines, we have helped to develop training resources, enabling researchers to automate routine tasks like data access and reference management. We have also started to explore how we could realise the vision of the digital extended specimen, which would integrate specimens and associated data across multiple research infrastructures, allowing the investigation of wider scale research questions. How this would be achieved is still the subject of discussion and experimentation: an open community will support a diverse range of approaches. In the construction of the digital extended specimen, we can envision useful activities operating at very different scales: from large scale computational processes run at (or between) research infrastructures, to an ecosystem of lightweight tools that support link construction in context, closer to researchers. A toolset enabling in-context link construction could play a similar role to Open Refine (which has been effective at democratizing data linking between different sources), and supply valuable training data for the development of machine learning approaches. We will review the use of Open Refine in the biodiversity informatics (and wider research) communities and examine the resources and working practices that facilitated the adoption of this tool. We will showcase work towards “an extensible notebook for open science”, and we aim to open a discussion on how a link-aware editor for semi-structured data plus standard open science tools (i.e., those covered by training resources such as software, data and author carpentry) could be viewed as a lightweight alternative to traditional document production—just as Open Refine is a viable alternative to many traditional spreadsheet use cases. Our aim is to enable researchers to develop the digital extended specimen at research time, but without being prescriptive about their workflow. We will conclude by discussing how this effort supports open science, showing how researchers are open to access the data needed to explore their area of study and to form their hypotheses, using well recognised entities (specimens, names, people, institutions, citations etc), represented in data standards and accessed via open APIs - but also open to choose how they organise their work. In the authors own domain (botany), such a tool will be fundamental to e-taxonomic undertakings to build an online reference system in which all known plant species are described, as well as to significant acceleration of parts of the taxonomic process to address the biodiversity crisis.

Costumer Explicit Consent Under Indonesian Open Banking Regulations

The implementation of GDPR and PSD2 in the EU as well as the PSD2 alignment with GDPR, encourage central banks in various countries including Indonesia to immediately implement an open banking system that also prioritizes privacy data protection. The PDP bill principle of explicit consent must be applied in open banking financial transactions that in Indonesia as stated in the National Standard Open API Payment (SNAP) 2021 (a Technical Standards and Governance Guideline). However, there are some fundamental differences regulated in PSD2 when compared to SNAP which will hinder Indonesia's adequate GDPR. This research is normative research with statutory approach and comparative approach. The results showed that there are some fundamental differences between PSD2 and SNAP, including the parties involved, data portability and the concept of re-consent or re-confirmation which are not regulated in SNAP but regulated in PSD2, for the concept of sensitive data payment, neither SNAP nor PSD2 provide the specific concept, both define it broadly.

A novel approach for verifying selective user identity attributes online using open banking APIs

In this work, we propose a novel workflow to tackle the problem of verifying individuals’ identities online assuming banks as a central source of truth. The existing process for this involves auth mechanisms from privately held companies, where the data do not have any physical backing by an authorized entity, reducing its credibility. Alongside, the online verification methods used are unsophisticated, like passwords and OTPs, and anyone can easily impersonate with access to one’s devices and credentials. Considering alternatives like national identity cards to prove data, one needs to verify original documents again and again physically, decreasing customer’s inspiration for the activity. One more issue to tackle is excessive data getting shared during authentication can serve maliciously against the users. Companies utilize this data for digital profiling of users and targeting advertisements. Hence, only data attributes of utmost necessity should get shared. We have tried to create a web app named Canfirm to demonstrate the possibilities, workflow and use of open banking APIs.

Тренды в банковской отрасли в эпоху развития цифровых технологий

Abstract. The intensive development and spread of digital technologies have a significant impact on the financial market. More and more commercial banks are striving to move to tradi-tional and digital banking, thereby meeting the financial and non-financial needs of cus-tomers and reducing their costs and increasing efficiency. The purpose of the study is to identify, systematize and generalize key trends in the development of the banking sector in the era of digital technology development based on an assessment of the most promis-ing technological and platform solutions. The object of the study was the performance indicators and technologies of the banking sector. In the course of the study, general scientific, analytical, statistical graphical methods, as well as methods of expert assess-ments were used. The author highlights the essence of the ongoing changes and technological solutions in the banking sector of Russia, highlights the main trends in the development of the bank-ing business, analyzes their state, and possible ways to accelerate the digital transfor-mation of the banking industry. Particular attention is paid to state regulation of the pro-cesses of digitalization of the banking sector. The authors conclude that the main devel-opment drivers are both platform and technological solutions: big data, open API, re-mote authentication, ecosystems, as well as projects of the Bank of Russia: masterplace, masterchain, digital ruble

Research Trends on Critical Thinking Using Topic Modeling

In the current study, academic journal papers on critical thinking were comprehensively analyzed from an interdisciplinary perspective, which would contribute to solidify the significance of critical thinking. To achieve the research purpose, keyword analysis and the topic modeling technique were applied as part of text-mining. After being issued with the open API code of KCI (Korean Journal of Citation Index), the researcher collected the papers from the KCI. In the process of data collection (which consisted of keyword preprocessing and in which the subsequent topic model analysis took place), potential research topics were presented from the corpus consisting of the title and keywords by the researcher, and the abstracts of inidividual theses from a total of 718 papers from 2002 to 2021 were examined. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, keywords such as ‘undergraduate students’, ‘writing’, and ‘simulation’ were included in the frequent keywords both in the Term-Frequency (TF) and in the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) value in the keyword analysis. Second, 12 potential research topics regarding critical thinking were derived from topic modeling. The topics covered were (1) education by field, (2) learning, (3) online, (4) school-age students, (5) media and communication, (6) nursing education, (7) coursework development, (8) writing, (9) educational program and leadership, (10) philosophical counseling and textual criticism, (11) the confidence, sensitivity, and ethics awareness of undergraduate nursing students, (12) and empirical analysis for encumbent nurses. The research comprehensively looked at the various perspectives on critical thinking. From the results of the analysis, various aspects of the relationship between critical thinking and education, the link between creativity and critical thinking, and the meaning of the ‘disposition’ of critical thinking research, and its tendency towards empirical analysis in the field of nursing, were discussed. In addition, critical thinking in the workplace is suggested as a topic for future critical thinking research.

Suggestions and regulations for designing, planning and constructing industrial parks, a case study of Vietnam

On the basis of experiences in designing, planning and constructing industrial zones in Vietnam, this paper aimed to give some suggestions and regulations for designing. The study used the qualititative method with synthesis and explanatory methods. Resources usage and environmental protection are more effective, while maximal economic and social benefits are simultaneously targeted. A concept of developing eco-industrial parks has established and evolved through time, and planning and constructing industrial zones based on current regulations in the nation. As a result, researches stated that we need to pay attention to network cloud service, big data service and investment management and meet some standards such as 100% of newly built industrial clusters have wastewater treatment stations that meet relevant national standards or technical regulations, etc. as well as certain principles such as 3R (Recycle, Reduce, Reuse). Operation services should include: cloud-based service operation providing basic cloud rental services, such as cloud hosting, cloud desktop, cloud disk, virtual data center, container services, collaborative development and Open API; SaaS Operation Service; APP Store; and space operation service to make full use of digital showrooms and free space resources, providing reservation and rental services, and demonstration services.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS USING OPEN DATA

Abstract. In this article traffic accidents in Germany are investigated based on different environmental impacting factors. These factors are related to the accident surrounding like road characteristics, weather information, population density as well as POIs. For this purpose different open data source are used, like OpenStreetMap and an open weather API. These input data sources are processed in order to generate different categories of features, describing the on-site situation of an accident. Using the k-means clustering, six clusters were identified. In a consecutive investigation, each cluster is not only described with respect to the feature space but also in regards to their spatial distribution. Based on these findings, a regional comparison is done across the state boarders of Germany.

Legal Aspect of Personal Data Protection and Consumer Protection in the Open API Payment

Digital financial innovation in Indonesia demands equal disclosure of data and information between banks and financial technology (fintech) companies through the Open API. Bank Indonesia as the authority in the payment system issued a series of regulations to regulate the standardization of Open API Payments to create data disclosure integrity, as well as improve personal data protection and consumer protection in open banking. This paper will review several legal aspects that have emerged, and it will be assessed whether the current provisions have addressed a number of these legal aspects. This paper uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analysis specification, which uses laws and regulations as the primary material. Based on research, currently existing regulations have succeeded in addressing the legal aspects of the Open API Payment. However, to strengthen consumer rights in the Open API Payments, it is still necessary to enact a Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law) and amend the Consumer Law that is more in favor of the interests of consumers.

Controlled outputs, full data: A privacy‐protecting infrastructure for MOOC data

AbstractLearning analytics research presents challenges for researchers embracing the principles of open science. Protecting student privacy is paramount, but progress in increasing scientific understanding and improving educational outcomes depends upon open, scalable and replicable research. Findings have repeatedly been shown to be contextually dependent on personal and demographic variables, so how can we use this data in a manner that is ethical and secure for all involved? This paper presents ongoing work on the MOOC Replication Framework (MORF), a big data repository and analysis environment for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). We discuss MORF's approach to protecting student privacy, which allows researchers to use data without having direct access. Through an open API, documentation and tightly controlled outputs, this framework provides researchers with the opportunity to perform secure, scalable research and facilitates collaboration, replication, and novel research. We also highlight ways in which MORF represents a solution template to issues surrounding privacy and security in the age of big data in education and key challenges still to be tackled. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Personal Identifying Information (PII) has many valid and important research uses in education. The ability to replicate or build on analyses is important to modern educational research, and is usually enabled through sharing data. Data sharing generally does not involve PII in order to protect student privacy. MOOCs present a rich data source for education researchers to better understand online learning. What this paper adds The MOOC replication framework (MORF) 2.1 is a new infrastructure that enables researchers to conduct analyses on student data without having direct access to the data, thus protecting student privacy. Detail of the MORF 2.1 structure and workflow. Implications for practice and/or policy MORF 2.1 is available for use by practitioners and research with policy implications. The infrastructure and approach in MORF could be applied to other types of educational data.

TOE Model Analysis for AI Vision Open API

Recently, there is a growing number of developers have developed software with utilizing open API. This has resulted in much support for the introduction and delivery of open API not only at the corporate level but also at the government level to promote social development through cost reduction and development of new technologies. However, in introducing Open API, an organization must also consider its internal and external environment and individual dimensions, but no research has been conducted on these kinds of factor. This study seeks to discuss about the importance of factors through qualitative analysis and find out which of the various factors should be considered first by the organization to introduce open API in the organization.

PROCESSES OF THE TELECOM OPERATOR’S INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE TRANSFORMATION

The subject of the article is the architecture of information systems of telecom operators (BSS/OSS), requirements for it and the processes of its transformation. The goal is to transform the existing information environment of the operator into an open digital ecosystem, in accordance with business and technological requirements for the functionality and architecture of information systems of communication operators, which will introduce new business models, services and products, communication channels, and increase competitiveness. The following tasks were solved at the study: analysis of the current state of telecommunications and information systems used by telecom operators; analysis of requirements for business support and operational information systems, collection and analysis of requirements for the architecture of modern information systems in the field of telecommunications, analysis of the transformation process from the existing BSS/OSS architecture of the communication operator into the target architecture of the digital communications provider, elaboration of a recommendations for an intermediate architecture. To solve these problems, methods of system and business analysis were used, in particular, methods of analysis of software requirements, technologies for developing software application architecture. The following results were obtained. The current state of the telecommunications services industry, the features of the existing information systems of telecommunications operators (BSS/OSS) and the requirements for the architecture of such systems was analyzed. Strategies of transition to modern architecture was considered and analyzed. The target architecture of the digital service provider's information ecosystem and the process of transforming the existing BSS/OSS architecture into the target architecture were considered. Intermediate migration architecture was proposed. Conclusions: the transformation to modern information architecture will ensure compliance of BSS/OSS systems with market requirements and new technologies, adapt to their changes, allow operators to increase competitiveness, reduce operating and capital costs, create technological conditions for open digital ecosystem and transform the operator into a digital services provider. It was recommended to use an intermediate architecture based on the open standardized TMF API for such transformation.

User’s Activity Classification And Domain Wise Ranking Through Social Interactions

Twitter has gained a significant prevalence among the users across the numerous domains, in the majority of the countries, and among different age groups. It servers a real-time micro-blogging service for communication and opinion sharing. Twitter is sharing its data for research and study purposes by exposing open APIs that make it the most suitable source of data for social media analytics. Applying data mining and machine learning techniques on tweets is gaining more and more interest. The most prominent enigma in social media analytics is to automatically identify and rank influencers. This research is aimed to detect the user's topics of interest in social media and rank them based on specific topics, domains, etc. Few hybrid parameters are also distinguished in this research based on the post's content, post’s metadata, user’s profile, and user's network feature to capture different aspects of being influential and used in the ranking algorithm. Results concluded that the proposed approach is well effective in both the classification and ranking of individuals in a cluster.

Open APIs recommendation with an ensemble-based multi-feature model

Recommending the appropriate APIs from a large volume of Open APIs to application developers both accurately and efficiently has become a challenging problem. Established work usually takes only one feature of Open APIs into account, which decreases the accuracy of recommendations. In order to overcome this problem, we propose an ensemble-based approach to Open APIs recommendation with a multiple feature model, which integrates both machine learning and deep learning and synthesizes a set of multiple features to accurately make the recommendation. This approach employs One-hot, Word2vec similarity and Matrix Factorization techniques to obtain the multiple features information respectively, then concatenates the features to obtain a Multivariate Information Feature (MIF) matrix, and leverages an optimized Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for feature selection. GBDT is good at processing dense numerical features, while GRU is good at processing sparse categorical features, Finally, the results are synthesized to obtain a recommendation result. We have compared our approach with other four Open APIs recommendation approaches on the Programmable Web, and verified the effectiveness of our approach in precision, recall, F1-measure.

The Urgency of Open Application Programming Interface Standardization in the Implementation of Open Banking to Customer Data Protection for the Advancement of Indonesian Banking

Open banking with Application Programming Interface technology (open API) is an initiative that aims to streamline the payment system in Indonesia. Open API allows banks to integrate their systems with fintech and e-commerce by disclosing customer transaction data. This study aims to reveal the urgency of open API standardization in the Indonesian implementation of open banking. The study employed a normative juridical approach to secondary data. The data includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. It also used a qualitative normative data analysis method. It concludes that before the establishment of the National Standard for Open API Payment (SNAP), the process of sharing data among banks and fintech and/or e-commerce was unstandardized. It was only based on agreement among parties. Indonesian banks have different-various standards of the open API that could affect customer data protection. According to the Regulation of the Financial Service Authority Number 12/POJK.03/2018, the relationship between banks and fintech and/or e-commerce in the administration of digital banking services that is based solely on agreements among parties is not strong enough. OJK indeed presents as a supervisory agency. However, the parties will eventually return to an agreement among themselves. In contrast to the Regulation of the Financial Service Authority, the Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors, which is the legal basis for SNAP, provides standards that both service providers and service users must comply with. However, the implementation of SNAP-based open APIs still needs the readiness of personal data protection regulations.

An interactive practice platform of English mobile teaching in colleges and universities based on open API

In order to overcome the problems of long response time, high CPU and memory usage, this paper proposes a new interactive platform based on open API. On the basis of open API protocol, the whole framework of B/S structure design platform is introduced. The platform hardware mainly includes three main components: microprocessor, memory, programmer, etc. through feedback elite teaching optimisation algorithm and open API protocol program, students are graded to complete the design of open API College English mobile teaching interactive practice platform. The experimental results show that the maximum response time is reduced to 0.85, and the CPU utilisation and memory utilisation are reduced to 56.4 and 64.2 when the number of users is the largest, so the evaluation of platform learning investment effect is better.

Bridging the Open Web and APIs: Alternative Social Media Alongside the Corporate Web

Concentrations of power over the internet among a small number of corporate platforms have motivated attempts to build alternative social media. Using the contemporary internet routinely involves relying on a small number of dominant corporate platforms. In reaction against this centralization of power, there are many attempts to build alternative Web technologies that reconfigure the internet’s power structures and enact their own values. However, given the entrenchment of large corporate platforms, this typically involves co-existing with rather than replacing them, at least in the present. Accordingly, it is important to investigate challenges arising when alternative social media operate alongside and even within the systems to which they propose an alternative. We investigate this through an empirical study of the IndieWeb, a community of personal websites with social networking features including syndication to and from corporate platforms. Using GitHub data, we study the development of a tool for this syndication called Bridgy, focusing on its relationship with the Facebook API. By identifying breakdowns in this relationship, we identify the following challenges: translating differing logics between the open Web and APIs, occasional ambiguity in Facebook’s presentation of privacy settings, and ongoing precarity due to API updates. Our analysis illustrates the reality of maintaining alternative technical systems as part of present-day infrastructures and generates insights for building socially empowering technologies for the future.