Open-air Museum Research Articles

Energy saving potential in open museum spaces: A comparative hygrothermal microclimates analysis

Open-spaces Museum consumes a significant amount of energy to provide stable indoor climate for valuable exhibited items. This paper evaluates the energy saving potential of using a local air-conditioning system in open-space museum using simulation-based hygrothermal microclimates analysis. The new Viking Age Museum in Norway is taken as a case study. IDA-ICE building simulation tool was used to evaluate the thermal performance and energy consumption. ANSYS-FLUENT software was employed to assess the indoor (thermo-hygrometric parameters) Tair and relative humidity (RH) distribution, in compliance with ASHRAE requirements for exhibition objects. The simulations were conducted by dividing the large-scale museum into two separate zones and investigating different HVAC systems. Case-1 was the base case, where the open exhibition room including the exhibition object (i.e., Viking ship), is conditioned by a single constant-air-volume air handling unit (CAV-AHU). Two separate CAV-AHUs served the ship as a microclimatic zone and the exhibition room in case-2. Cases-3 and 4 had CAV-AHU for the microclimate zone. Besides, a variable-air-volume air handling unit (VAV-AHU) and a radiant floor system are used to exhibition room in case-3 and 4, respectively. Each simulation was performed during two separate weeks in winter and summer. The results showed that case-4 achieves 48.2% and 55.9% total energy saving from the base system for the winter and summer seasons, respectively. CFD modelling showed that case-4 provides a good uniformity of the Tair and RH around the ship with Tair and RH variation of 1.4 °C and 3.7%RH in winter and 3 °C and 6.5%RH in summer.

Toxic Heritage

In the course of modern museum history, a variety of toxic chemicals have been used to prevent the deterioration of collected objects. The residues of pesticides and preservatives now persist together with the objects they were intended to protect. These chemical conservation technologies are intimately bound up with the unpredictable material agencies that are characteristic of the legacy of Anthropocene residues on a planetary scale. However, chemicals also form part of local, domestic, everyday worlds where they were used to maintain order, prevent loss and ensure material coherence. In this article I investigate Norwegian open-air museums as sites where new chemical products with pesticidal and protective properties were domesticated and placed on trial in the battle against “museum pests” and the decay of wooden buildings. By exploring carbon-based chemicals derived from the waste products of coke production, I reflect on the material convergence of waste and heritage in preserved buildings and how in the early and mid-twentieth century museum conservation came to rely on these unpredictable and highly persistent chemical agents.

Delivering Personalized Content to Open-air Museum Visitors Using Geofencing

This paper presents the architecture and implementation of a service that delivers personalized content to open-air museum visitors. The service uses push notifications to deliver this content. Notifications can be delivered to all visitors or personalized - to a group of visitors or to a specific visitor. The service segments museum visitors according to their location and their profile, which is built dynamically over time. For the geospatial segmentation of visitors, geofencing is used - each visitor is assigned to a segment that corresponds to a specific geographic area - part of an open space or exhibit. The service allows localization of visitors by their GPS coordinates or by estimating their distance from Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. The geofences are described as a polygons or circles. Geospatial segmentation is implemented using a NoSQL database MongoDB, which has built-in capabilities for working with geospatial queries. Depending on the profile, each visitor falls into one or several segments: professional researcher, non-professional researcher, inspiration seeker, casual visitor, and visitors with disabilities. For each visitor, personalized content is delivered, depending on the segments to which the visitor is assigned. The necessary experiments have been conducted and analyzed to prove the applicability of the service for real-time delivery of personalized content.

RECREATIONAL CLUSTER IN THE STRUCTURE OF DNIPRO

The relevance of the article is due to the search for new forms and methods of creating recreation that correspond to the time and social needs. In accordance with the method of experimental design, on the example of the territory of the industrial hub ‘Fabrychnyi’ (Dnipro), the rationality of using the cluster approach to the creation of recreational facilities was demonstrated.
 It is noted that the cluster is both a flexible structural unit of the regional system of recreation and tourism, and a self-sufficient form of territorial organization with its own system of connections and relations.
 The purpose of the project is to empty the territory from industrial buildings for recreation, as well as to redevelop industrial buildings of historical, architectural and aesthetic value into cultural ones. The main focus of the project is to create an exhibition and museum complex with an ‘open-air museum’ and develop pedestrian infrastructure in the park.
 The article considers the possibility of creating a recreational cluster, which will ensure certain continuity of natural framework, regarding its multi-vector formation in the urban structure. This connection of the recreational cluster with water area, will allow reestablishing a pedestrian and recreational framework in the city. It is established that the introduction of a cluster approach will contribute to the greening of the city, and will affect the modeling of ecological infrastructure.

The Open Air Museum and its activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic (on the selected example of Łęczyca Farmstead in Kwiatkówek)

This study is an attempt to present the impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and the restrictions resulting from its development on the activity of Łęczyca Farmstead in Kwiatkówek. This facility is an open air museum/theme park and is part of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź. It was made available to visitors in 2013. As part of the study, efforts were made to present new directions of the museum’s activities shifted into the virtual space, as well as those that are a continuation of the previous activities related to the organization of traditional temporary exhibitions, outdoor activities and promotional events. This presentation is based on the activities undertaken in 2020–2021. While presenting the new directions of activities of Łęczyca Farmstead, particular attention was drawn to the virtual, temporary exhibitions and ethnographic materials published online, concerning e.g. some holidays, rituals or regional issues. Within the framework of this study, efforts were also made to present the fluctuation in the frequency of visitors to the open air museum in the discussed period of time, compared to the years 2013–2019.

Karst Heritage as a Tourist Attraction: a Case Study in the White Desert National Park, Western Desert, Egypt

Geotourism is a form of maintainable tourism that emphasizes the geoheritage characteristics of a district. Karst landforms are one of the most imperative appealing aspects of the theme of nature-based tourism. The geomorphological regionalization of the karst landforms contributes to a better understanding of Earthʼs evolution and provides the necessary provincial knowledge for resource utilization, ecological protection, and general economic improvement. To achieve this goal, an integrated geomorphological approach for inventorying, appraising, and evaluating sites of karst geoheritage within the framework of geomorphosite assessment method convoyed by SWOT analysis has been performed in the White Desert National Park (WDNP), Western Desert, Egypt. The paper aims to highlight the geotourism potential of the WDNP and offer strategic plans for identifying geotourist resources to a larger community through geoeducation and geoconservation. The WDNP is covered by Upper Cretaceous-Late Tertiary karstified carbonate successions and fluvioclastic rocks that host an interesting assemblage of diverse karst landforms (geodiversity) and amazing flora (bioturbation mangrove roots) together with fauna (biodiversity), revealing a geological open-air museum. The karst sites, which offer several phenomena with significant lithological, morphological, and paleogeographic features, embrace aesthetic, educational, scientific/scenic, and touristic values that will endure spectators of the geological evolution of this province. The brilliant conspicuousness, scientific excellence, innovative appeal, and distinctiveness of karst geomorphosites involving poljes/uvalas, karst lakes, natural sculptures, mushrooms, inselbergs, towers/bridges, dolines/sinkholes, cones/domes, and speleothems deliberate resources for the progress of geotourism. These landscapes can be considered tools for science and education because they give knowledge about rock/soil types and rock permeability, and paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic circumstances. Most of their landforms can be used as habitats for endangered bird species, which attract several sightseers, an indicative of ecological significance. This excellent karst geodiversity provides an appreciated tool for geotourism and geopark development that is preferred to raise the local economy for populations and reinforce rural growth in neighboring towns and cities. The paper’s findings reveal a comprehensive base for the improvement, planning, and management of the WDNP in order for it to become a geotourism endpoint. Furthermore, they improve the position of the WDNP in the tourist market and contribute to the local maintainable progress via giving socio-economic assistance to the local community for the advancement of geotourism through geoconservation and sustainability.

Review Essay: The Sicilian World of Gaetano Cipolla

Review Essay: The Sicilian World of Gaetano Cipolla

Northern Memories and the English Middle Ages

Northern Memories and the English Middle Ages

An Evaluation of the Detection Study of the Petroglyphs in the Region of Cholpon-Ata, Kyrgyzstan

The rock paintings (petroglyphs) are seen in different regions and in many parts of the world. They spread around the world, from Southern America to Africa, from Australia to Europe and to Asia. The different symbols and depictions on the rock paintings give various clues about the ethnographic lives as well as the relations of cultures with their surroundings as an indicator of their beliefs. Today, in research on petroglyphs, the meanings of symbols and the origins of the cultures they belong to are mostly discussed within the scope of different topics such as chronological order. In Central Asia, petroglyphs are found in many regions of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. On the northwestern of the city Cholpon-Ata situated on the northern shore of the Issık Lake in Kyrgyzstan found approximately a thousand petroglyphs in various sizes. Today, only a part of this area is enclosed by wire and used as an open air museum and is protected by a watchman sent by a museum in Cholpon-Ata. These monuments, which are proof of ties with past cultures, have unfortunately started to dissolve in the destruction of time, human and nature. Although the petroglyphs in this region are legally protected, they are gradually disappearing due to various factors arising from tourism activities, vandalism, natural life, climatic conditions and the geological structure of the stone. The main purpose of this study is to document these monuments witnessing history, to make basic determinations to create an archive, to bring them to the literature and to contribute to the history, culture and promotion of the country.

Multimedia Brochure Taganrog – the Cultural Capital of the Don (Virtual Open-air Museum) as the Implementation of a Media Educational Project in Museum Pedagogy

Multimedia Brochure Taganrog – the Cultural Capital of the Don (Virtual Open-air Museum) as the Implementation of a Media Educational Project in Museum Pedagogy

Traditional Crafts: Incentive of Sustainable Rural Development. The Contribution of the ASTRA Museum

Abstract Although there is a renewed interest in contemporary society in the simple and natural life in rural areas, the rural intangible heritage, including the traditional crafts, is slowly disappearing. Craftsmen get old and the younger generations seem not to be too open to continuing the craftsmanship. Therefore, stimuli of various types are necessary to action for the revival of traditional crafts. The present contribution presents the strategy of ASTRA Museum, one of the most important open-air museums in Romania, regarding the sustainable development of traditional crafts. It argues how a museum could educate and stimulate cultural tourism through crafts, but also determine and support entrepreneurship in the domain of traditional crafts.

Environmental Integration Criteria to Coordinate Egyptian Heritage Sites as an Open-Air Museum

Environmental Integration Criteria to Coordinate Egyptian Heritage Sites as an Open-Air Museum

ИСТОРИЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ РЕМОНТНО-РЕСТАВРАЦИОННЫХ РАБОТ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДОНСКОГО МУЖСКОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ В 2013–2021 ГГ.

The article is devoted to the comprehensive scientific restoration of architectural monuments and historical necropolis located on the territory of one of the most famous monasteries of the country – the Donskoy Stavropegial men's Monastery. The problem of the preservation of stone sculpture (marble, limestone, sandstone, granite) in an aggressive acid-alkali environment, exposed to the open air is raised. It sets out the main restoration principles and methods applied to specific monuments, as well as lists the types of work consistently undertaken by restorers to save architectural objects on the example of the Old (Small) Cathedral, the Church of Michael Archangel (the Tomb of the Golitsyns), towers, a monastery bath of the XVIII century, as well as works of monumental art, artistic tombstones of the old Don cemetery. It is especially noted that many tombstones made by outstanding masters have given the Don Necropolis the fame of the Open Air Museum. The special value of his collection is emphasized, it is possible to study architectural styles, to learn Russian history, to study complexes of monuments of cult, civil, fortification architecture, objects of monumental art and archaeological heritage, as well as to explore the latest types and methods of restoration work. The restorers have been working diligently for many years to restore the entire ensemble. The information presented in the article may be useful for restorers-practitioners and historians- ethnographers.

Қазақстан археологиясындағы эксперименттік зерттеулердің қалыптасуы

Nowadays the preservation and popularization of the achievements of history among the younger generation are one of the priority directions in archeology. In this aspect, the application of methods of experimental archeology, which in turn experimentally test scientific hypotheses about ancient history, contributes to the development of historical tourism. Based on this, this article analyzes the history of formation and current state of experimental research in Kazakhstan archeology. Along with this, there we provide a brief description of experiments, after which their significance is substantiated. During the study, the scientific works of archaeologists are considered based on the principle of historicism, systemic method. As a result, it is noted that initially experimental studies were carried out within the framework of microwear analysis of stone tools. Later,it was widely used in research focused on the technique and technology of making specific artifacts from the Bronze and Iron Ages. The new stage in the development of this direction was facilitated by the opening of archaeological open-air museums, the holding of international field schools and festivals with historical reconstructions. Thus, experimental archeology plays an important role in establishing historical and educational links between archaeologists-scientists and society.

(Un)Fixing Aloula: Maps, images and paradigms of The Attic (Marble) Landscape

“(Un)fixing Aloula” explores the fragmented landscape of the Open-Air Museum of Quarry Arts in Aloula, Athens. This museum—located in disused marble quarries on Mount Pentelicon and “repaired” by sculptor Nella Golanda and architect Aspasia Kouzoupi—is presented as a “repair-scape”, in which marble remnants were laboriously transformed into a reimagined ground. The “fixing” of this site—the curation of unorganised waste matter into organised material—generated a landscape that is at once restored and yet ruined, a “reciprocal landscape” (following Hutton) in dialogue with Athens and the Attic basin. Through a narration of an encounter with the museum, of a conversation with Golanda and Kouzoupi, and of an imaging of the museum for an exhibition at the Fondation Hellénique, this paper offers a developed reading of the repair-scape as a site of sympoiēsis, and as a site in which our shared image of a city might be continually contested, unfixed.

Концепция создания музея под открытым небом в Ингальской долине

Раскрыт особый историко-культурный потенциал Ингальской долины как ресурса для развития туризма в регионе. Дана оценка текущего состояния и определены ключевые проблемы развития этой территории: большая протяженность; неразвитость туристической инфраструктуры в малых населенных пунктах, отсутствие сезонного использования местности, разрушение объектов археологического и культурного наследия и другие. Предложена концепция создания музея под открытым небом в Ингальской долине посредством развития инфраструктуры и организации разнонаправленных туристических автобусных, велосипедных и пешеходных маршрутов. В состав музея помимо экспозиций войдут архитектурные, археологические и природные памятники как свидетельства историко-культурного наследия региона.

Unravelling the Stability of Nightingale Song Over Time and Space Using Open, Citizen Science and Shared Data

Open science approaches enable and facilitate the investigation of many scientific questions in bioacoustics, such as studies on the temporal and spatial evolution of song, as in vocal dialects. In contrast to previous dialect studies, which mostly focused on songbird species with a small repertoire, here we studied the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), a bird species with a complex and large repertoire. To study dialects on the population level in this species, we used recordings from four datasets: an open museum archive, a citizen science platform, a citizen science project, and shared recordings from academic researchers. We conducted the to date largest temporal and geographic dialect study of birdsong including recordings from 1930 to 2019 and from 13 European countries, with a geographical coverage of 2,652 km of linear distance. To examine temporal stability and spatial dialects, a catalog of 1,868 song types of common nightingales was created. Instead of dialects, we found a high degree of stability over time and space in both, the sub-categories of song and in the occurrence of song types. For example, the second most common song type in our datasets occurred over nine decades and across Europe. In our case study, open and citizen science data proved to be equivalent, and in some cases even better, than data shared by an academic research group. Based on our results, we conclude that the combination of diverse and open datasets was particularly useful to study the evolution of song in a bird species with a large repertoire.

3D Night Illumination of Aphrodisias Open-Air Museum with LED Technology

In recent years, the illumination in Turkey has increased significantly with the spread of LED technology. The main difficulty in illumination historical artifacts is to accurately reveal their identities by animating visual details, content, and emotions with efficient lighting installation, thus preserving their integrity, and carrying them into the future. The study aims to make historical artifacts more attractive with 3D simulation, prevent visual discomfort, and reduce energy loss. This report is the first attempt to address the illumination of the Aphrodisias open-air museum found in the west of Turkey. The 3D simulation is implemented and analysed for the selected zones. The desired results are successfully achieved through the simulation and experimental studies by finding the light sources with performance parameters, such as CCT, CRI, and luminous efficacy according to the location and texture. The results promote modern technologies for the openair museums in Turkey and offer solutions for safe night visits, energy efficient illumination, and enhancing visual aesthetics.

The Role of Pharmaceutical Scientists in the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle as a Value Orientation.

This article focuses on the role pharmaceutical scientists play in achieving social well-being, in particular in the formation of a healthy lifestyle as a value orientation among students and the public in historical retrospect. The following set of research methods was used: a general scientific method, and a historical (chronological, logico-historical, retrospective), personalized, empirical method (including the questioning of pharmaceutical interns and the analytical processing of questionnaires). The territorial boundaries of the study cover Slobozhanshchyna, a historical and geographical region centered in Kharkiv. The educational activities of Slobozhanshchyna’s pharmaceutical scientists during the 19th and early-20th centuries, as well as in the modern period, are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that the role of pharmaceutical scientists in forming the environment for the development of a harmonious, spiritually and physically developed personality in historical retrospect is important. It is noted that the founders of pharmaceutical education in Ukraine initiated educational activity as a means for promoting the formation of a healthy lifestyle in the educational space and outside of the Imperial Kharkov University. The changes in the public and educational activities recommended for forming a healthy lifestyle among Slobozhanshchyna’s medical scientists and naturalists during the Imperial era have been generalized. The analysis of the research sources and questionnaires of pharmaceutical interns allowed us to assert that, in modern times, Slobozhanshchyna’s pharmaceutical scientists are trying to organize socially useful activities, taking into account the best achievements of the founders of pharmaceutical education in Ukraine. The “orientation to a healthy lifestyle of representatives of the institution of higher pharmaceutical education” has been proposed. This includes the adoption of a set of material, social, and spiritual benefits and ideals considered to be objects of purpose in the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle by employees and students (i.e., part of the implementation of the mission of the University), and using these as tools to meet the needs of both university representatives and ordinary citizens. This article contains a number of factors that mediated the formation of a healthy lifestyle as a value orientation of an individual, including: (a) the circumstances of the individual’s life (the conditions of education of the individual); (b) the individual’s consciousness reflecting the general and specific conditions of their personality formation; (c) the motivation of the real behavior mediated by the subject’s activities. The presence of these factors was identified as typical for the health-saving educational environment. This article provides recommendations regarding the following measures for the organization and effective promotion of a healthy lifestyle by modern pharmaceutical scientists: provide an opportunity to study the peculiarities of the organization of educational activities by scientists of the past to students and specialists in the pharmaceutical field; open museum expositions devoted to the problem of healthcare; conduct master class lectures and educational events devoted to the problem of forming a comprehensively developed personality; involve students in joint research on the problem of active longevity; provide informational support to educators and the public through scientific and popular science publications; conduct awareness-raising work with the population in order to create a health-saving environment.

Open-air Museums – the Future of the Presentation of Spiritual and Architectural Heritage

The origins of “open-air museums” date back to the nineteenth century and from the very beginning were closely linked to efforts to capture, preserve and present folk culture. However, during the course of the twentieth century, especially in its later part, the concept of open-air museums began to expand. Open-air museums were founded that focused on urban, industrial and military environments, ecological issues, or on charting the life of prehistoric and ancient cultures. Along with this, the methodological concept for this specific type of institution saw some development, and the interdisciplinary approaches expanded in response, covering a wide range of humanities as well as natural sciences. Besides the academic approach, a social and community overlap is also required from these institutions. This article poses the question of how the concept of open-air museums can continue to develop and what direction the role of presenting cultural heritage in an open landscape could take in the future. The arguments herein are based on the philosophical and spiritual dimension of man’s dwelling in the world and his relationship to the landscape in which he lives. We believe that the future of open-air museums should, wherever possible, focus on the preservation of monuments in their historical context and especially in their natural links in terms of landscape, urbanism and architecture. To ensure this concept remains sustainable, it is necessary that these monuments be involved in the life of villages and communities, ideally also on the basis of cooperation between academia and local entities, which are usually villages or municipalities and citizens’ initiatives. Examples of such a direction can be seen in the founding and running of Rochus Park in the Uherské Hradiště region and in the concept of the association of villages called Mariánská zahrada in the Jičín region, both in the Czech Republic.