Opacity Research Articles

Biodegradable active composite film based on pea protein isolate, sage seed gum, and cumin essential oil: Fabrication and characterization

The present study perused the physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, and optical properties of pea protein isolate (PPI)-Sage seed gum (SG) (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) composite films incorporated with cuminum essential oil (CEO, 0, 1, and 2 %). Results indicated that the thickness, contact angle (CA), yellowness index (a*), total color differences (∆E), and opacity (OP) significantly enhanced with increasing PPI portion and CEO concentration (p < 0.05), as well as heterogeneous and inconsistent structure were increased in film surface due to protein agglomeration and oil droplets. However, the moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and swelling ratio (SR) decreased. Results also indicated that the antioxidant property significantly increased (P < 0.05) following the increase in CEO concentration. The highest tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) and the least elongation at break (EAB) in PPI 3-SG 1–0 % were estimated. The potential antimicrobial property of CEO containing film was confirmed, and the maximum inhibition zone for E.coli, S.aureus, C.albicans, and A.niger were measured in film containing 2 % CEO. The barrier properties of the film against water and oxygen (WVP, OXP) diminished with increases the SG ratios, due to the hydrophilic nature of SG. The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups in film components and the interaction between film components. The DSC thermogram indicated the thermal stability of films and the highest decomposition temperature in PPI 3-SG 1–2 % film. XRD revealed a semi-crystalline structure of biopolymer active films. With the increase of SG portion and CEO concentration, the crystallinity of the films was enhanced. Results also indicated that prepared films were more than 90 % biodegradable.

Optimization of an edible film formulation by incorporating carrageenan and red wine lees into fish gelatin film matrix

The study aimed to use response surface methodology (RSM) to create and understand a novel edible film made from fish gelatin (FG). This film includes wine lees (WL) and carrageenan (CAR). The concentrations of WL (0, 1, 2, and 3 %) and CAR (0, 1, and 3 %) were considered independent variables. The process variable combinations for the optimal response functions were 1.926 % WL and 3 % CAR, forming soft and rigid films with low tensile strength (TS) and high elongation at break (EAB%). Based on the evaluation of each response, FG film had the highest TS value, FG/CAR(3 %) film had the maximum EAB, and FG/WL (3 %)/CAR (3 %) film had the lowest vapor permeability (WVP) and the highest opacity (OP). The incorporation of WL considerably improved the functional properties of these films, enabling strong antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. Characterization of the films with analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated a considerable interaction between WL and FG, indicating a high level of compatibility between the two substances. Our data suggest that the formulation of edible films can be adjusted to fit the specific requirements of the design.

Predictors of Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Maxillary Central Incisors Using Bayesian Model Selection

Introduction: Localized non-inheritable developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) are classified as enamel hypoplasia (EH), opacity (OP), and post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) using the enamel defects index. To better understand the etiology of DDE, we assessed the linkages amongst exposome variables for these defects during the specific time duration for enamel mineralization of the human primary maxillary central incisor enamel crowns. In general, these two teeth develop between 13 and 14 weeks in utero and 3–4 weeks’ postpartum of a full-term delivery, followed by tooth eruption at about 1 year of age. Methods: We utilized existing datasets for mother-child dyads that encompassed 12 weeks’ gestation through birth and early infancy, and child DDE outcomes from digital images of the erupted primary maxillary central incisor teeth. We applied a Bayesian modeling paradigm to assess the important predictors of EH, OP, and PEB. Results: The results of Gibbs variable selection showed a key set of predictors: mother’s prepregnancy body mass index (BMI); maternal serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus at gestational week 28; child’s gestational age; and both mother’s and child’s functional vitamin D deficiency (FVDD). In this sample of healthy mothers and children, significant predictors for OP included the child having a gestational period >36 weeks and FVDD at birth, and for PEB included a mother’s prepregnancy BMI <21.5 and higher serum phosphorus concentration at week 28. Conclusion: In conclusion, our methodology and results provide a roadmap for assessing timely biomarker measures of exposures during specific tooth development to better understand the etiology of DDE for future prevention.

És «back to my point» un marcador pragmàtic? Una investigació sobre el desenvolupament històric d’alguns marcadors de gestió del discurs metatextual en anglès

Els marcadors de gestió del discurs (DMM) que “assenyalen un metacomentari sobre l’estructura del discurs” (Fraser 2009) estan àmpliament provats per les dades històriques. La majoria de marcadors de gestió del discurs (per exemple, and, anyway, by the way, but, now, then) compleixen criteris ben coneguts per als marcadors pragmàtics com la multifuncionalitat, l’opacitat, l’opcionalitat, la (inter)subjectivitat, la freqüència relativament alta i la brevetat. Tanmateix, diversos casos citats a Fraser (2009), molts d’aquests marcadors d’orientació temàtica, no els compleixen (per exemple, back to my original point, to return to my previous topic, if I might continue). Proposo que un acostament al desenvolupament dels DMM faci una distinció entre adverbis adjunts, adverbis conjunts i marcadors pragmàtics (per exemple, Hasselgård 2010). Hipotèticament, el canvi pot seguir la tendència: adverbis adjunts &gt; adverbis conjunts (&gt; DMM). Aquest enfocament explica canvis graduals de forma i significat, i és coherent amb una perspectiva d’ús del llenguatge com a sistema dinàmic basat en esdeveniments d’ús (Kemmer &amp; Barlow 1999; Langacker 2008).

COVID-19 na pediatria: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica que trata sobre o comportamento clínico, laboratorial e radiológico da COVID-19 na população pediátrica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A seleção da amostra deu-se por meio das bases de dados da PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO e LILACS, utilizando os descritores (("COVID-19" OR "SARS COV 2") AND Child). Resultados: 11 artigos compuseram o resultado desse estudo. Quanto ao comportamento clínico, os sinais e sintomas são leves e os mais comuns foram febre, tosse algum sintoma gastrointestinal. Quanto às alterações laboratoriais, quadros de leucopenia, neutropenia e aumento da proteína C reativa foram as mais frequentes. E, por fim, quanto aos achados radiológicos, os estudos descrevem opacidade vidro fosco na maioria dos casos. Um achado importante apontado pelos estudos foi que, mesmo após a remoção do vírus do trato respiratório, a infecção gastrointestinal viral e a potencial transmissão fecal-oral podem continuar. Conclusão: Os casos de infecção por COVID-19 em pediatria ainda são pouco relatados quando comparado aos casos em adultos. Faz-se necessários novos estudos para um melhor aprofundamento e conhecimento sobre a temática envolvendo os pacientes pediátricos, para assim subsidiar o processo de cuidado.

톰 무어 애니메이션의 매체 불투명성에 대한 고찰

본 연구는 테크놀로지에 의한 극사실주의적 스펙터클이 주류를 차지하는 극장용 애니메이션계에서 독특한 대안을 제시하고 있는 톰 무어 감독의 작품세계를 살펴보고 그의 작품에서 나타나는 특성들을 분석했다.BR 수작업 애니메이션을 고수하고 있는 톰 무어 감독은 자칫 단조로워 보일 수 있는 평면적 캐릭터들과 배경에 각 작품의 시대와 문화적 배경에 가장 합당한 패턴과 모티프를 채워 넣어 화면을 구성한다. 하나하나의 소재의 표현에 있어서 뿐만 아니라 채워진 공간과 여백을 배치하는 스테이징 방식 역시 작품의 시대와 문화와 일관성을 가지고 있다. 잘 짜여진 화면은 관객의 눈을 즐겁게 하는 동시에 이야기에 더욱 쉽게 몰입할 수 있도록 시대와 문화적 분위기를 조성한다.BR 톰 무어의 작품들은 모두 부분적으로나마 르네상스적 원근법에서 이탈된 화면을 보여준다. 원근법적 화면이 관객의 눈을 대신하여 공간과 상황을 체험하게 한다면 비원근법적 화면은 관객이 알아야 할 의미를 다양한 크기와 방향으로 제시함으로써 상황을 요약하여 이해시키는 것으로, 감독은 시각의 모사에 가까운 원근법적 화면들 사이에 의미의 배치라는 비원근법적 화면을 번갈아 끼워 몽타주함으로써 영화에 낯선 리듬을 도입한다.BR 이러한 충돌은 관객으로 하여금 익숙한 디제시스에 대한 자동적 인식을 잠시 멈추고 애니메이션이라는 매체 자체를 보게 만든다. 이러한 매체 자신의 드러냄은 고전적 내러티브 영화들이 추구하던 매체 투명성과는 정반대이지만, 이 불투명성 자체가 기존의 내러티브 구조에 새로운 역동성을 도입한다. 톰 무어의 애니메이션은 정교한 패턴으로 채워진 화면 구성과 이미지 방식의 충돌적 몽타주를 통해 관객에게 스펙터클과 내러티브의 결합에 대한 새로운 미적경험을 준다.

COVID-19 e odontoiatria: una nuova sfida

Obiettivi Tra la fine del 2019 e l’inizio del 2020 in Cina è stato identificato un nuovo virus che si è poi diffuso rapidamente in tutto il mondo, causando una patologia respirato­ria acuta (COVID-19) spesso pau­ci-sintomatica ma potenzialmente letale. Il nuovo coronavirus, nomi­nato Sars-CoV-2, appartiene a una famiglia di patogeni virali det­ta Coronoviridae e presenta … Continued

Accounting Transparency of Non-Governmental Organizations: A Case Study of the Red Cross in China and Spain

En la actualidad, las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) están cada vez más involucradas en los asuntos internacionales, al tiempo que se enfrentan al creciente déficit de confianza debido a la opacidad del entorno de la información. Esto no sólo afecta el efecto del financiamiento de las ONGs, sino que también disminuye la confianza del público en este tipo de organismos e influye en su sostenibilidad. Por lo tanto, la transparencia en las ONG es importante. Este trabajo se enmarca en el ámbito de la transparencia contable, su concepto y sus métodos de valoración a través de un estudio comparativo entre la Cruz Roja China (RCSC) y la Cruz Roja Española tomado como ejemplo para evaluar sus niveles de transparencia; e investigando la importancia de la normativa en la difusión de la información. El análisis comparativo de estas ONGs en ambos países, a través de sus respectivas páginas web, muestra la importancia de la normativa sobre transparencia de estos organismos (determinando qué tipo de información es voluntaria y cuál es obligatoria), ya que si bien no existe una gran diferencia en el grado de transparencia, sí es cierto que no publican exactamente la misma información, sobre todo en el área financiera, que es precisamente la más necesaria para generar confianza en los donantes. Por lo tanto, este trabajo ofrece una interesante y valiosa contribución tanto para los académicos como para los profesionales.

과다적용 불투명성과 함의결합의 방향성

과다적용 불투명성과 함의결합의 방향성

Deliberative Sincerity and the Opacity of the Self

Deliberative Sincerity and the Opacity of the Self

Yapay Sinir Ağı Kullanarak Kanola Yağı Biyodizel Karışımları İçin Motor Performansı, Yanma ve Emisyon Tahmini

Bu çalışmada bir dizel motorda kullanılan dizel yakıtı ve kanola yağından üretilen biyodizel karışımlarının; emisyon, performans ve yanma deneysel verileri ile yapay sinir ağları ile oluşturulan modelin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Modelin oluşturulması için 44 farklı motor deney sonuçları kullanılmıştır. Ağın eğitiminde geri beslemeli algoritma kullanılmıştır. Öğrenme algoritması olarak trainlm, gizli katmanda logsig ve çıkış katmanında ise purelin fonksiyonları kullanılmıştır. Ağ eğitiminde giriş değişkenleri: karışımdaki dizel yakıt oranı, kanola yağı biyodizel oranı, motor devri ve motor momentidir. Çıkışta ise özgül yakıt tüketimi (ÖYT), egzoz sıcaklığı, yanma verimi, püskürtme başlangıcı, yanma başlangıcı, tutuşma gecikmesi, yanma süresi, duman koyuluğu ve NOx değerlerinin her biri için ayrı model oluşturulmuştur. YSA modellerinin R2 değerleri tutuşma gecikmesi için 0,998, yanma süresi için 0,992, duman koyuluğu için 0,984, NOx için ise 0,990 olarak hesaplanmıştır. R2 değerleri ÖYT, egzoz sıcaklığı, yanma verimi, püskürtme başlangıcı ve yanma başlangıcı değerleri için ise 0,999‘dan yüksek bulunmuştur.

Territory: Universe (Translexical Opacity)

Territory: Universe (Translexical Opacity)

Effects of Different Thermal Treatment Methods on Preparation and Physical Properties of High Amylose Maize Starch Based Films

Abstract Because of its biodegradable trait, starch has been widely used as the raw material for packaging. Effects of different thermal treatment methods (high temperature-high pressure heating (HH), microwave heating (MH) and alkali heating (AH) with and without glycerol on physical properties of high amylose maize starch films (HASFs) were investigated in this study. HASFs under HH had highest elongation at break (E%), and lowest tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (EM) and opacity (OC). HASFs under MH had highest TS, water holding capacity (WHC) and OC, and lowest thickness (TN), E%, solubility in water (SW) and solubility in oil (SO), while HASFs under AH had highest TN, EM, SW and SO, and lowest WHC. Compared with water, plasticized HASFs with glycerol had higher TN，E%, WHC, SW and OC, and lower TS, EM and SO. XRD results revealed the V-type polymorph and the difference in intensity of diffraction peaks of HASFs under three methods. This study would be helpful to design and prepare HASFs.

Breakdown of demarcated opacities related to molar-incisor hypomineralization: a longitudinal study.

This prospective longitudinal study aimed to evaluate if the occurrence of post-eruptive breakdown of demarcated opacities in hypomineralized teeth is influenced by the color or location of the opacity. Patients diagnosed with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) between 2012 and 2014 were eligible. Two calibrated examiners performed the initial and follow-up evaluations according to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Sixty-five patients were included. Fifty-eight (89.2%), with a mean age of 8.8years (SD: 1.4), were reassessed after 1year. Two hundred and nine of 1155 tooth surfaces were considered for the study: 86 with white opacity (OP-W), 91 with yellow opacity (OP-Y), and 32 with enamel breakdown (EB). From the OP-W, OP-Y, and EB, 14, 27.5, and 46.9% worsened to breakdown exposing dentin, atypical restoration, or extraction (DB + RA or EXT), respectively. Yellow opacities tended to be more prone to breakdown than white opacities. The occurrence of EB, DB + AR, or EXT was not influenced by the location (p = 0.25). The color of the opacity seems to play an important role on the occurrence of fracture and should be considered as a potential predictor. Dentists should be aware that demarcated opacities related to MIH tend to fracture over time. Moreover, children with MIH should be seen at shorter intervals.

Effect of Compression Ratio, Injection Pressure and Injection Timing on Performance and Smoke Emissions of CI engine Fuelled with Waste Fried Oil Methyl Esters - Diesel Blend

Objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of Compression Ratio (CR) and injection parameters such as Injection Pressure (IP), Injection Timing (IT) on the performance and emissions of diesel engine. Biodiesel, produced through transesterification from waste fried oil, blended with diesel was used as fuel. Necessary modifications were carried out to achieve variation in input parameters such as Compression ratio, Injection pressure and injection timing. Tests were carried out using different CRs (16, 17, 18, and 19), ITs (24o, 27o and 30o BTDC) and IPs (200, 225 and 250 bar) at 3 kW engine load and 1500 rpm. The results showed that Brake Thermal Efficiency increased (BTE) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) decreased with increase in CR from 16 to 18. While minor reduction in BTE with increase in BSFC was observed for further increase in CR from 18 to 19. Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) found decreased with reduction in smoke opacity (OP) with increase in CR. The best results for BSFC, and BTE were observed at CR of 18, IP of 250 bar and original IT of 27o BTDC. For tested fuel, an increase in IP, IT and CR leaded to increase in EGT and reduction in OP.

Thelazia callipaeda: vigilance is the best course of action

Thelazia callipaeda is a parasitic nematode inhabiting the conjunctival sac (often under the lids and/or the nictitating membrane) of dogs, cats, rabbits and wildlife, causing ocular signs and lesions that...

Decoupled Opacity Optimization for Points, Lines and Surfaces

Decoupled Opacity Optimization for Points, Lines and Surfaces

Forms of Opacity: Roaches, Blood, and Being Stuck in Xandra Ibarra's Corpus

Forms of Opacity: Roaches, Blood, and Being Stuck in Xandra Ibarra's Corpus

Indexicality, Agency, and Opacity: In Defense of the Received View

Indexicality, Agency, and Opacity: In Defense of the Received View

Multiple pulmonary cavitary nodules with pyoderma gangrenosum in patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative neutrophilic disorder of skin. Its pulmonary manifestations are uncommon and only less than forty cases have been reported in the literature previously. PG is associated with variable systemic diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease and hematologic malignancies. It reported rarely in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report a case of PG lung involvement in patient with RA associated interstitial lung disease. A 66-year-old woman presented with productive cough and recurrent ulcerative lesion on her left ankle. She had a 15-year history of RA associated interstitial lung disease and treated with methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine and methylprednisolone. On physical examination, there were a few tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules ranging from 1 to 3 cm in diameter on her left thigh and left elbow. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are negative. Her chest CT scan demonstrated multifocal cavitary consolidations on the background of reticular opacity and honeycombing. Punch biopsy of erythematous nodule on thigh showed neutrophilic abscess with necrotic debris. The skin and lung lesions were rapidly improved with 0.5 mg/kg/day of prednisolone.