One Acyl-CoA binding protein(ACBP) encoding gene was isolated from testis of Onychostoma macrolepis using homologous cloning and the RACE method. The full Oma-ACBP cDNA(GenBank accession no: JN254628) was 503 bp long and comprised 37 bp of the 5'-Untranslated Regions(UTR), 267 bp of the coding sequence(CDS) encoding a 88 amino acid proteins, and 199 bp of the 3'- Untranslated Regions(UTR) with the polyA tail. A condensed phylogenetic tree show that Oma-ACBP had similarities with vasas of fish species and even mammal and amphibian species, The Oma-ACBP shared 92% sequenced identity with Cyprinus carpio and 91% with Carassius auratus, including a conserved FABP domain, the result enriches our understanding in the study of sequence classification in Onychostoma macrolepis. The Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that Oma-ACBP was highly expressed in intestine, spleen and liver, but weakly in testis, ovary, heart, brain, cheek, muscle and eye. It was highly expressed in liver and spleen(42% of dietary protein), weakly expressed in intestine (52% of dietary protein). In starvation challenge, the expression was weakly expressed from 5 day to 8 day, and highly expressed from 3 day to 5 day, and the expression kept stabilizing until the end of the experiment.