Ontology Model Research Articles

К вопросу о линиях интерпретации феномена гражданской войны в античной философии: stasis и bellum civile

The concept of civil war remains relatively underdeveloped given a steadily increasing interest of political philosophers in the study of civil conflicts in general. The multi-layered genealogy of this notion includes elements of significantly different approaches to its definition. The two divergent lines of interpretation of the phenomenon of civil wars can be traced back to the ancient philosophy: the Greek stasis and the Roman bellum civile. In recent years, the concept of stasis is making a comeback to the academic circles due to its use in the works of Nicole Loraux, Giorgio Agamben and a number of other authors. At the same time, the dominant approach to analyzing civil wars is based primarily on their perception in line with the Roman concept, which presupposes a monistic social ontology model and has significant limitations when applied to modern conditions. In the article, the author analyzes the main features of the perception of the phenomenon of civil wars in the ancient Greek and Roman philosophy. Based on the texts of Plato and Aristotle, who elaborated the theory of stasis in the most systematic way, the author demonstrates that admitting the possibility to overcome just the extreme external manifestations of stasis (but not to eradicate it altogether) inevitably impacts the evaluation of the importance of pluralism in the life of a political community, the interpretation of the actions of the defeated party and memory politics. Hence, the author analyzes how the perception of a civil conflict as a phenomenon inherent in the life of the polis and, in one form or another, an “inevitable evil”, can again be relevant in the context of the philosophical and political discussions of the 21st century.

Mechanical failure analysis of drill string aggravated by stuck pipe after high-temperature melting-cutting operations

High-temperature melt cutting is an important technology for fast cutting and unjamming of downhole jammed tubular rods, but due to the well depth and mud environment, it cannot completely cut through the large wall thickness tubular rods such as weighted drill pipe, and it needs to be damaged by external load applied by drilling rig. The shape of the drill pipe kerf after the melt cutting operation is not the same, so the size of the applied external load needs to be further investigated. To address this problem, firstly, this paper establishes the Johnson-Cook ontology and failure model of S135 steel grade drilling tools based on the high temperature tensile test; secondly, according to the characteristics of the weighted drill pipe melt-cutting notch, a finite element model for mechanical damage failure analysis of weighted drill pipe with melt-cutting notch is established, and the reliability of the model is verified; lastly, the influence of high temperature and different notch characteristics (melt-cutting depth, circumferential cutting angle, Finally, the effects of high temperature and different notch characteristics (depth of cut, circumferential cutting angle, number of perforations) on the mechanical failure capacity of weighted drill pipe with fusion notch are analysed. The results show that the errors of the maximum stresses and strains of the samples obtained from the tensile fracture simulations at 20 °C and 400 °C and the maximum stresses and fracture strains obtained from the experiments are within 9 %, which verifies the accuracy of the model. Tensile loading was more effective than compressive loading in destroying the drill pipe; the change in loading speed had a small effect of 4.1 % on the tensile force required to destroy the drill pipe. The damage load of the drill pipe and the pressure acting on the cross-section of the fusion cut decreases with the increase of the fusion cutting depth; the damage load required decreases with the increase of the circumferential cutting angle and the number of openings, but the pressure acting on the cross-section of the fusion cut does not decrease. The softening effect of high temperature on the drill pipe is very obvious, and the tensile capacity of the drill pipe is attenuated by 80.6 % at a temperature of 800 °C. The research work can improve the operation process of cutting and unjamming thick-walled drilling tools in deep wells and guide the field operation to achieve the purpose of rapid unjamming.

Toward a Representation of Semantic Change in Linked Data

In this article, we introduce a new framework, the Intensional–Ontological Model (IOM), for representing meaning, and especially for representing semantic change, in linguistic linked data resources. This framework, which makes use of previous work in the literature on lexical semantics and ontologies, is intended to help clarify what we mean when we model semantic change and to assist in elaborating different ontology patterns for doing so. In this work, we assume a simple architecture, one which is at the basis of the well-known OntoLex-Lemon vocabulary and which consists of one or more lexicons linked to an ontology. Our model, which is based on this architecture and informed by previous work on word senses and ontologies, is intended to provide a clear interpretation for the modelling of both onomasiological and semiasological changes, in both static and dynamic versions. This article describes how the IOM framework represents word meaning as the relationship between a word and an ontological concepts in the ’static’ case, demonstrating that the IOM is compatible with OntoLex-Lemon (while at the same time providing a greater level of detail as to the meaning of the ’sense’ and ’reference’ relationships). It then goes on to detail how the IOM can help us understand how to model semantic shifts in linked data lexical resources with a focus on conceptual change and the addition of temporal information to semantic shift data.

Approaches to automating processes of working with ontological resources

Ontological models are extensively used in information support systems that offer resources and services for solving management, design, and scientific and technical problems. Specifically, domain ontologies are commonly utilized in decision support systems. In the ontological modeling of complex systems, there arises a need to automate the process-es of handling ontological resources. This work discusses the main software systems and methodologies for ontological modeling, approaches to automating the processes of creating, populating, and using ontological models, and considers the temporal aspect of the ontological representation of objects. The aim of the work is to explore methods for auto-mating the life cycle of ontological resources and to analyze the extent of their adaptation in applied ontologies. The work highlights a relatively high degree of automation in the process of populating ontologies and the use of large lan-guage models in this process. However, it points out the lack of methods for automating the conversion of information from tables and diagrams into ontological models, as well as for validating and processing the content of the model. Promising directions for automating work with ontological resources are also indicated.

Ансамбль онтологических моделей для обеспечения интеллектуальной поддержки лазерных аддитивных технологических процессов

Barriers hindering the use of additive manufacturing processes for metal parts production are discussed. The necessity of integrating an intelligent decision support system (DSS) into the professional activities of laser additive manufactur-ing engineers is substantiated. The advantages of the developed ontological two-level approach for forming semantic information are highlighted. This approach's peculiarity lies in separating ontological models from the databases and knowledge formed on their basis—target information. The ontology dictates the rules for the structured formation and interpretation of target information. An ensemble of ontological models, forming the foundation of the developed intel-ligent system, is presented. The composition of the ensemble, the purpose of its individual components, and possible types of connections between them are described. The ensemble includes ontologies for reference databases on equip-ment and materials for laser additive manufacturing, an archive of protocols for technological operations of laser pro-cessing, a knowledge base about settings for laser processing modes, and a database of mathematical models. The en-semble of ontological models is implemented on the IACPaaS cloud platform using its tools. Ontologies, databases, knowledge bases, and a decision support system are part of the Laser Additive Manufacturing Knowledge Portal. Ac-cumulating and using the knowledge and experience from different technologists in the portal will reduce the number of preliminary experiments needed to identify suitable technological modes and lower the qualification requirements for users of technological equipment.

Creation of a Medical Knowledge Base for Unify the Development of Clinical Decision Support Systems Based on the National Metathesaurus

Background: The rapid growth in the volume of medical data, the extensive possibilities of information technology, the transfer of medical document flow to electronic format generates a high demand for the introduction of information and reference assistance tools and clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Work on the creation of CDSS currently combines the expert activities of doctors with the work of information technology specialists, mathematical statisticians, data scientists, knowledge engineers. Most of the developments involving the formation of knowledge bases are created in isolation, without the use of universal approaches that allow combining various solutions. At the heart of any medical knowledge base (MKB) there is a thesaurus, which is a systematized dictionary of terms that helps to standardize terminology, which makes it possible to speed up the search and exchange of information. It includes concept terms and relationships between them, as well as synonyms and various attributes. Aims — creation of a national medical metathesaurus, built on the ontological principle and the development of MKB based on it. Methods. International systematized dictionary of medical terms UMLS (Unified Medical Language System); clinical recommendations for 22 groups of nosologies; reference books of the federal portal of normative reference information of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; electronic medical records – 330 thousand (dataset MIMIC-IV); abstracts of PubMed publications-28 million. Semantic analyzers SemRep (Semantic Repository) and MetaMap were used; methods for evaluating lexical similarity, connectivity, contextual combinability of entities in a subgraph, and mathematical statistics. Results. The first version of the Unified National Medical Nomenclature (UNMN) has been created. It is proved that ontological models are an effective way of presenting structured information. Components of information search engines have been created. Analytical tools for working with metathesaurus have been developed. Conclusions. On the basis of the UNMN and the created tools, it is possible to automate the formation of a clinical picture of the disease (knowledge base) and single-platform development of the CDSS.

Онтологический подход в управлении адаптивной подготовкой групп специалистов

An integrated approach to solving the problems of managing the adaptive training process for groups of specialists is proposed, allowing for the consideration of changing external and internal factors, as well as the dynamics of changes in the specialists' training levels. This approach enables rapid adjustment of the training scenario to current situations. The implementation is based on ontological and predictive modeling of the adaptive training process. The article de-scribes the meta-ontology for adaptive training of specialist groups in organizational and technical systems for auto-mated training process management. It discusses an approach to solving problems of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing the cycle of intelligent management of adaptive training for specialist groups using meta-ontology. The de-veloped meta-ontology enables automatic determination of trainees' knowledge and skills, stored in their profiles and updated based on completed training stages. This increases the efficiency of forming control actions (educational and training tasks) and improves the quality of training.

An Ontological Model to Enhance Traffic Conditions in Smart City Domain

The rising trend of the increasing interconnection of city services refers to the growing integration and interconnectedness of various urban systems and services through the utilization of technology and data. One of the primary objectives of smart city initiatives is to establish more efficient and sustainable urban environments by optimizing resource utilization and infrastructure. In this paper, we introduce a traffic ontology named "TrafCsOnto," which encompasses a comprehensive range of traffic concepts. The primary aim of this ontology is to address traffic congestion issues within the smart city context. The formalization of this ontology has been carried out using the OWL language and the protégé tool. We endeavor to illustrate the practical application of the traffic ontology through the manipulation of real-world instances and inferences.

An enhanced domain ontology model of database course in computing curricula

The ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula 2020 includes the study of relational databases in four of its six disciplines. However, a domain ontology model of multidisciplinary database course does not exist. Therefore, the current study aims to build a domain ontology model for the multidisciplinary database course. The research process comprises three phases: a review of database course contents based on the ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula 2020, a literature review of relevant domain ontology models, and a design research phase using the NeOn methodology framework. The ontology building involves the ontology reuse and reengineering of existing models, along with the construction of some classes from a non-ontological resource. The approach to ontology reuse and reengineering demonstrates ontology reusability. The final domain ontology model is then evaluated using two ontology syntactic metrics: Relationship Richness and Information Richness. These metrics reflect the diversity of relationships and the breadth of knowledge in the model, respectively. In conclusion, the current research contributes to the Computing Curricula by providing an ontology model for a multidisciplinary database course. The model, developed through ontology reuse and reengineering and the integration of non-ontological resources, exhibits more diverse relationships and represents a broader range of knowledge.

Developing a computational representation of human physical activity and exercise using open ontology-based approach: a Tai Chi use case.

Many studies have examined the impact of exercise and other physical activities in influencing the health outcomes of individuals. These physical activities entail an intricate sequence and series of physical anatomy, physiological movement, movement of the anatomy, etc. To better understand how these components interact with one another and their downstream impact on health outcomes, there needs to be an information model that conceptualizes all entities involved. In this study, we introduced our early development of an ontology model to computationally describe human physical activities and the various entities that compose each activity. We developed an open-sourced biomedical ontology called the Kinetic Human Movement Ontology that reused OBO Foundry terminologies and encoded in OWL2. We applied this ontology in modeling and linking a specific Tai Chi movement. The contribution of this work could enable modeling of information relating to human physical activity, like exercise, and lead towards information standardization of human movement for analysis. Future work will include expanding our ontology to include more expressive information and completely modeling entire sets of movement from human physical activity.

Security Ontology in a Virtual University

Abstract In this paper we propose a cybersecurity ontology model designed for universities, aiming to facilitate the management and protection of sensitive data and information within the context of the growing cybersecurity threats. The proposed ontology includes four distinct hierarchical levels: the basic level, the conceptual level, the instance level and the relationships level. At the basic level, it defines essential terms and principles of cybersecurity, including concepts like vulnerability, threat, cyber-attack, security policies and security rules. At the conceptual level, the ontology categorizes information and cybersecurity systems, embracing domains such as data protection, authentication, authorization, and auditing. At the instance level, the ontology describes specific examples of information and cybersecurity systems used in universities, such as the library management system or the accounting management system. At the relationships level, the ontology establishes links between different categories of information and cybersecurity systems, as well as between these systems and the entities that use them, such as students, professors and administrative staff. By implementing this cybersecurity ontology, universities can improve the management and protection of their sensitive data and information, as well as respond more efficiently to cybersecurity threats.

Research on the Historical Remain of the Bombard of Chongqing Ontological Model from the Perspective of Digital Humanities

Based on the perspective of digital humanities, taking the example of the historical remain of the bombard of Chongqing, this research explores the possibilities of digital communication of the historical remain of the bombard of Chongqing through specific methodssuch as multi-source clustering, resource indexing, knowledge reorganization, and interactive operations. The semantic ontology model can achieve a multidimensional stereoscopic description of the historical remain of the bombard of Chongqing with heterogeneous data from multiple sources. This facilitates the in-depth integration of related resources of relic objects, designing an ontology model that aligns with the unique characteristics of Chongqing's red culture. The study also discusses the technical and expansion paths of the ontology model for war relics, aiming to provide insights and references for the integration of digital resources and the digital preservation and dissemination of the historical remain of the bombard. To achieve the preservation of Chinese historical and cultural heritage.

FiReS: A semantic model for advanced querying and prediction analysis for first responders in post-disaster response plans

Natural disasters have emerged as a recurring and severe menace to the sustainability of countries, resulting in compromised environmental and infrastructural integrity, human fatalities, and significant economic repercussions. Prompt and effective response by first responders is essential in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) to reduce individuals' vulnerability and minimize environmental and infrastructural damages. However, disaster-related information is often generated by heterogeneous sources, making the first responders’ decision-making process complex and time-consuming. To address these challenges, a common conceptual model is imperative to improve interoperability among diverse organizations and software systems, enabling effective collaboration. Semantic Web technologies offer a promising solution for integrating heterogeneous data and providing well-defined meaning in the representation and exchange of DRM-related knowledge. In this context, this study introduces FiReS (First Responders System), an ontological model designed to enhance data interoperability among first responders in post-disaster response plans for advanced data analysis and machine learning prediction. The validation of FiReS is conducted through a series of case studies exploring various aspects of disaster response, such as the response time of emergency services and the volume and classification of emergency calls. This approach facilitates streamlined access, thorough analysis, and seamless exchange of information, empowering stakeholders to strengthen their disaster response strategies and foster resilience within communities.

An Ecosystem for the Provision of Digital Accessibility for People with Special Needs

Digital technologies occupy an important place in today’s developing world. They are also strongly related to new trends in educational technologies. In this context, the digital accessibility of this new environment for people with various special needs is of particular concern. A novel tool for assessment of the technological ecosystem, designed to provide digital accessibility to people with special needs, is described in the paper. The overall structure and the initial test of the system are discussed in the paper. The conceptual framework of the ecosystem and its ontological model are described. Special attention is paid to the accessibility of digital learning and e-learning for people with special needs from a robotic perspective.

A Priestly Christology: A Biblical-Theological Investigation of Christ’s Priesthood

The concept of Christ’s Priesthood has been the subject of comprehensive research work in recent times. Despite several attempts to investigate the doctrine of Christ’s Priesthood waves a theological enigma. Thus, the study delved into the concept of Christology as denoted in the Scripture. This scholarly analysis focused on the qualities, which are linked to atonement and mediation. Christian theology has various viewpoints, but the primary model connects the sacrifice of Christ to His role as intercessor. The ontological model was a theological framework that stresses Christ’s priesthood on His personality and activities. The sacramental priesthood model denotes a correlation between Christ’s sacrificial act and His intercession in a heavenly realm, with distinct aspects following a predetermined sequence. The functional priesthood model is based on classical Protestant theology which portrays that the sacrifice of Christ and mediation are intrinsically interconnected with His being. The study employed a biblical-theological approach that sought to address the prevailing debates concerning Christ’s Priesthood. Thus, the study injects relevant sources to formulate and build the Christological concept. The research paper opined a holistic understanding of the nature of Christ and His transformative power to redeem humanity through the unction of the Holy Spirit. It is crystal clear that Christ sacrificed Himself to atone for all humankind’s sins. More importantly, the paper contributes to the current exploration of Priestly Christology, thus fostering a deeper understanding of Christ’s Priesthood and its significance to contemporary biblical theological discussion. It also helps to lay bare the salvific value of ecclesiology. This paper is recommended for biblical-theological historical students to advance and improve their studies. Keywords: Priestly Christology, Biblical-Theological, Evaluation, Christ’s Priesthood

Towards Controllable Generative Design: A Conceptual Design Generation Approach Leveraging the FBS Ontology and Large Language Models

Abstract Recent research in the field of design engineering is primarily focusing on using AI technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist early-stage design. The engineer or designer can use LLMs to explore, validate and compare thousands of generated conceptual stimuli and make final choices. This was seen as a significant stride in advancing the status of the generative approach in computer-aided design. However, it is often difficult to instruct LLMs to obtain novel conceptual solutions and requirement-compliant in real design tasks, due to the lack of transparency and insufficient controllability of LLMs. This study presents an approach to leverage LLMs to infer Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) ontology for high-quality design concepts. Prompting design based on the FBS model decomposes the design task into three sub-tasks including functional, behavioral, and structural reasoning. In each sub-task, prompting templates and specification signifiers are specified to guide the LLMs to generate concepts. User can determine the selected concepts by judging and evaluating the generated function-structure pairs. A comparative experiment has been conducted to evaluate the concept generation approach. According to the concept evaluation results, our approach achieves the highest scores in concept evaluation, and the generated concepts are more novel, useful, functional, and low-cost compared to the baseline.

Prototyping an Ontological Framework for Cellular Senescence Mechanisms: A Homeostasis Imbalance Perspective

Although cellular senescence is a key factor in organismal aging, with both positive and negative effects on individuals, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, integrating knowledge is essential to explain how cellular senescence manifests in tissue damage and age-related diseases. Here, we propose an ontological model that organizes knowledge of cellular senescence in a computer-readable form. We manually annotated and defined cellular senescence processes, molecules, anatomical structures, phenotypes, and other entities based on the Homeostasis Imbalance Process ontology (HOIP). We described the mechanisms as causal relationships of processes and modelled a homeostatic imbalance between stress and stress response in cellular senescence for a unified framework. HOIP was assessed formally, and the relationships between cellular senescence and diseases were inferred for higher-order knowledge processing. We visualized cellular senescence processes to support knowledge utilization. Our study provides a knowledge base to help elucidate mechanisms linking cellular and organismal aging.

A semantic reasoning-based emergency rescue assistant decision method for maritime accidents involving chemicals

Maritime accidents involving chemicals (MAICs) constitute a unique category of marine emergency characterized by low frequency, high risk, and complex disposal challenges. These accidents often entail fires, explosions, and pollutant leakage, demanding effective emergency responses. The success of MAICs rescue operations relies on multiple factors, encompassing the structural features of the involved vessel, personnel, cargo, marine environment, and the availability of resources and response procedures. Proficiency in various professional fields, including ship transportation, chemistry, firefighting, and environmental science, is essential for informed decision-making. This paper addresses the need for a standardized description of knowledge in the MAICs emergency rescue decision-making process, aiming to enhance practical application frequency and decision-making efficiency. Employing ontology theory, the approach involves structurally modeling the knowledge of MAICs emergency rescue, constructing an ontology model, and establishing a decision rule base. Validating the proposed method, the emergency response to the “Longqing 1″ accident is examined as a case study, illustrating its potential for supporting MAICs emergency rescue decision-making. The application of ontology theory in this context holds both theoretical and practical significance. It facilitates the sharing, reuse, and expansion of knowledge in the emergency rescue field, providing crucial technical support for intelligent decision-making in MAICs emergencies.

Translating motivational interviewing for the HPV vaccine into a computable ontology model for automated AI conversational interaction.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations are lower than expected. To protect the onset of head and neck cancers, innovative strategies to improve the rates are needed. Artificial intelligence may offer some solutions, specifically conversational agents to perform counseling methods. We present our efforts in developing a dialogue model for automating motivational interviewing (MI) to encourage HPV vaccination. We developed a formalized dialogue model for MI using an existing ontology-based framework to manifest a computable representation using OWL2. New utterance classifications were identified along with the ontology that encodes the dialogue model. Our work is available on GitHub under the GPL v.3. We discuss how an ontology-based model of MI can help standardize/formalize MI counseling for HPV vaccine uptake. Our future steps will involve assessing MI fidelity of the ontology model, operationalization, and testing the dialogue model in a simulation with live participants.

A modular ontology modeling approach to developing digital product passports to promote circular economy in the built environment

The significant impact of the built environment on resource consumption and waste production has led to calls for a shift towards a circular economy model that maximizes the efficient use of resources. This study explores the use of digital product passports (DPPs) to improve how we manage products throughout their lifecycle. However, dealing with the complexity and large volume of data in DPPs can be challenging in terms of effective information management and utilization. We address this issue by adopting a modular ontological approach to systematically capture product lifecycle information from its origin to its end-of-life phase. To ensure interoperability and reusability of the ontology, we annotate key concepts and relationships using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards that promote circular economy. Our research led to the development of several ontology modules derived from literature reviews and interviews conducted with industry and academia experts who specialize in sustainability. These modules were then integrated to create a digital product passport ontology. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modular ontology approach to manage the complex information inherent in DPPs paving the way for more sustainable management practices in the built environment sector.