Ontological Approach Research Articles

The Evolution of the Bell Notion of Beable: From Bohr to Primitive Ontology

AbstractJohn S. Bell introduced the notion of beable, as opposed to the standard notion of observable, in order to emphasize the need for an unambiguous formulation of quantum mechanics. In the paper I show that Bell formulated in fact two different theories of beables. The first is somehow reminiscent of the Bohr views on quantum mechanics but, at the same time, is curiously adopted by Bell as a critical tool against the Copenhagen interpretation, whereas the second, more mature formulation was among the sources of inspiration of the so-called Primitive Ontology (PO) approach to quantum mechanics, an approach inspired to scientific realism. In the first part of the paper it is argued that, contrary to the Bell wishes, the first formulation of the theory fails to be an effective recipe for addressing the ambiguity underlying the standard formulation of quantum mechanics, whereas it is only the second formulation that successfully paves the way to the PO approach. In the second part, I consider how the distinction between the two formulations of the Bell theory of beables fares vis-a-vis the complex relationship between the theory of beables and the details of the PO approach.

Исторические подходы к исследованию лжи и их трансформация в культуре

The article analyzes the process of understanding the concept of lies in the history of culture. The relevance of the problem is due to the obvious transformation of the content of the concept over time, changes in the semantic volume and status of lies in different fields of knowledge. Based on the analysis of historical and philosophical material and modern domestic literature, historically formed approaches to the interpretation of the concept of lie are identified. Such approaches include religious, ontological, epistemological, ethical, axiological, instrumental, cultural and psychological approaches to the interpretation of lies. In the religious approach, God is the absolute truth; lies come from the devil and are a phenomenon of the lower world. In the ontological approach, lies are presented as a phenomenon in the world of things. In the epistemological approach, lying is not associated with a person; denotes the discrepancy between knowledge and reality and is a hypostasis of truth. The ethical approach connects truth with duty, and lies with violation of people’s rights and internal moral imperative (Kant). In cultural, axiological and instrumental approaches, lies are interpreted as a utilitarian value that ensures the realization of communicative needs and the achievement of cultural goals. The psychological approach associates lies with interpersonal communication between people and the volitional action of a person. The historical conditionality and interrelation of the selected approaches is shown. By tracing the evolution of approaches to studying lying, from religious condemnation to psychological inquiry, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of human behavior and societal norms.

Cellular and epigenetic perspective of protein stability and its implications in the biological system.

Protein stability is a fundamental prerequisite in both experimental and therapeutic applications. Current advancements in high throughput experimental techniques and functional ontology approaches have elucidated that impairment in the structure and stability of proteins is intricately associated with the cause and cure of several diseases. Therefore, it is paramount to deeply understand the physical and molecular confounding factors governing the stability of proteins. In this review article, we comprehensively investigated the evolution of protein stability, examining its emergence over time, its relationship with organizational aspects and the experimental methods used to understand it. Furthermore, we have also emphasized the role of Epigenetics and its interplay with post-translational modifications (PTMs) in regulating the stability of proteins.

Reconsidering Teaching Construction in Architectural Education

This paper critically examines the weakening connection between design and construction in architectural education, highlighting the underrepresentation of construction courses in comparison to their design counterparts. By analyzing contemporary pedagogical methods, it aims to uncover a more effective teaching approach that simultaneously nurtures students’ enthusiasm for construction and design, emphasizing the synergy between technical proficiency and creative vision. Proposing a hands-on, problem-solving methodology integrated within design studios, this study suggests a paradigm shift towards an ontological observational approach. It argues for a transformative change in perception among educators and students alike, advocating for a unified educational framework that fosters technical and theoretical coherence, ultimately contributing to sustainable architectural practices.

Ансамбль онтологических моделей для обеспечения интеллектуальной поддержки лазерных аддитивных технологических процессов

Barriers hindering the use of additive manufacturing processes for metal parts production are discussed. The necessity of integrating an intelligent decision support system (DSS) into the professional activities of laser additive manufactur-ing engineers is substantiated. The advantages of the developed ontological two-level approach for forming semantic information are highlighted. This approach's peculiarity lies in separating ontological models from the databases and knowledge formed on their basis—target information. The ontology dictates the rules for the structured formation and interpretation of target information. An ensemble of ontological models, forming the foundation of the developed intel-ligent system, is presented. The composition of the ensemble, the purpose of its individual components, and possible types of connections between them are described. The ensemble includes ontologies for reference databases on equip-ment and materials for laser additive manufacturing, an archive of protocols for technological operations of laser pro-cessing, a knowledge base about settings for laser processing modes, and a database of mathematical models. The en-semble of ontological models is implemented on the IACPaaS cloud platform using its tools. Ontologies, databases, knowledge bases, and a decision support system are part of the Laser Additive Manufacturing Knowledge Portal. Ac-cumulating and using the knowledge and experience from different technologists in the portal will reduce the number of preliminary experiments needed to identify suitable technological modes and lower the qualification requirements for users of technological equipment.

Music-driven geometric and topologic intuition: a case study with the Klein bottle

The comprehension of mathematical notions can profit from the personal background of a population of students, drawing upon their former knowledge in another field. In particular, the embodiment of mathematics provides us with a bridge to transfer competencies from music to intuitive understanding of non-trivial geometries and topologies. In this study, we analyse an experiment in which music composition students are introduced to the Klein bottle for the first time. Through the Ontological and Semiotic Approach (OSA), a conceptual framework in mathematics education, we evaluate the evolution from an initial intuition of the Klein bottle to a formal understanding of the object via musical renditions and verbal presentations to both neophyte and specialist audiences in mathematics.

How to Link Educational Purposes and Immersive Video Games Development? An Ontological Approach Proposal

Video games offer a interesting approach for enhancing educational experiences across various domains. Whether repurposing existing games, such as Sim City for teaching budget management, or developing dedicated serious games, they enrich the spectrum of educational resources available. Nevertheless, creating immersive gaming and learning environments presents challenges. The absence of consensus on comprehensive tools or models poses an initial hurdle. Furthermore, designing such experiences entails intricate considerations, including multidisciplinary collaboration and the inherent complexity of open nature of learning experiences. Our proposed ontology addresses these challenges by integrating concepts from education, immersive game design, and virtual environments. This integration facilitates the alignment of learning objectives with game-design elements, leveraging the multi-agent systems paradigm for coherence. Serving as a semantic hub, our ontology enhances communication among interdisciplinary teams by employing clearly defined terms. Additionally, it provides a robust conceptual framework to navigate the complexity inherent in educational game development. We assess the efficacy of our ontology by instantiating it with several existing games or game engine. This instantiation validates its expressiveness and completeness, while logical consistency is confirmed through inference engine verification. Through these efforts, our ontology emerges as a valuable tool for advancing the design and development of educational video games.

Homeostasis imbalance process ontology: a study on COVID-19 infectious processes.

One significant challenge in addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is to grasp a comprehensive picture of its infectious mechanisms. We urgently need a consistent framework to capture the intricacies of its complicated viral infectious processes and diverse symptoms. We systematized COVID-19 infectious processes through an ontological approach and provided a unified description framework of causal relationships from the early infectious stage to severe clinical manifestations based on the homeostasis imbalance process ontology (HoIP). HoIP covers a broad range of processes in the body, ranging from normal to abnormal. Moreover, our imbalance model enabled us to distinguish viral functional demands from immune defense processes, thereby supporting the development of new drugs, and our research demonstrates how ontological reasoning contributes to the identification of patients at severe risk. The HoIP organises knowledge of COVID-19 infectious processes and related entities, such as molecules, drugs, and symptoms, with a consistent descriptive framework. HoIP is expected to harmonise the description of various heterogeneous processes and improve the interoperability of COVID-19 knowledge through the COVID-19 ontology harmonisation working group.

Beyond Usability: A Critical Analysis of Interface Research

This article addresses the profound and multifaceted understanding of interfaces in the modern technological era, focusing on integrating ontological, ethical, and aesthetical approaches in interface research. It considers various aspects of human-machine interaction from philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic viewpoints, revealing the complex connections between technological progress and human experience. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary approaches to interface research, covering its complexity and diversity, as well as identifying current trends and challenges in the field. The findings indicate that successful interface study requires an integrated approach, including the analysis of functional, ethical, aesthetic, and cultural aspects. The article highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary research in developing interfaces that can reflect and develop contemporary cultural and social contexts. The conclusions of this article are relevant to the researchers in the field of interface design, implementators, and a broad audience interested in understanding the interplay between technological innovations and the socio-cultural context.

An automated information extraction system from the knowledge graph based annual financial reports

This article presents a semantic web-based solution for extracting the relevant information automatically from the annual financial reports of the banks/financial institutions and presenting this information in a queryable form through a knowledge graph. The information in these reports is significantly desired by various stakeholders for making key investment decisions. However, this information is available in an unstructured format making it much more complex and challenging to understand and query manually or even through digital systems. Another challenge that makes the understanding of information more complex is the variation of terminologies among financial reports of different banks or financial institutions. The solution presented in this article signifies an ontological approach to solving the standardization problems of the terminologies in this domain. It further addresses the issue of semantic differences to extract relevant data sharing common semantics. Such semantics are then incorporated by implementing their representation as a Knowledge Graph to make the information understandable and queryable. Our results highlight the usage of Knowledge Graph in search engines, recommender systems and question-answering (Q-A) systems. This financial knowledge graph can also be used to serve the task of financial storytelling. The proposed solution is implemented and tested on the datasets of various banks and the results are presented through answers to competency questions evaluated on precision and recall measures.

Integration of product development data for further ontological utilization

AbstractThe amount of data within the product development process requires a structured approach to coordinate them. Knowledge management solutions, such as ontologies, are a suitable way of linking data and representing semantic relationships. However, making all relevant data usable to ensure their target-oriented application is still a challenge. Thus, this contribution presents an approach to identify and classify heterogeneous data in product development. Besides this single ontology approach, interface solutions for data integration into an ontology are proposed.

A modular ontology modeling approach to developing digital product passports to promote circular economy in the built environment

The significant impact of the built environment on resource consumption and waste production has led to calls for a shift towards a circular economy model that maximizes the efficient use of resources. This study explores the use of digital product passports (DPPs) to improve how we manage products throughout their lifecycle. However, dealing with the complexity and large volume of data in DPPs can be challenging in terms of effective information management and utilization. We address this issue by adopting a modular ontological approach to systematically capture product lifecycle information from its origin to its end-of-life phase. To ensure interoperability and reusability of the ontology, we annotate key concepts and relationships using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards that promote circular economy. Our research led to the development of several ontology modules derived from literature reviews and interviews conducted with industry and academia experts who specialize in sustainability. These modules were then integrated to create a digital product passport ontology. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modular ontology approach to manage the complex information inherent in DPPs paving the way for more sustainable management practices in the built environment sector.

Ethnoscience: A Philosophical Study with Anthropological, Ontological and Axiological Perspectives

One of the emerging scientific developments is science-based local wisdom, or "ethnoscience." This research examines the urgency of ethnoscience when viewed from a philosophical perspective with an anthropological, ontological, and axiological perspective approach. This research uses a library research method with relevant sources related to the studied topic, such as books, scientific articles, and other relevant sources. The results of this study present how critical philosophical studies are to a science that is being developed, especially those that involve community culture. In addition, anthropological, ontological, and axiological perspectives provide an idea of a point of view that not only always refers to the research process but also the need to pay attention to the norms and values of the local culture. That way, future research related to ethnoscience has excellent potential to continue to be carried out through rational considerations and benefit science, culture, society, and the nation.

Improving user security during a call

The recent development of mobile networks has led to the emergence of new threats and methods of implementing existing ones. Phishing attacks, including robocalls, are causing record losses to both individual users and large corporations. At the same time, existing countermeasures cannot provide protection against such attacks because most existing solutions focus on device authentication, whereas user authentication does not occur during a call. Another problem with mobile networks is that there is no point-to-point encryption, i.e., the speech is encrypted only on the segment from the subscriber to the base station. The subject of study in this article is the process of ensuring user security during a call. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of mutual user authentication and end-to-end data encryption in a mobile network during a call. The main objectives are the protection of users from spoofing and vishing and the proposal of a protection method by implementing mutual authentication of users during a call without storing confidential information on the side of a "trusted third party". Method of secure key exchange and end-to-end encryption during a call in the mobile network was proposed. It prevents the interception of calls by the operator for circuit-switched and packet networks. The methods used are mathematical modelling, ontological approach, and multi-criteria optimization models. Because of this research, an algorithm for mutual authentication of users is proposed by introducing biometric authentication methods and modifying the sequence of messages during a call. The proposed approach can be implemented for CS-call and VoLTE/VoWiFi calls. A call cannot be received without user biometric authentication; such as ear pattern or bone conduction methods. Modified SETUP and CONNECT ACK messages are used to inform the other party about the user verification result. This prevents user spoofing, call masquerading, and robocalls. A combination of the proposed asymmetric encryption, a short authentication string, and hashes of previous calls provides a higher level of confidentiality, integrity, and additional resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the integration of the above methods into the sequence of call flow messages for providing mutual authentication, end-to-end encryption, and counteraction to the number of network attacks. The proposed methods allow one level to increase the provision of services of privacy and observation groups and can be implemented in the software part of user equipment.

Quantum International Law Theories: Towards an Inclusive International Investment-Security Construct

Abstract In recent years, there have been significant changes in the foreign investment landscape that have affected investors and States around the world. These transitions can be broadly categorised into two hypotheses: international to domestic in the liberalisation continuum and legalisation to politicisation in the geoeconomic order. While these hypotheses seek to capture the changing investment-security dynamics, none satisfactorily comprehend classical irreconciliation. In response, this study proposes a novel trinity of quantum international law theories that extrapolates quantum entanglement, measurement, and holism theories through analogy, ontology, and post-critique approaches to inspire multidisciplinary insights. It outlines the justifications for using quantum theories in international law-making and policymaking, the extrapolated fundamentals, and the trinity application approaches by testing two variations of the trinity. The study results help move beyond unproductive debates on ‘economics versus security’ and offer international lawmakers and policymakers a new thinking model that can be applied to ‘everything’ multidisciplinary.

STUDY OF THE AMBIGUITY OF THE CONCEPT OF “UNIVERSAL” IN LINGUISTICS: ASPECTS AND DEFINITION

This article analyzes the ambiguity of the concept of “universal” in linguistics, taking into account three main aspects: the variability of the scope of language phenomena, the mixing of epistemological and ontological approaches, as well as the understanding of universality in the context of comparing different languages. Based on a critical review of existing definitions and taking into account various types of universal phenomena, a new formulation of the concept of “linguistic universals” is proposed, which emphasizes their role and function in human society.

The methodology of using ontology when designing a system for evaluating the economic efficiency of geological exploration

The use of the ontological approach in the design of various information systems quite often aims at finding hidden dependencies that are not obvious at the stage of a system design. Another important aspect of the application of ontology is the need to take into account a large number of evaluation factors. Often there is a situation when the use of a standard binary architecture of connections between system elements, by analogy with databases, does not give the necessary result. This is usually due to the limitations of such relationships (one to one, one to many) when designing an information system. Accordingly, it is the ontological approach that allows us to resolve this contradiction and take into account those relationships and factors that could not be taken into account in the binary data structure. The purpose of this work is to form methodological recommendations on the use of ontology in the process of designing a system for evaluating the economic efficiency of geological exploration. As a result, we propose the structure of the ontological model, in relation to the block of parameters for assessing the economic efficiency of exploration, as well as a variant of applying this structure in practice. In the future, it is planned to develop an information system for evaluating the effectiveness of geological exploration based on the use of this ontological model.

The Problems of Qualification of Theft Non-Cash Funds

Introduction: the relevance of the research topic is due to the need to consider the problems of qualification of theft non-cash funds. The paper explores the question of how to qualify the theft of non-cash funds, what is the difference between their object of theft and the object of theft in the traditional sense. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the most correct and accurate qualification of theft of non-cash funds, to distinguish the fraud components from each other and from other related components. Methods: the scientific analysis of theft components is carried out using ontological and axiological approaches, the method of system analysis, as well as the comparative law method. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the inclusion of Article 159.3 in Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and its new version are justified and contribute to the protection of public relations in the field of ownership of non-cash funds and property rights.

Re-thinking do-it-yourself: An ontological approach to sustainability in fashion design praxis

The research explored DIY (do-it-yourself) as a sustainable approach within the design praxis of a South African clothing label. DIY is characterized by “ creating,” “ doing,” and “ making” to formulate temporary expressions about who we are, rather than passive engagement and consumption. DIY, as a degrowth anti-capitalist practice, echoes the slow fashion movement by addressing questions of individual accomplishment, creativity, self-confidence, independence, self-reliance, and developing new skill sets. The findings from the study of fashion design praxis suggest that the motivation for DIY activities and behavior within the studied design praxis is holistic and ontological. The design praxis no longer focuses on producing for self-use (DIY), but rather that DIY is a meaningful tool for engaging with a living object that is informed by users’ meaningful association with the product and the making process. The study revealed significant similarities between DIY and emotional durability, suggesting an ontological framework, “ doing-it-for-yourself-and-others” (DI4Y2).

ChatGPT and accounting in African contexts: Amplifying epistemic injustice

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are likely to amplify epistemic injustice through the lack of transparency and traceability of data sources. The unethical alienation of original knowledge producers from their intellectual products, which are repackaged by LLMs as artificial intelligence, conceals power asymmetries in the global knowledge production and dissemination system. As elaborated by Miranda Fricker (2010), Western White male actors traditionally dominate knowledge production; therefore, ChatGPT and other LLMs are inclined to reproduce patriarchal perspectives as universal understandings of the World. Our commentary applies this logic to accounting practice and research in Africa, and asserts that epistemic injustice, resulting from colonization and racism, means that ontological and epistemological approaches situated in the accounting needs and experiences of African communities are missing from or poorly articulated by ChatGPT and other LLMs. If LLMs are to attain legitimacy as (ethical) sources of knowledge, regulation must be enforced to ensure transparency—as a foundation for promoting pluriversality and eliminating epistemic injustice.