Ontogenesis In Rats Research Articles

THE FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHOID COMPONENT OF RAT PERICARDIUM THROUGHOUT ONTOGENESIS.

Introduction. Research of the cardiovascular system is a relevant issue today, because its diseases are highly pathological and significantly affect the general mortality of the population. The morphofunctional state of the heart directly depends on the pericardium, which, in turn, performs a number of key physiological functions for the heart. The pericardium, having a coelomic origin, can perform not only a mechanical barrier function, but also exhibits immune properties through lymphoid tissue associated with serous membranes, known as serosa-associated lymphoid clusters. Objective. The purpose of the study is to expand the understanding of the structure of the lymphoid component of the pericardium, to analyze the qualitative composition of this tissue, and to study the topography at various stages of the postnatal ontogenesis of rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 4 age groups of laboratory rats, each of which included 5 individuals. Film preparations were made. Samples of film preparations were stained with methylene blue, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin natively and after fixation. Results. The lymphoid tissue of the pericardium of rats is mainly represented by small and medium-sized lymphocytes, as well as cells that are similar to plasma cells. Features of the topography of the lymphoid tissue of the pericardium in the early and late postnatal periods, revealed with the help of various staining methods, testify to important aspects of the morphology of the rat pericardium. Conclusions. Analysis of the lymphoid population of cells made it possible to determine them in different parts of the organ during ontogenesis, indicating the presence of dynamic changes in the lymphoid tissue of the pericardium during the postnatal period. Taking into account the age-related features of the structure of the pericardium, further study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of serosa-associated lymphoid clusters in rats is recommended, which allows for a more detailed understanding of the immune processes that occur in this organ. Considering the importance of immunological aspects of the cardiovascular system, the obtained data have a high potential for application in veterinary and medical practice.

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Heart Left Ventricle Morphogenesis in Rats Fetuses

Rats are the most common objects of preclinical studies, which determines the relevance of studying fetal cardiomorphogenesis in rats using modern methods of morphological studies. The aim is to study the dynamics of markers of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (caspase 3), vascularization (CD31), and stromal remodeling (MMP2 and MMP9) of the left ventricular myocardium of Wistar rat fetuses. Material and methods. A histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric study of the rat heart left ventricle wall was carried out on the 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd days of the prenatal period of ontogenesis. Results. From the 18th to the 22nd day of the prenatal period of ontogenesis in rats, a twofold increase in the thickness of the left ventricle lateral wall is observed, due to both proliferation and differentiation and an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes. Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes are diffusely localized in the wall of the left ventricle, their number increases on day 19 of the prenatal period of development and remains at a high level until the end of the prenatal period in rats. From the 18th to the 22nd day of the prenatal period of ontogeny in rats, single caspase 3-positive cardiomyocytes are detected in the left ventricle. The growth of the left ventricular myocardium in the fetal period in rats is accompanied by an adequate rate of vascularization. The vascularization and proliferation of cardiomyocytes are accompanied by remodeling of the myocardial stroma, with the highest intensity of MMP2- and MMP9-immune staining observed at the beginning of the fetal period of ontogeny in rats. Conclusion. The short duration of prenatal ontogenesis in rats determines the high dynamics of cardiomorphogenetic processes. In the fetal period of rat ontogenesis in the left ventricle of the heart, the proliferation of cardiomyocytes prevails over the intensity of apoptosis. The intensity of proliferation of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle of rats is high up to the 22nd day of the prenatal period of ontogenesis.

"Neural stem cells puzzle" missing piece: telomerase reverse transcriptase expression patterns during nervous system ontogenesis in rats.

For almost three decades, neural stem cells remain still up-to-date and enigmatic topic. The main problem for their studying is the non-existence of an exclusive neural stem cell marker and the heterogeneity of them across the nervous system. As one of the novel markers of neural stem/progenitor cells may serve telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme, responsible for retaining the cell immortality. Thus, the aim of our study was to reveal if TERT, as an enzyme for ensuring the immortality of proliferating cells, could be used as a potential marker of neural stem/progenitor cells during the ontogenesis of the rat central nervous system. In this study, we used various markers related to neural stem or progenitor cells character and examined their co-localization with TERT expression. Our experiments were performed on the tissue of the brain and spinal cord during several stages of postnatal development and the neural tube during the 14th embryonal day. Cytoplasmatic TERT expression was found in alar plate progenitors and ventral horn neuroblasts of E14 rats. In the postnatal stages of spinal cord ontogenesis, a cytoplasmatic expression in neurons and nuclear expression in astrocytes was defined. In the brain, nuclear TERT expression was found in neural progenitor cells of neurogenic areas. This study provides the first comparative study of TERT expression across the central nervous system ontogenesis. The nuclear presence of TERT may be used as a potential marker of neural stem/progenitor cells, however, further studies are required to confirm these assumptions.

The role of N-cholinoreceptors in somatovisceral intersystemic interactions in early rat ontogenesis

Interaction of slow-wave rhythmic components of cardiac, respiratory and motor activities was analyzed in non-narcotized of newborn 1-day-old (P1) and 16-day-old (P16) Wistar rat pups under normal and impaired cholinergic regulation. Functional activity of these three systems is rhythmic, and coordination of their functioning is an important element of the mechanism of adaptive rearrangements under changing factors of the external and internal environment. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (eserine) was used to increase the level of endogenous acetylcholine and enhance cholinergic effects. To reveal the role of N-cholinoreceptors in intersystemic somatovisceral interactions (ISI), we performed blockade of this receptor type with benzohexonium. Administration of physostigmine leads to the development of a number of pathological reactions and a decrease in the level of ISI in all ranges of modulating rhythms in rats of both ages. ISI in younger rats appear to be more resistant to changes in the level of cholinergic activation. Blockade of N-cholinoreceptors causes inhibition of ISI at P1 and partially to their potentialization at P16. The activation of cholinoreactive structures, which occurred against the background of cholinoreceptors blockade, reduces the pathological effects of physostigmine in animals of both ages, but at the same time leads to an attenuation of ISI. This weakening is more pronounced in 16-day old rats, which may indicate the formation of the definitive level of cholinergic regulation in the first weeks of postnatal ontogenesis.

Ontogenetic peculiarities of the effect of dantrolene and caffeine on the cardiac, respiratory and motor performance of intact and poisoned by physostigmine of rats

Activities of the somatomotor (MA), cardiovascular and respiratory systems were investigated in conditions of activation and blockade of ryanodine receptors (RyR) impaired cholinergic regulation in rat pups aged 3, 16 and 30 days. It was found that blockage of RyR by dantrolene has a negative chronotropic effect, the severity of which decreases with age, reduces the respiratory rate in rats on P3 and practically does not change in older animals. The amplitude of EMG and the power of motor bursts decreases in rats on P3-P16 and increases on P30. The duration of MA in the activity- rest cycle remains unchanged at P3 and decreases at P16-P30, which indicates a different change in the pattern of MA in rats of different ages after the blockade of RyR. Caffeine-induced activation of RyR is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate in rats on P30 and does not cause significant changes in these parameters on P3-P16. There has been an increase in all MA indices, especially in P3. Certain age-related regularities were revealed in the conditions of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by physostigmine, carried out against the background of RyR inhibition or activation. Maximum sensitivity to such effects was found in rats on P3. It was shown that in early postnatal ontogenesis of rats the sensitivity of RyR, including RyR2, to dantrolene is higher than in adult animals. Changes in RyR activity level do not prevent the development of pathological forms of heart rhythm that developing in rats after the physostigmine injection.

Влияние длительной световой депривации на содержание α-токоферола у крыс в онтогенезе

Влияние длительной световой депривации на содержание α-токоферола у крыс в онтогенезе

Characteristic of Dopamine-Producing System and Dopamine Receptors in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Rats in Ontogenesis.

One of the features of the developing suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the "biological clock" of the body, is the early expression of dopamine (DA) receptors in the absence of dopaminergic neurons as a source of DA. Only recently we showed that DA in SCN is synthesized together by nerve fibers containing only tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neurons containing only aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). This study was aimed to assess specific characteristics of the phenotype of TH-fibers in ontogenesis. For this purpose, PCR and immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of genes and proteins such as TH, AADC, vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), and receptors for DA (D1, D2) was performed. We have detected numerous TH-immunoreactive fibers in SCN of young and adult rats. VMAT was observed in some of them, which suggests vesicular storage of L-DOPA. Considering the key role of TH-fibers in cooperative synthesis of DA, we assumed the presence of their dopamine regulation. Using double immunolabeling, we showed that D1 and D2 are present in TH-fibers in adult rats, and only D1 in young rats. According to PCR, D1 and D2 are also expressed in neurons of SCN in adult rats and only D1 in young rats. Thus, it was shown for thefirst time that VMAT and D1 are coexpressed in TH-fibers synthesizing L-DOPA in SCN in young and adult rats, and also D2 receptors in adult rats, which suggests vesicular storage and dopamine regulation of L-DOPA secretion, respectively.

Пренатальная гипоксия приводит к нарушению формирования нервной ткани энторинальной области коры мозга крыс

Prenatal hypoxia disturbs the formation of the brain, which leads to the development of cognitive deficit. The probable causes of this deficiency may be associated with impaired functioning of the dorsal hippocampus as well as the cortical areas involved in its afferentation, in particular the entorhinal cortex, projection neurons of which innervate the CA1 field. This study was performed to analyze the effect of prenatal hypoxia on the population of pyramidal neurons of the entorhinal cortex in early rat ontogenesis. Female Wistar rats were subjected to hypoxia on 14 or 18th days of pregnancy. The neuroblasts formed in embryos at the time of hypoxia were labeled by 3’-ethynyl-5-deoxyurenedine. The number of labeled cells and their and location in the entorhinal cortex was analyzed in 5-day old rat pups. It was shown that hypoxia disturbed the formation and migration of neuroblasts into the superficial (hypoxia on E18) or lower (hypoxia on E14) layers of the entorhinal cortex, leading to death of pyramidal neurons in the first month of postnatal ontogenesis, but did not affect the formation of inhibitory interneurons. Electron microscopy also revealed degenerative changes in the neurons of the entorhinal cortex in rat pups subjected to hypoxia on E14 (lysis of organelles or hyperchromatosis). It can be suggested that prenatal hypoxia lead to impaired radial migration of neuroblasts in the entorhinal cortex, increased elimination of projection neurons in early postnatal ontogenesis, causing impaired afferentation of hypocampal neurons. The selective effect of prenatal hypoxia on the population of exciting neurons of the cerebral cortex can lead to some disturbance in the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the further development.

Delayed audiogenic seizure development in a genetic rat model is associated with overactivation of ERK1/2 and disturbances in glutamatergic signaling

Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizure are characterized by age-dependent expression of audiogenic seizures (AGS). It is known that the critical period of enhanced seizure susceptibility in rodents occurs at 2nd–3rd weeks of postnatal development. However, KM rats do not express AGS at this time-point, but start to demonstrate a stable AGS only after the age of 3 months. We hypothesized that this delay in AGS susceptibility in KM rats is genetically determined and may depend on some alterations in the development of the hippocampal glutamatergic system during the early postnatal period. We analyzed the expression and activity of seizure-related proteins, such as vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), synapsin I, and NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR2B) in the hippocampus of KM rats during postnatal development. A significantly higher activity of ERK1/2 in KM rats was observed at 14th, 30th, and 60th days of postnatal development (P14, P30, P60) in comparison with control Wistar rats of the corresponding ages, while in adult (P120) KM rats it was at the same level with Wistar rats. Despite the increased activity of ERK1/2 at P14 and P30, the phosphorylation of synapsin I at Ser62/67 was significantly lower in the hippocampus of KM rats than in Wistar rats of the same ages; however, at P60 and P120, the phosphorylation of synapsin I was enhanced. Our data also revealed the increase of VGLUT2 and NR2B expression at P14, which dramatically decreased at the later stages. Our data indicate that a genetically determined increase in ERK1/2 kinase activity during postnatal ontogenesis in KM rats may be associated with the disturbances in synthesis and activity of the proteins, which are responsible for glutamatergic transmission in the KM rat hippocampus during the seizure susceptibility development.

Age-Dependent Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Brain Structures during Postnatal Ontogenesis of Rats Exposed to Hypoxia in the Fetal Period

This study deals with the dynamics of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) activity in brain structures during early postnatal ontogenesis (days 17 and 30) and the reproductive period (day 90) of white rats exposed to hypoxia in the fetal period of prenatal ontogenesis (days 18-20). It was established that in rats that underwent prenatal hypoxia in the fetal period the level of LDG activity did not reach its control values with age during postnatal ontogenesis. In most cases, hypoxia led to increase LDG activity in the brain structures.

Age-Related Changes in Sympathetic Innervation of the Stomach in Rats

Sympathetic innervation of the stomach is carried out by the prevertebral ganglia of the solar plexus. The localization and neurochemical composition of neurons innervating the stomach in the postnatal ontogenesis of rats have been studied by the method of retrograde axon transport of Fast Blue. In all animals, the celiac ganglia had more labeled neurons than the superior mesenteric ganglion. The number of labeled neurons increased in the first ten days of life and then did not change until senescence. All labeled neurons innervating the stomach contain tyrosine hydroxylase, the catecholamine synthesis enzyme. The proportion of labeled neuropeptide Y-immunopositive neurons did not change during ontogeny; the percentage of labeled calbindin-immunoreactive neurons decreased in the first month of life.

Симпатическая иннервация сердца в раннем постнатальном онтогенезе

The sympathetic innervation of the heart in rats and kittens of different ages (newborns, 10, 20 and 30 days old) was studied using the retrograde axon transport of Fast Blue (FB) and immunohistochemical method. From the moment of birth, labeled neurons have been detected in the stellate ganglion (SG). In the rat pups and kittens, all FB labeled neurons contained the enzyme of catecholamine synthesis - tyrosine hydroxylase. In kittens, the percentage of labeled neuropeptide Y (NPY) - immunoreactive (IR) neurons during age development increases in the first 20 days of life from 34 to 58%, and calbindin (CB) -IR decreases from birth to 30 days from 45 to 4%. Labeled somatostatin (SOM) -IR neurons were absent in kittens. In rats, SOM-IR neurons (23%) were detected only in newborns and were not detected in the other age groups. In ontogenesis in rats, labeled NPY-IR and CB-IR neurons participating in the innervation of the heart are also detected from the moment of birth (64 and 49%, respectively), but their percentage does not change significantly throughout all the studied age periods. Thus, in the early postnatal ontogenesis, the neurochemical composition of the neurons innervating the heart changes. There are differences in the age-related changes in the neurochemical composition of sympathetic neurons innervating the heart in rats and cats.

Expression and quantity dynamics of CK5+-immunopositive thymic epithelial cells of the subcapsular zone in rats of the early postnatal period after prenatal introduction of staphylococcal anatoxin.

Background. Epithelioreticulocytes form the cellular basis of microenvironment in thymus, which regulate the processes of proliferation and differentiation of T-lymphocyte progenitor cells. In the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells cytokeratin-intermediate filaments are synthesized, who affect the mechanical stability and integrity of the epithelium. The influence of staphylococcal anatoxin on the morpho-functional state of the thymus, and particularly on the morphology and receptor composition of the thymic epithelial cells, is ambiguous and requires a more detailed study. Objective. to study the peculiarities of the distribution and expression of cytokeratin 5 by the epithelial cells of the thymus in norm and after prenatal introduction of staphylococcal anatoxin. Methods. The study was conducted on 144 white non-linear rats at 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14, 21, 30 days after birth. There were 3 groups of 48 rats: group 1 - intact; group 2 - experimental, who were intrauterine and intrafetally injected with 0,05 ml of staphylococcal anatoxin (1:10) on the 18th day of pregnancy; group 3 - controls, that were injected 0,05 ml of 0.9% NaCl. The standard sets of monoclonal mice antibody produced by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA), and visualization system produced by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (California, USA) were used to study the receptor distribution to cytokeratin 5. Results. During the 30 days after birth in a group of rats, who had been introduced staphylococcal antigen, an increase in CK5 receptors expression was detected, with a peak within first three days and on the 14th day of life. The area occupied by CK5+-epithelioreticulocytes is significantly more than 1.5 times in rats of the experimental group from the 1st to the 9th day after birth, with a maximum on 1 day (29865 ± 3623 pix), decreasing further and almost reaching values of intact and control groups of rats up to the 30th day of observation. Conclusion. The revealed changes indicate a higher functional activity of epithelioreticulocytes, as microenvironmental cells, and their influence on the positive selection processes in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis in rats of the experimental group.

Effects of Hypoxia or Dexamethasone at Different Gestation Periods on Fear Conditioning in Adult Rats

We report here the long-term effects of deep hypobaric hypoxia or dexamethasone administration (0.8 mg/kg) endured at the early prenatal period of gestation (days 14–16 or 17–19) on contextual and cued fear conditioning in postnatal ontogenesis of male rats. Fear responses conditioned to a context or a cue (tone) were comparatively evaluated in the male offspring of rats exposed to hypoxia or injected with dexamethasone at different gestational ages. Hypoxic exposures at any period of early prenatal ontogenesis were found to entail no statistically significant differences in the offspring relative to control. During contextual fear conditioning or extinction, the freezing time increased relative to control in animals born to females that were injected with dexamethasone on gestational days 17–19. In an analogous test on fear conditioning to a tone, the freezing time decreased relative to control in rats born to females injected with dexamethasone on gestational days 14–16 and increased in those whose mothers were injected with dexamethasone on days 17–19. We suggest that effects induced by dexamethasone administration at both gestation periods were mainly due to the involvement of the amygdala nuclei. The effect of dexamethasone on contextual fear conditioning, which seems to be due to functional changes in the hippocampus, was only detected upon its injection on gestational days 17–19.

Ultrastructural Alterations in the Sensorimotor Cortex upon Delayed Development of Motor Behavior in Early Ontogenesis of Rats Exposed to Prenatal Hypoxia

A comparative study of morphogenesis and synaptogenesis of the sensorimotor cortex and changes in motor behavior during early ontogenesis (Р5, Р14) of rats with normal development and rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia at Е14 (7% O2, 3 h) has been performed. The rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia exhibited delayed maturation of neural elements of the sensorimotor cortex in the first 2 weeks of postnatal ontogenesis. The following signs of nervous tissue immaturity were revealed in the neuropil of the sensorimotor cortex: a large volume of extracellular space, multiple growth cones, insufficient neuronal differentiation, lack of mature synapses, single spines without spine apparatus, and contacts between processes in the form of desmosomes. In addition to delayed formation of neural elements, 14-day-old rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia had signs of nerve cell destruction: hyperchromatosis, chromatolysis with organelle lysis, and destruction of the outer membrane. Prenatal hypoxia is a severe stress factor and has been shown to cause delayed development of motor activity in rat pups in early ontogenesis, such as a delayed reaction of forelimb placing on the surface and reduced total spontaneous motor activity. A comparison of the results with previous data on similar changes in the dorsolateral striatum leads to the conclusion that the action of the adverse factor during embryogenesis causes morphological and functional delay in formation of corticostriatal system elements, leading to impaired development of motor behavior and disturbance of coordinated responses in animals.

Distribution of nadph-diaphorase positive structures of olfactory bulb of rats in ontogenesis

Aim: to identify peculiarities of distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive structures in olfactory bulbs of rats of different age.
 Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 22 white male rats. The object of research was olfactory bulbs of newborn rats – 1-3 days, suckling period – 7, 14, 21 days, infantile – 30 days, juvenile – 60, and mature – 180 days. The study was conducted on cryostat serial sections of olfactory bulbs (20 µm). Nitroxidergic structures were identified by histochemical labelling of NADPH-d (by Hope method). In a standard section, the area of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells (100 in each case), surface area of glomeruli, the number of positive neurons surrounding a glomerulus, were measured.
 Results. In result of study it was found that in the olfactory bulb of rats of the studied age only groups of superficial and deep short-axon neurons and periglomerular neurons showed positivity to NADPH-d. The end product of reaction was distributed in somas and extensions of a part of cells with the density of distribution depending on the layer of the olfactory bulb and on the age of animals. Besides, positivity to the enzyme was also found in the central parts of glomeruli with distribution of diaphorase depending not on age, but rather on localization of glomeruli.
 Conclusion. Age-related transformations of positive subpopulation of neurons of olfactory bulb indicate active participation of NO in the processes of postnatal differentiation, growth and development of olfactory bulb.

Distribution of nadph-diaphorase positive structures of olfactory bulb of rats in ontogenesis

Aim: to identify peculiarities of distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive structures in olfactory bulbs of rats of different age.
 Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 22 white male rats. The object of research was olfactory bulbs of newborn rats – 1-3 days, suckling period – 7, 14, 21 days, infantile – 30 days, juvenile – 60, and mature – 180 days. The study was conducted on cryostat serial sections of olfactory bulbs (20 µm). Nitroxidergic structures were identified by histochemical labelling of NADPH-d (by Hope method). In a standard section, the area of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells (100 in each case), surface area of glomeruli, the number of positive neurons surrounding a glomerulus, were measured.
 Results. In result of study it was found that in the olfactory bulb of rats of the studied age only groups of superficial and deep short-axon neurons and periglomerular neurons showed positivity to NADPH-d. The end product of reaction was distributed in somas and extensions of a part of cells with the density of distribution depending on the layer of the olfactory bulb and on the age of animals. Besides, positivity to the enzyme was also found in the central parts of glomeruli with distribution of diaphorase depending not on age, but rather on localization of glomeruli.
 Conclusion. Age-related transformations of positive subpopulation of neurons of olfactory bulb indicate active participation of NO in the processes of postnatal differentiation, growth and development of olfactory bulb.

Biological significance of hypercalcitoninemia and hypocalcemia in blood under different state of carbohydrate metabolism in ontogenesis of rats

Biological significance of hypercalcitoninemia and hypocalcemia in blood under different state of carbohydrate metabolism in ontogenesis of rats

Effect of etoksidol against sulfur-containing gas induced reduction in bone marrow microcirculation in different stages of ontogenesis in rats

Objective: To investigate the state of femoral red bone marrow microvasculature of nonlinear white male rats in the course of an acute experiment. Materials and Methods: The ontogenesis of experimental animals were between 36 and 730 days: Intact ones, those subjected to the action of subtoxic doses of sulfur-bearing gas, and those receiving a protector-drug “Etoksidol”. The data on microcirculation were obtained using laser Doppler flowmetry. The industrial sulfur-containing natural gas of the Astrakhan gas condensate field was used as a toxic agent. It was revealed that the reducing intensity of blood microcirculation in the red bone marrow of intact rats is statistically more significance in the presenile period of ontogenesis compared with the earlier periods. Results: The use of “Etoksidol” along with the influence of sulfur-containing pollutant on the experimental animals of different age groups led to improvement of microcirculation in the bone marrow at all the studied stages of ontogeny. However, such improvement was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) in the mature age I, very close to significant in the mature age II, and was not statistically significant in the young and presenile age. Conclusions: As a result, the following findings were obtained: The toxic effect greatly reduces the intensity of the microcirculation in the bone marrow, which is most pronounced in younger animals; the experimental results suggest that the drug “Etoksidol,” with an antihypoxic and antioxidant action, has a positive effect on red bone marrow microvasculature.

Expression of some cytokine genes and amount of their products in fibroblast cultures from skin and lung of rats in ontogenesis

The expression of interleukin (IL 1, 2, 6, 8, 10–13, 15, 18), fibroblast growth factors 1, 2, 8, and transforming growth factors α and β1 genes in skin and lung fibroblast cultures (donors – white rats at the age of 0.5, 1, 3 and 24 months) was studied. It is known that these molecules regulate the development and restoration of connective tissue in postnatal ontogenesis, at the same time, different types of connective tissue, in connection with their functional characteristics, develop under unequal conditions and under the influence of various internal and external factors, but not yet investigated the age specificity of the production of these molecules in the cells of connective tissue of various types. That is why, in this paper, the age dynamics of these indicators was compared in cultures of fibroblasts taken from various organs – skin and lungs. The content of the products of these cytokine genes in cultures was also determined, in order to compare the ratio of production of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins in cultures of skin and lung fibroblasts. The age dynamics of these indices and its features in connection with the functions of the cytokines studied are discussed. For the genes of all investigated types of cytokines – interleukins, fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factors – a change in the intensity of expression and accumulation of their products in postnatal ontogenesis was recorded. Dynamics of both the expression intensity of the studied genes and the accumulation of their products is qualitatively similar in cell cultures of both types of tissues, but for skin fibroblasts the age and quantitative variations of these parameters are more pronounced. The maxima of expression and concentrations of all three types of cytokines studied are between 0.5 and 3 months with significant quantitative differences both between cytokinins of different types and between cultures of fibroblasts of the lungs and skin. The significance of the ratio of both expression and accumulation of the products of the anti-inflammatory interleukin genes to pro-inflammatory genes in ontogeny increases in cell cultures of both types of fibroblasts, it can reflect both the developmental features of the organism and the decrease in the ability to regenerate connective tissue with age.