Onset Of Acne Research Articles

The influence of united psychosomatic factors on clinical features of acne vulgaris

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceal unit. Dermatological disorders are often associated with a variety of psychological problems which the patient have. Psichodermatologic disorders (acne) are associated with skin problems that are not directly connected to the mind, but that react to emotional states, such as stress. The aim of this article is to show if there is any psychological characteristic which are common for the whole group of ill-patients from acne, as well as whether there is correlation between any type of acne and psychological parameters. Own exploration consist at thirty patients with three clinical type of acne. Personality test-Kornel index were used for identification and diagnostic psychosomatic disorders. The results are: neurastenic parameters, parameters of conversion and parameters of psychopathy in different percent at both sex, and different clinical features. We show correlation united 2-6 psichosomatic disorders in male sex with softly type of acne. In female sex with any type of acne are responsible 7-12 united findings. The association of several psychosomatic factors could possibly be responsible for the onset of acne at any type.

Incidence of acne vulgaris in young adult users of protein-calorie supplements in the city of João Pessoa - PB

BACKGROUND Based on personal observations of dermatologists, nutritionists and patients, a new problem emerges in the gyms: development and exacerbation of acne in users of whey protein, which is a protein derived from cow's milk. Whey Protein extract contains growth factors that may be related to acne. Its purity and composition are not fully known and there is no scientific research on its potential to cause acne. OBJECTIVES Assess the relationship between the use of proteincalorie supplements and onset or exacerbation of acne vulgaris in young adults in the city of João Pessoa. METHODS Descriptive observational study conducted in gyms and in a dermatology clinic. Each participant was examined for acne on three occasions and followed for 60 days. RESULTS 30 patients were examined. Onset or exacerbation of acneiform lesions were observed (p <0.0005). The effect was more prominent in females and in individuals without current acne and no family history of acne. CONCLUSION This study showed the onset of acne with the progressive use of protein-calorie supplementation, in a two-month period. It is suggested that this type of supplementation be discouraged.

Association of HSD17B3 and HSD3B1 Polymorphisms with Acne Vulgaris in Southwestern Han Chinese

Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disorder. Previous studies have indicated that genetic background factors play key roles in the onset of acne. Our previous investigation implicated several genes in the androgen metabolism pathway with acne vulgaris in the Han Chinese population. Thus, we further investigated genes and genetic variants that play important roles in this pathway for their relationship with the pathology of acne. In this study, a total of 610 subjects, including 403 acne patients and 207 healthy controls, were genotyped for 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HSD3B1 and HSD17B3 genes. This study shows that rs6428829 in HSD3B1 was associated with acne vulgaris in Han patients from Southwest China, even after adjusting for age and sex. The GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of acne vulgaris (p < 0.05) and G allele carriers were associated with an increased risk of acne vulgaris (p < 0.05). In addition, the haplotype AAT in HSD3B1 significantly increased the risk of acne vulgaris in the case-control study (p < 0.05). Furthermore, for another gene in this pathway, HSD17B3, the haplotype H8 was significantly associated with an increased risk of acne vulgaris. Based on these analyses, our study indicates that the cutaneous androgen metabolism-regulated genes HSD3B1 and HSD17B3 increase the susceptibility to acne vulgaris in Han Chinese from Southwest China.

Differential approach to the selection of dermal and cosmetology products for the complex treatment of acne in women

The authors present current data about the epidemiology, clinical picture and principles of diagnostics and treatment of late-onset acne in women. The authors emphasize the leading part of endocrine and hormonal disorders and hyperandrogenism in women with late acne. They provide recommendations for basic skin care for women with the onset of acne at a mature age using medical and cosmetic products of the Matidiane line. The authors share their observations concerning the efficacy of using Matidiane medical and cosmetic products.

Acne in women with adrenic hyperandrogenism

Goal. Study of clinical and laboratory signs of adrenal hyperandrogenism in women with acne. Маterials and methods. 303 women with acne have been examined at the age of 20—40 years. The anamnesis has been studied and tests have been performed in order to determine the life quality as well as dermatologic and gynecologic examination with pilosis evaluation based on the Ferriman-Gallwey score , anthropometric and general clinical examination, endocrine profile studies, urine steroid profile, biochemical blood composition, as well as pelvic ultrasound and sebumetry. Results. The authors identified a group of women (n = 31) with the early onset of acne, hirsutism, android adiposity, prevalence of non-inflammatory skin eruptions, seborrhea, endocrine profile diseases according to blood test results and determination of the urine steroid profile, metabolic deviations, ineffective treatment with oral contraceptives. Conclusion. The authors revealed specific clinical and laboratory signs that can be referred to diagnostic criteria of adrenal hyperandrogenism in women with acne, which will make it possible to select the rational treatment for this category of patients in future.

Reduced Sebum Production in Turner Syndrome: A Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Turner's syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder caused by numeric and/or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. In a previous study it was observed that acne is less frequent in TS than in the general population. Since the onset of acne in pre-pubertal or pubertal age is related to sebum production, this study evaluates sebum secretion in TS patients, comparing the results with those of a control group of age-matched healthy female subjects. A total of 22 patients affected by TS (mean age 26.56±7.89 years) and a control group of 23 age-matched healthy females were studied. Sebum production was measured using a Sebumeter SM810. Mean sebum secretion in TS subjects was significantly lower than in the control group (81.35±66.44 UA vs 147.09±33.62 UA, p<0.001) and this significant difference was found in every facial zone. The reduction of sebum secretion may explain, using a simple and non-invasive method, the absence or the low incidence of acne in TS patients.

The clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women

Little is known about the clinical characteristics of acne based on the age of onset. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients according to the age of onset of acne and evaluate whether the findings were related to regional differences in the density of Propionibacterium acnes or the levels of sebum secretion. A total of 89 women were recruited. The acne lesions were assessed by counting the lesions using standard digital photographs. Digital fluorescent photography for the evaluation of the density of P. acnes were taken and quantitative measurements of facial sebum secretion were performed. In women with acne, the age of onset was negatively correlated with the number of comedones and the proportion of comedones. By comparing the number of comedones and the proportion of comedones, onset of acne after 21 years of age was defined as late onset acne. In the patients with late onset acne, the number of comedones, the total number of acne lesions and the proportions of comedones were significantly less than in the patients with early onset acne. However, there were no significant differences in the fluorescence density of P. acnes or the level of sebum secretion between the two groups. The results of this study, using objective evaluation tools, suggest that late onset acne has different clinical characteristics. Other possible factors might explain the clinical differences in late onset acne.

Changing the topography of acne with topical medications

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects approximately 40-50 million Americans annually. The peak incidence of acne occurs during adolescence and young adulthood, with approximately 80% of persons aged 11-30 years having at least minor acne. Because the onset of acne is typically in early adolescence, pediatricians are often at the front-lines in terms of caring for patients with this chief complaint. Over the last 2 years, new acne therapies have become available. These include new combination fixed-dose products, which may allow for greater flexibility in treatment and greater patient compliance. New topical antibiotics have also come to the market, providing more therapeutic options for mild to moderate inflammatory acne. Lastly, acne therapies involving the use of light sources and photosensitizers are currently being developed, which may provide a whole new modality for managing complicated patients. Successful management of acne requires the physician to make a thorough assessment of the patient's acne severity, predominant lesion type, skin type, and lifestyle in order to pair each individual patient's needs with the appropriate anti-acne therapy. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of acne and pre-existing topical therapies. It then discusses some novel acne therapies and outlines how they might fit into a physician's treatment strategy.

The epidemiology of adolescent acne in North East China

Adolescent acne impacts self-esteem and quality of life in adolescents and its aetiology is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of adolescent acne in North East China and determine the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the pathogenesis of acne. Data were collected from 5696 undergraduates (2920 patients and 2776 controls) using questionnaire. The survey data were analysed using spss version 13.0 and heritability of adolescent acne was calculated using Falconer's method. Total prevalence of adolescent acne was 51.30% (52.74% in males, 49.65% in females). The difference between genders was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Adolescents with a family history of acne had earlier age of onset (P < 0.001). The prevalence of acne in first- and second-degree relatives of acne patients was 22.5% and 7.19%, respectively, significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Heritability of adolescent acne was 78.47 +/- 2.05% in first-degree relatives and 75.05 +/- 3.18% in second-degree relatives. Risk factors to the acne suffers include (in descending order of occurrence), acne family history, mental stress, menstrual disorder, frequent insomnia, high fat diet, being male, dysmenorrhoea, anxiety, sleeping < 8 h per day, depression, fried food, study pressure, spicy food, oily skin and mixed type skin. Protective factors include (presented in descending order of occurrence) dry skin, neutral skin, frequent fruit consumption and computer access time < 2 h daily. Adolescent acne includes a familial genetic predisposition. Additional environmental factors of psychological stress, skin oiliness and high caloric diets may also contribute to the onset of acne in Chinese adolescents.

Acne Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

The demographic profile of facial acne vulgaris has changed during the past several decades; 12 years of age is no longer the low end of the "normal" range for onset of acne. The available epidemiologic evidence raises more questions than it answers regarding the etiology of this downward shift. More study is needed to clarify whether the trend toward an earlier onset of puberty in the United States has influenced the clinical picture of acne. Additional research will help advance understanding of the spectrum of pathophysiologic changes in acne in younger pediatric patients and whether it varies from that found in individuals in whom the onset of acne occurs at approximately 12 years of age or later.

Acne's relationship with psychiatric and psychological morbidity: results of a school‐based cohort study of adolescents

There is a considerable number of studies linking acne with psychological and psychiatric morbidities, although this literature is not entirely consistent and is largely cross-sectional in methodology. This study aims to establish the relationship of acne and psychological and psychiatric morbidity in adolescents in a community setting and, via a longitudinal methodology, provide evidence for causality in the relationship. The study was a 12-month cohort study. Two hundred and forty-four students in Years 8, 9 and 11 (ages 14-17) at four Australian high schools were assessed at baseline 6 months and 12 months. Presence and severity of acne were assessed, along with a number of psychological and psychiatric morbidities and personality traits (depression, anxiety, overall psychiatric morbidity, self-consciousness, neuroticism and introversion/extraversion) and other demographic variables. Of the 244 participating students, 209 (86%) completed all three rounds of data collection. A further 26 (11%) completed two rounds. The study failed to demonstrate an association of the presence of acne or of acne severity with the examined measures of psychological and psychiatric morbidity, and no evidence for an effect of acne in their causation. The relationship of acne and psychological morbidities found in previous health care settings was not found in this community sample. This may be due to differences between community and clinical acne populations. Other possible reasons for this finding are attenuation of psychological morbidity in subjects in this study by successful acne treatment, and the role of personality traits in the complex relationship between acne and psychological morbidities. It is suggested that this relationship would be best investigated by means of longer-term cohort studies enlisting subjects at an early age, prior to the onset of acne.

Acne on pigmented skin

Acne on pigmented skin occurs in Africans and their descendants, as well as in patients with a skin phototype above IV. Acne is common in Africans and is often the primary reason for consulting a dermatologist. Acne on pigmented skin is principally inflammatory acne. The sequelae in terms of pigmentation are often the main reason for consulting a dermatologist, and take precedence over the acne itself. Research is needed into cosmetic acne and steroid-induced dermatitis, which are common in users of skin bleaching products. The treatment for acne in pigmented skin involves the same medicines as used in acne in white skin. Of the available topical treatments, benzoyl peroxide is particularly effective for the inflammatory component. Retinoids act on both the retentional and inflammatory components of acne and have skin bleaching properties. Tetracyclines are essential on initiation of treatment, regardless of severity. They prevent an inflammatory episode at the onset of acne and rapidly improve the inflammatory component. Minocycline should not be prescribed in African patients. Fatal cases of hypersensitivity have been described, with a particular frequency in this population. Doxycycline is effective, but has photosensitizing properties. Lymecycline is well tolerated. Isotretinoin is indicated for nodular acne. The same precautions for use should be followed as in all cases of acne. The skin bleaching effects are considerable. Photoprotection should generally be imposed, but, in patients with black skin, photoprotective agents are often not applied. The administration of a cosmetic containing a skin bleaching agent combined with a photoprotective agent for application in the morning, instead of hydrating cream, is acceptable to patients, improves compliance, and is effective.

Epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic features of acne in Dakar, Senegal

Acne, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the pilosebaceous follicle, is very widespread worldwide, affecting 75-80% of adolescents, with an impact on their quality of life. The etiologic factors are not always the same, and the treatments proposed are not always well tolerated in black individuals. To determine how acne affects the black population in Dakar, Senegal, and to assess the results of and tolerance to treatment. This was a prospective study conducted on a sample of patients who attended consultations for acne in our dermatology department between December 2002 and March 2003, and who agreed to take part in the study (informed consent was obtained). An anonymous questionnaire was used as a support. Ninety-three patients were included in the study, with a hospital frequency of 5.3% and an average age of onset of acne of 25.58 years. In 75% of cases, the acne sufferers were young women, 76.3% of whom were single. Acne was of the superficial inflammatory type in 76.3%, retentional in 67.7%, and nodulocystic in 12.9% (Some patients who have acne vulgaris may have pustules, papules and nodules or cystic lesions so the percentages add up to 100). Signs of hyperandrogeny were observed in 19.1%, with hirsutism in 93.8%. Artificial depigmentation was noted in 38.7%. Stress was found in 89.2% and a depressive state in 3.4%. Solar exposure aggravated the lesions in 52.7%. In terms of therapy, only 1.1% received oral retinoids. An improvement was noted in 67.2%, and resistance was observed in 7.3%. In Dakar, Senegal, patients with acne consult later than elsewhere. The majority of cases are women, contrary to certain other studies. The inflammatory forms predominate in adult women. The most frequent location is on the face. An evolution to pigmentary disorders is found in 67.7%. Predisposing factors include the use of depigmenting cosmetic products and sun exposure. Local treatment, such as benzoyl peroxide and topical retinoids, which promote melanoderma in black skin, is widely used. The exorbitant cost of oral retinoids considerably limits their use in Senegal. Acne, an adolescent pathology, is increasingly being observed in adults using depigmenting cosmetics. The multiple clinical forms are dominated by inflammatory acne. The many relapses and cost of treatment have a detrimental effect on the quality of life of patients.

An evaluation of the clinical, cytological, infectious and histopathological features of feline acne

Clinical, cytological, microbial and histopathological features of feline acne were investigated in 22 cats referred or volunteered to a veterinary dermatology practice in the south-west region of the USA. For comparison, same parameters were evaluated in five unaffected pet cats. Additionally, all cats were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpes virus (FHV-1) in acne lesions. The age of onset of acne in affected cats ranged from 6 months to 14 years with a median of 4 years. The most common dermatologic lesions were comedones (73%), alopecia (68%), crusts (55%), papules (45%) and erythema (41%). Pruritus was reported in 35% of the affected cats. Cytological evidence of Malassezia pachydermatitis was present on 4/22 (18%) of affected cats. Microsporum canis was isolated from a single affected cat. Bacteria were isolated from 10 of the 22 (45%) affected cats; coagulase-positive staphylococci and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were most common. Histopathological features included lymphoplasmacytic periductal inflammation (86%), sebaceous gland duct dilatation (73%), follicular keratosis with plugging and dilatation (59%), epitrichial gland occlusion and dilatation (32%), folliculitis (27%), pyogranulomatous sebaceous adenitis (23%) and furunculosis (23%). In one affected cat from a household with five cats, simultaneously having feline acne, FCV antigen was detected in the biopsy of the chin by IHC. Chin tissue samples from all other affected cats, as well as the five healthy cats, were negative by IHC for FCV and FHV-1 antigens.

Acne Is Not a Stigma of HIV Infection: A Review of 36 Patients

Introduction: Several diseases with follicular occlusion have been described in HIV-infected patients and can appear isolated or associated with each other in an independent disease named ‘HIV-associated follicular syndrome’. Worsening of cutaneous lesions during the course of infection in patients with previous acne vulgaris, late onset or severe forms of acne have been reported in HIV-infected patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of 335 HIV-infected patients was performed in our hospital. A meticulous dermatological exploration in all patients was made, and multiple data were stored into a Microsoft Access 97 program. Patients diagnosed as having acne were considered separately, and we studied their characteristics. A statistical analysis with SPSS 9.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was performed. Results: Thirty-six patients (10.8%) were diagnosed as having acne. Papulopustular lesions were the most frequent clinical presentation. Most lesions were localized on the face or on the back, and 80% of patients had mild to moderate acne; 40% of them required no treatment and the remainder was treated with topical measures, oral antibiotics and isotretinoin. 85% of cases reported the onset of acne during adolescence or before HIV infection and without any relationship with this disease. No relation between acne intensity and stage of HIV infection was observed. A multivariate analysis showed that the most important variable was age. Discussion: In contrast to previous reports, no greater intensity or modifications in acne lesions were observed in our HIV-infected patients during the course of the disease. In the majority of cases, cutaneous lesions started before HIV infection, during adolescence, and the most important factor for suffering from acne was young age. In contrast to data reported in the literature, no relation of acne lesions to CD4 lymphocyte count or AIDS case criteria was found in our patients. Conclusions: Acne in HIV-infected patients has characteristics similar to those in non-HIV-infected patients. The age is the most important factor for the appearance of lesions that usually develop during adolescence. Acne lesions are not modified by HIV infection, and no relationship with the severity of HIV infection has been observed.

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Acne and hirsuties in teenagers

Acne and body hair are both cutaneous responses to androgenic stimulation. They are normal events in adolescent girls. There is considerable variation in the evolution of the two conditions. The sebaceous gland is exquisitely sensitive to androgens, and acne appears with the onset of puberty, peaks in prevalence in the teenage years and gradually improves thereafter. Hair growth on the face, trunk and limbs develops more slowly and generally peaks in the 20s. Indications for endocrine investigation include very severe acne, onset of acne and hirsuties in the very early stage of puberty (Tanner stage 3) and systemic virilism. Treatment for acne and hirsuties can be either topical or systemic. The choice of therapy is based on the severity of the disease rather than the results of endocrine investigation. Further, since PCO is related to impaired glucose tolerance, advice relating to lifestyle changes should be offered to prevent the development of diabetes.

Emotions and Acne

Background: Acne is a very common and disfiguring disease that more or less severely affects the majority of adolescents and, to some extent, also adults. The importance of emotional stress in the onset or worsening particularly of skin diseases has long been a subject of study and debate, and it has been shown that stress stimuli may lead to behavioral changes and biological modifications within the muscular, neurovegetative and psychoneuroendocrinal as well as the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acne may have psychosomatic genesis and may be based on stress, personality, mood, and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical axis. Patients and Methods: In order to establish whether stress is a causal factor or only a consequence of the disease, four tests were used to reveal the presence and possible influence of specific stressing events as a concomitant primary or secondary cause of onset or progression. The study population consisted of 33 patients (29 women and 4 men, with a mean age of 27.87 ± 7.3 (range 19–47) years). Results: Paykel’s scale of stressing events showed that the majority of the patient group (67%) reported a relationship between the onset of acne and the occurrence of a stressing event. This was particularly true for recent stressing events, mainly those associated with emotional life (30%) and education (37%). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) provided an average personality profile highlighting the fact that acne particularly develops in people with depressed (depression scale mean score 75.41 ± 15.59) and conformist (masculinity/femininity scale mean score 42.23 ± 15.53) personality traits. Zung’s test indicated that the mood of the subjects was partly depressed (63.6%), and finally the Questionario per la Tipizzazione della Aggressivita (QTA) revealed a tendency to aggressiveness (particularly resentment and irritability) within the sample.

Acne and hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical, endocrine–metabolic and ultrasonographic differences

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the absence or presence of acne or hirsutism in 248 women with polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with different clinical, endocrine, metabolic andultrasonographic factors. Patients were divided into three groups: 96 (38.7%) without any androgenic symptoms; 94 (37.9%) with only hirsutism; and 58 (23.4%) with only acne. The cycle alterations (oligomenorrheaor amenorrhea) and the echographic ovarian morphology (polycystic or multifollicular ovaries) showed no significant differences between the three groups. Hirsutism was associated with a greater incidenceof obesity and insulin resistance, with an increase of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, ovarian and adrenal androgens, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and low luteinizinghormone, sex hormone binding globulins and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels. Acne was associated only with the lowest 3α-androstanediol glucuronide levels. Therefore, twodifferent pathogenetic mechanisms may play a role in the onset of acne and hirsutism.

Post-acne scarring: a short review of its pathophysiology.

The onset of acne is an expected phenomenon in adolescence. However, its arrival produces long-term psychological and physical sequelae for the individual. A review of available data illustrates the pathophysiological sequence of the advent of post-acne scarring from its humble beginnings as a microscopic comedone to its eventual devastating end point of indented or exophytic scars. Acne scarring shows many different forms and is explainable by the depth and severity of the antecedent inflammation and the ability of the individual to heal these lesions. Post-acne scarring is debilitating and socially disabling for many and is the avoidable outcome of untreated or inadequately treated acne. Treatment will depend on the resultant scar topography.