On-line X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Research Articles

XRF online analyzer for measurements of P2O5 content in phosphate slurry

Online X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) setup was constructed and optimized for analysing the P2O5 content in phosphate slurry (PS). Serval samples were analysed using two configurations of the setup, one with low and vertical flow and another with high and horizontal flow. The mean absolute error achieved through the first configuration was 0.87% and 0.38% using the second configuration. Reference samples were analyzed using the two configurations to construct the calibration curves. The curves cover a concentration range of P2O5 from 13.50 to 18.50% when considering the horizontal flow configuration, and a range of 14.00–15.60% when considering the vertical flow setup. An experimental study was conducted in order to optimize the measurement parameters for the online measurement of P2O5 in the phosphate slurry using the horizontal flow setup. A good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Pleft(Kalpha right) was attained using an excitation energy of 20 kV or 25 kV, an excitation current of 600 µA, a distance of 18 mm between the sample and the detector, a measurement time of 60 s per spectrum and the use of an Aluminum filter between the X-ray tube and the measurement window. Online X-ray fluorescence analysis of P entails some challenges due to the low characteristic energy of P, the phosphate slurry matrix and the online analysis mode. However, the outcomes of this study indicate that XRF is a promising technology to meet the requirement for digitalization of chemical analysis of phosphate products.

A distance correction method for improving the accuracy of particle coal online X-ray fluorescence analysis – Part 2: Method and experimental investigation

The distance from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer to sample surface always changes with the different coal's particle sizes, resulting in the inaccuracy of online XRF measurement. To improve the accuracy of particle coal online XRF analysis, a distance correction method was established elaborated by iteration, which was based on the relationship between the XRF intensity and the distance. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, five different particle size coal samples with same components have been measured by the online XRF analyzer directly above the conveyor belt, in the meanwhile, the distances between XRF spectrometer and samples’ surface were obtained by a laser rangefinder. The results showed that the average distances are decreased with decreasing the particle size. By comparing the results of before and after applying the distance correction method, we demonstrated that the measurement accuracy of online XRF analysis for particle coal can be significantly increased. The distance correction method can be used for the development of online XRF analysis techniques applicable for real-time industrial processes.

A distance correction method for improving the accuracy of particle coal online X-ray fluorescence analysis - Part 1: Theoretical dependence of XRF intensity on the distance

During online X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement, the distance from XRF spectrometer to the sample surface always changes due to the rough surface textures of pulverized coal, resulting in changes in the X-ray fluorescent intensity and inaccuracy of online XRF measurement. To solve the impact of the sample's rough surface textures on the measurement accuracy, the theory and validity details of the dependence of XRF intensity on the distance as well as the comparison of the formula derivation and experimental verification were elaborated in the present research. A typical XRF calculation model has been built for theoretical derivation. The expression of the relationship between the XRF intensity and the distance from XRF spectrometer to sample surface was derived, where the variation of the distance influenced five physical phenomena: (1) absorption of X-rays by the air, (2) irradiated surface area of the samples, (3) changes in exit angle, (4) changes in solid angle and (5) absorption of X-ray fluorescence by the air. The intensities of the Fe Kα spectral lines in iron were calculated and agreed with the experiments very well, indicating that the expression of the dependence was accurate. The dependence of X-ray fluorescence intensity on the distance is the theoretical basis of the distance correction method to improve the accuracy of online XRF analysis techniques in industrial processes.

Online X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis of Heavy Metals in Pulverized Coal on a Conveyor Belt.

Heavy metals in haze episode will continue to threaten the quality of public health around the world. In order to decrease the emission of heavy metals produced from coal burning, an online X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer system, consisting of an XRF analyzer with data acquisition software and a laser rangefinder, was developed to carry out the measurement of heavy metals in pulverized coal. The XRF analyzer was mounted on a sled, which can effectively smooth the surface of pulverized coal and reduce the impact of surface roughness during online measurement. The laser rangefinder was mounted over the sled for measuring the distance between a pulverized coal sample and the analyzer. Several heavy metals and other elements in pulverized coal were online measured by the XRF analyzer directly above a conveyor belt. The limits of detection for Hg, Pb, Cr, Ti, Fe, and Ca by the analyzer were 44 ± 2, 34 ± 2, 17 ± 3, 41 ± 4, 19 ± 3, and 65 ± 2 mg·kg(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) for the elements mentioned was less than 7.74%. By comparison with the results by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), relative deviation (%D) of the online XRF analyzer was less than 10% for Cr, Ti, and Ca, in the range of 0.8-24.26% for Fe, and greater than 20% for Hg and Pb.

Development of an online X-ray fluorescence analysis system for heavy metals measurement in cement raw meal

ABSTRACTParticulate matters, gaseous chemicals, and heavy metals emitted from industrial processes into the environment could be directly transmitted to humans through air inhalation. In order to accurately estimate health risk and control the source of pollution caused by cement raw meal, an online X-ray fluorescence analyzer system, consisting of an X-ray fluorescence analyzer with data acquisition software and a laser rangefinder, was developed to carry out the measurement of heavy metals in cement raw meal. The X-ray fluorescence analyzer was mounted on a sled, which can effectively smooth the surface of cement raw meal and reduce the impact of surface roughness during online measurement. The laser rangefinder was mounted over the sled for measuring the distance between cement raw meal sample and the analyzer. Several heavy metals and other elements in cement raw meal were online measured by the X-ray fluorescence analyzer directly above a conveyor belt. The limits of detection for Pb, Cr, Fe, Ti, Ca, and S by the analyzer were 47 ± 1, 33 ± 1, 37 ± 1, 44 ± 1, 246 ± 4, and 118 ± 1 mg kg−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the elements mentioned was less than 10.7%. By comparison with the results by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and CHNS/O elemental analyzer, relative deviation (D) of the online X-ray fluorescence analyzer was less than 7.4% for Fe, Ti, Ca, and S, between 1.71% and 12.10% for Pb and Cr.

Remote operations support system for on-line analyzer

Remote, telecommunications based support for process equipment operation and maintenance can offer substantial benefits for the end-user in terms of improved up¬time and better quality of operation. Equipment vendors can utilize this kind of facility to improve their after-sales services for the end-user. A remote operations support system has been designed and realized. The prototype system has been applied to and experimented with an on-line X-ray fluorescence analyzer manufactured by Outokumpu Mintec Oy. The system comprises software modules in the analyzer operating station end and in the remote expert station end. The communications between both ends uses TCP/IP protocol and the communications media can be Internet, or wired and/or wireless or satellite-based telephony network.

On-Line Analysis Application in a Feldspar and Quartz Concentrator Plant

The automation of metal concentration plants started during the latter half of the 1960’s when the first on-line X-ray fluorescence analyzers became commercially available. Nowadays over 2 00 such analyzers have been installed to measure mainly heavy metals like iron, copper, zinc, nickel, etc.The automation of mineral concentrators has remained relatively modest due to the fact that on-line analyzers capable of measuring light elements such as calcium, chlorine and kalium or even minerals such as talc or apatite have not been available. The situation is changing quickly because on-line analyzers that measure both light elements and minerals have been introduced on the market.In this presentation the Kemiö feldspar and quartz plant of Lohja Oy has been selected as an example for the utilization of on-line analyzers in mineral concentrators. The quality requirements set for feldspar and quartz are examined and the utilization of an on-line X-ray fluorescence analyzer to meet these requirements is discussed. The accuracy requirements as well as the external conditions effecting the measurement are further discussed. Finally, the economic profitability of automating feldspar and quartz concentration is studied.

On-line analyzer for Ni-Zn alloy electroplated coating on steel.

The Ni–Zn electroplated steel sheet is used as a car body material because of its high corrosion resistance. On production of this sheet, the coating weight and Ni content of the alloy coating are necessary to be controlled to ensure the quality of the products. An on-line X-ray fluorescence analyzer has been developed for the determination of the coating weight and Ni content of the alloy coating. The features of the analyzer are summarized as follows:(1) The analysis is carried out full automatically.(2) X-ray intensities are measured by a detector (ionization chamber) with an Fe filter and the other with a Ni filter.The coating weight and the Ni content are calculated from the intensities measured by the two detectors.(3) This analyzer has been operated for seven years without any trouble.

A Compact On-Line XRF Analyzer for Chemical and Petrochemical Processes

The need for process control has led to the development of improved instrumentation for measuring chemical contents of process streams. In many instances, on-line X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis represents a straightforward method to accomplish these kinds of analyses. The sample preparation is often easy compared to many other methods and the XRF analyzer can be calibrated with process stream or artificial standards. Results are obtained in a time frame suitable for closed-loop control strategies. The Courier 10 is a new, compact on-line XRF analyzer which has been developed for chemical and petrochemical process applications such as sulfur and/or lead in gasoline; calcium in polymers; and chrome, iron ,nickel in metal treatment baths.

Automatic particulate sulfur measurements with a dichotomous sampler and on-line x-ray fluorescence analysis

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic particulate sulfur measurements with a dichotomous sampler and on-line x-ray fluorescence analysisJoseph M. Jaklevic, Billy W. Loo, and Ted Y. FujitaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 6, 687–690Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/es00088a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (974 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

半導体検出器を用いた螢光X線分析

X-ray Fluorescence analysis sytem using Si (Li) non-dispersive detector is developed and it can be applied to steel industrial analysis. The system is especially suitable to the on-line rapid analysis as the Si (Li) detector has very high sensitivity and is not affected by circumstance. The applicatinos of the system are as follows.(1) On-line X-ray fluorescence analysis of tubings in order to distinguish the type of steel.(2) X-ray fluorescence analysis of particular shape objects, such as wire cross-section, large forged steel etc.(3) Thickness measurement of coating on steel sheet zinc coating thickness for galvanized sheet and paint thickness of colored galvanized sheet.(4) X-ray diffractionThe results are very excellent, resolution power and stability are practically satisfied.