Online Voting System Research Articles

Online Voting System Using Blockchain: A Secure and Transparent Approach

Blockchain technology has emerged as a viable solution for secure and transparent digital voting systems. Traditional voting systems, particularly online voting mechanisms, are often vulnerable to security risks such as hacking, tampering, and vote manipulation. Furthermore, maintaining voter anonymity and ensuring data integrity are significant challenges. Blockchain, with its distributed and immutable ledger, offers potential solutions by providing a secure and decentralized approach to recording votes. This paper explores the architecture, implementation, and advantages of a blockchain-based online voting system that leverages the security features of blockchain technology to improve the voting process. By utilizing cryptographic principles and decentralized data storage, the system enhances transparency, reduces fraud risks, and ensures that votes remain immutable. The proposed system includes mechanisms for voter registration, vote casting, and result verification, all of which are secured by smart contracts. Experimental results demonstrate that blockchain can maintain voter anonymity, resist tampering, and provide an auditable voting trail. Additionally, the study discusses challenges in scalability, latency, and regulatory compliance, offering insights into potential improvements and future work. Overall, the research indicates that blockchain based voting has the potential to transform electoral processes, providing a trusted digital voting alternative that aligns with democratic principles. Key Words: Blockchain Technology, Digital Voting, Online Voting Systems, Data Integrity, Transparency, Security, Cryptography, Smart Contracts, Voter Anonymity, Tamper-Resistance, Immutable Ledger, Scalability, Decentralization.

Enhancing Security and Transparency in Online Voting through Blockchain Decentralization

Most existing e-government services are centralized and rely heavily on human control. This centralized approach makes the system more susceptible to external attacks and compromises data integrity by rogue insiders. Additionally, relying on individuals to monitor and control workflows introduces errors and corruption risks. In order to guarantee security and transparency, this study proposes an automated and decentralized online voting system that makes use of blockchain technology. Compared to conventional voting techniques, it is more efficient and cost-effective, because it eliminates the need of intermediaries. The primary goal of this research is to use blockchain technology to develop a transparent and safe online voting system. In this paper, a decentralized voting system will be developed utilizing ethereum blockchain and smart contracts to ensure the voting process’s integrity. The system can be evaluated with simulated voting data to reflect real-world scenarios, focusing on security, scalability, and user-friendliness. The study also explores potential future enhancements, such as incorporating biometric authentication to further improve accessibility and security. The insights provided will be valuable to policymakers, researchers, and practitioners involved in the development, implementation, and regulation of blockchain-based voting systems.

Implementing a Three-Step Security Protocol for Advanced Online Election Systems: A Novel Approach

Organization of voting is the strength of character of all equalitarianism and system. Our country utilize an offline voting systems that are incompetent and disorganized by cause of the demand for abundant man power, and more refinement time for announcement outcome. Our Online Voting System aims at minimizing the division between traditional voting methods by facilitating and updating them. Our system makes it possible for voters to vote their favorable candidates from home through safe and stable online voting. By integrating India's Aadhaar card system and implementing OTPs (One Time Passwords) for better security, ensure a resilient and trustworthy voting process with full integrity. Once they login, voters are led through a strict authentication rules that checks for the genuineness of their ID cards before allowing them to continue. This comprehensive verification mechanism provides that only individuals who meet the requirements are able to participate thereby considerably decreasing the chance for electoral fraud. In addition to that, we also ensure that the system gives space to vote in secret and the votes are protected using strong cryptography measures. Our platform aims at fulfilling this object by leveraging advanced technologies. In this regard, we work towards a better and more egalitarian and democratic electoral system.

BLOCKCHAIN-POWERED VOTING: ENHANCING SECURITY, TRANSPARENCY, AND ACCESSIBILITY IN DIGITAL DEMOCRACY

Election officials encounter a range of challenges during electoral processes, notably issues like inaccurate vote confirmation and instances of unauthorized voting. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a cutting-edge online voting system that enhances the efficiency and security of elections. This autonomous system employs a camera to capture the images of voters, which are subsequently stored in a secure database. Utilizing Blockchain technology and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), the captured images are analyzed to facilitate accurate voter identification. The CNN is trained on a diverse dataset of labeled images to ensure high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, our system integrates a dual-factor authentication approach, combining facial recognition with Email One-Time Password (OTP) verification to confirm the identities of voters. This innovative methodology aims to bolster the integrity and trustworthiness of online voting mechanisms, paving the way for a more transparent and inclusive digital democratic process.

Website for Online Election System

The goal of this article is to present the design and execution of an online voting system that will improve the election process's accessibility, security, and efficiency. The integrity and confidentiality of votes cast are guaranteed by the proposed system, which makes use of secure web technologies and contemporary cryptography techniques. Real-time result tabulation, end-to-end encryption, and user authentication are important features. Regardless of their level of technical expertise, voters may easily traverse the platform thanks to the user-friendly design of the system. Strong safeguards are also put in place to guard against fraud and guarantee voters' confidentiality, answering worries about the possibility of cyberattacks and illegal access. The online voting system has undergone extensive testing and review, and the results show that it significantly outperforms traditional voting systems in terms of voter participation rates, convenience, and accuracy.

An Efficient Blockchain Enabled Score Voting with Face Recognition

The security considerations of the votes are based on blockchain technology using cryptographic hashes to secure end-to-end verification. To this end, a successful vote cast is considered as a transaction within the blockchain of the voting application. Therefore, a vote cast is added as a new block (after successful mining) in the blockchain as well as being recorded in data tables at the backend of the database. The system ensures only one-person, one-vote (democracy) property of voting systems. This is achieved by using the voter’s unique face image, which is matched at the beginning of every voting attempt to prevent double voting. The Face Recognition is the study of physical or behavioral characteristics of human being used for the identification of person. So implement real time authentication system using face biometrics for authorized the person for online voting system. This work claims to score voting method and data management challenges in blockchain and provides an improved manifestation of the electronic voting process. Score-based voting methods, also known as range voting or rated voting, are electoral systems where voters are allowed to express their preferences for candidates or options by assigning numerical scores to them. Unlike traditional voting methods where voters choose a single candidate, score-based systems enable voters to provide a more nuanced and detailed assessment of their preferences. It is important here to note that cryptographic hash for a voter is the unique hash of voter by which voter is known in the blockchain. This property facilitates achieving verifiability of the overall voting process. Furthermore, this id is hidden and no one can view it even a system operator cannot view this hash therefore achieving privacy of individual voters.

ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM

Abstract : The development of an online voting system aims to modernize the electoral process by leveraging digital technologies to ensure a secure, efficient, and accessible voting experience. This system addresses critical issues such as voter authentication, ballot secrecy, vote integrity, and result accuracy. It employs robust cryptographic techniques to protect the confidentiality and integrity of votes, ensuring that each vote is uniquely linked to an authenticated voter while maintaining anonymity. The platform supports multi-factor authentication to verify voter identity and employs end-to-end encryption to safeguard vote transmission. Additionally, the system includes mechanisms for real-time monitoring and auditing to prevent and detect any fraudulent activities. By enhancing accessibility, the online voting system makes it easier for individuals, including those with disabilities or residing in remote locations, to participate in the electoral process. This system promises to improve voter turnout, reduce costs associated with traditional voting methods, and provide timely and accurate election results. However, it also necessitates addressing potential challenges such as cyber security threats, digital literacy, and ensuring equitable access to technology. Overall, the online voting system represents a significant advancement in the evolution of democratic processes. IndexTerms – Online voting, E-voting, Security.

Analysis of research on the implementation of Blockchain technologies in regional electoral processes

Implementation of Blockchain technologies in online voting system is becoming increasingly popular in modern society and has significantly efficiency in governance. This article explores how Blockchain technologies can boost government operations, making them more transparent and effective. It focuses on an in-depth analysis of current research and methods on Blockchain-based electronic voting systems. The aim of this study is investigated and analysis the potential contributions of Blockchain technology to e-voting by drawing insights from global best practices. According to literature review and case studies of Blockchain implementation in government are conducted to identify existing systems and methods of e-voting, identifying their strengths and weaknesses by analyzing European countries and preparing the ground for future alternatives. Additionally, it examined the role of public education in fostering trust and understanding of Blockchain technology and analyzed the legislative landscape in neighboring jurisdictions to solidify Blockchain’s role in decision-making processes. The results of the study provide a comprehensive perspective, and the findings emphasize the relevance of the study, its contribution to understanding the problems and prospects of introducing Blockchain into electoral processes at the regional level.

IMPLEMENTATION OF VOTING SYSTEM USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

In the era of digital transformation, traditional methods of conducting college elections face challenges such as logistical inefficiencies, limited participation, and a lack of transparency. To address these issues, we propose the development of an online voting system leveraging blockchain technology for college elections. This project aims to modernize the election process by providing a secure, transparent, and accessible platform for selecting student leaders. By harnessing the immutability and transparency of blockchain, the system ensures the integrity of the voting process, enhances voter participation, and promotes democratic values within the college community. Through this initiative, we aspire to empower students to actively engage in shaping their college governance and foster a culture of transparency and accountability.

Online Voting System using Blockchain Technology

Voting stands as a cornerstone of democracy in any nation, empowering citizens to select future leaders and express their views within their communities. It fosters an understanding of civic duty and citizenship significance. Online voting systems, digital platforms designed to conduct elections securely, streamline the voting process by eliminating traditional paper ballots and in-person gatherings. These systems safeguard the integrity of each vote by preventing multiple submissions. Contrasting paper-based methods, electronic voting, or e-voting, offers inherent advantages such as heightened efficiency and reduced errors. Such systems promote broader participation by enabling individuals to vote from any location with internet access. Blockchain technology, an emerging decentralized innovation with robust cryptographic underpinnings, holds promise for enhancing various industries. Integrating e-voting with blockchain could address existing e-voting concerns. Here, we propose a blockchain-based voting system to curb fraud and enhance the simplicity, security, and efficiency of the voting process. Keywords: Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart-contracts, Online-voting, Privacy, Trust, Security

Block chain Enabled Online Electoral System to Address Security Challenges and Transparency

The right to vote is a foundational privilege for citizens in any democratic nation, empowering them to select future leaders and express their views on community matters. Voting fosters an understanding of the significance of citizenship and individual participation. Modern online voting systems, software platforms facilitating secure voting, have emerged as a digital alternative to traditional paper-based methods. These systems eliminate the need for physical presence, offering the convenience of voting from anywhere with an internet connection. Importantly, online voting platforms enhance the security and integrity of the voting process, employing measures such as encryption to prevent issues like voter fraud. Additionally, they address concerns by ensuring voters cannot cast multiple ballots, thus upholding the fairness of elections. While online voting presents advantages, it also poses challenges related to cybersecurity and privacy, necessitating a careful balance between accessibility and security considerations. It's crucial to stay updated on the latest developments in the field of online voting. Keyword: Block chain, Online Electoral System, Security, Transparency, Immutability.

Selective comparison of verifiable online voting systems

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a guideline for identifying the most suitable online voting system under the given requirements and acceptable tradeoffs. We have selected twelve (more or less) well‐known online voting systems that rely on distinct cryptographic mechanisms for achieving security. For each of the systems, we summarized the key architectural and cryptographic ideas behind their design. Then, we analyzed the required trust assumptions for achieving the three most important security properties (i.e., verifiability, divided between cast‐as‐intended, recorded‐as‐cast, and tallied‐as‐recorded verifiabilities, privacy, and receipt‐freeness). To make a fair comparison, we did our analysis based on identical security definitions. Note that we selected wildly known and well‐accepted definitions, which are scheme‐neutral, to avoid any biases. Also, we discussed some of the most critical practical aspects of those systems, such as–the necessity for secure or anonymous channels, reliance on secure printer facilities and so forth. To facilitate the comparison, we suggested a unified naming convention for system elements based on their roles and functions. Then, based on the unified naming convention, we compared all twelve online voting systems for both the security properties and practical aspects. Finally, we summarized our observations regarding patterns and dependencies we observed, provided guidelines for selecting the online voting system, and gave recommendations regarding system design. We hope our work contributes to the online literature and facilitates the process of selecting the most suitable e‐voting system depending on the requirements of a specific election.

Design and Implementation of a Secured, Real-Time Internet-based Voting System

The Internet of Voting system presented in this paper represents a modern solution to the challenges faced by the traditional electoral processes. In an era characterized by technological advancements, this system harnesses digital innovation to enhance the efficiency, security, and accessibility of elections. Evolving from a rich history of voting systems, this digital platform integrates several influential works and leverages cutting-edge technology to create a user-friendly interface with robust security measures. The system addresses critical issues that have plagued traditional paper and electronic ballots, such as voter confusion and fraud, by implementing stringent encryption techniques, password renewal mechanisms, and real-time prevention of duplicated votes. It enables the elimination of multiple registrations, streamlining the voter registration process. Online voting systems have gained prominence as a means of conducting elections efficiently, reducing logistical challenges, and increasing voter accessibility. The system offers three distinct categories for voting: Regional Elections, Local Elections, and Presidential Elections, each with its own set of independent candidates.

Smart Voting Web Based Application Using Aadhar

Abstract: Elections are a crucial part of any democratic system, and it is essential to ensure that the voting process is conducted in a fair and transparent manner. In traditional paper-based elections, the process is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and prone to errors. In this context, the use of technology can significantly improve the efficiency, security, and accuracy of the voting process. In this project, we propose an online voting system that uses face recognition technology to identify and authenticate voters. The proposed system allows voters to cast their votes remotely, eliminating the need for physical ballot boxes and reducing the cost and time involved in the voting process. The system works by capturing the facial image of the voter and passing it to the server unit for verification. The server compares the facial image with the information stored in the database and verifies the identity of the voter. If the identity is verified, the voter is allowed to cast the vote; otherwise, an error message is displayed on the screen, and the person is not allowed to poll the vote. The system is designed to be secure and tamper-proof. The use of face recognition technology makes it difficult for anyone to impersonate another person and cast a fraudulent vote. The system also ensures that each voter can cast only one vote, and the voting process is conducted in a transparent and fair manner. Overall, the proposed online voting system offers numerous advantages over traditional paper-based voting systems, including increased efficiency, reduced cost, improved security, and transparency.

E-voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology

With the invention of Internet-enabled devices, cloud and blockchain-based technologies, an online voting system can smoothly carry out election processes. During pandemic situations, citizens tend to develop panic about mass gatherings, which may influence the decrease in the number of votes. This urges a reliable, flexible, transparent, secure, and cost-effective voting system. The proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system, and it is carried out in three phases: the registration phase, vote casting phase and vote counting phase. A timestamp-based authentication protocol with digital signature validates voters and candidates during the registration and vote casting phases. Using smart contracts, third-party interventions are eliminated, and the transactions are secured in the blockchain network. Finally, to provide accurate voting results, the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that the vote has not been modified or corrupted. Hence, the overall performance of the proposed system is significantly better than that of the existing system. Further performance was analyzed based on authentication delay, vote alteration, response time, and latency.

Highly secured and effective management of app-based online voting system using RSA encryption and decryption

This study pioneers an innovative approach to fortifying online voting systems, leveraging RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) encryption and decryption techniques for robust data protection. Through a comprehensive amalgamation of advanced security layers, including MobileFaceNet-driven face verification, device fingerprint matching, and multi-factor authentication, this system engenders a resilient shield against cyber vulnerabilities. By harnessing a Firebase database, user information is securely stored and authenticated, affirming their pivotal role in the democratic process. The symphony of RSA encryption and decryption orchestrates a formidable fortress around data transmission and storage, ensuring impregnable security against digital threats. This paradigm shift in voting technology strives to not only elevate security but also enhance accessibility and convenience, ultimately contributing to the evolution of online voting systems and fostering greater participation rates and reducing associated costs in the digital era.

Blockchain Voting: A Step Towards Inclusive Democracy

Abstract: The online voting system that incorporates blockchain technology aims to transform the voting process by introducing upgraded trust, transparency and security. Through the utilization of a decentralized blockchain network, the proposed system ensures that each vote is securely recorded and verified, thereby establishing an immutable and tamper-resistant voting mechanism. One of the fundamental feature of the system is eligible voter verification. By leveraging blockchain's distributed nature, the system can verify the identity and eligibility of each voter, ensure that eligible individuals can only participate in the voting system. This authentication process adds an additional layer of security and helps prevent fraudulent activities. Secure vote casting is another crucial component of the proposed voting system. Through the utilization of blockchain, each and every vote is encrypted and securely stored in a decentralized manner. This ensures that votes cannot be altered or manipulated, providing a high level of integrity to the voting process. Additionally, the system emphasizes transparent result tallying. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology allows for the public verification of votes, enabling anyone to audit the voting process. This transparency enhances trust among voters, as it provides them with the ability to independently verify the accuracy of the election results. Overall, the proposed online voting system, empowered by blockchain technology, offers a transparent, secure and tamper-resistant solution for conducting elections. By leveraging the benefits of blockchain, such as decentralization and immutability, the system addresses the challenges faced by traditional voting systems and provides a more reliable and trustworthy platform for the democratic process. It has the potential to enhance the integrity of elections, increase voter turnout, and foster trust in the electoral system.

ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM

The project is mainly aimed at providing a secured and user friendly Online Voting System. The problem of voting is still critical in terms of safety and security. This system deals with the design and development of a web based voting system using fingerprint and adhar card in order to provide a high performance with high security to the voting system. The proposed Online Voting System allows the voters to scan their fingerprint, which is then matched with an already saved image within a database that is retrieved from adhar card database of the government. The voting system is managed in a simpler way as all the users must login by adhar card number and click on his/her favorable candidates to cast the vote By using biometric fingerprint it provides enough security which reduces the dummy votes.

Refinement of Voting System through Visual Cryptography and Multi-factor Authentication to Further Mitigate Clone Phishing Attack

Background: The growing concern over phishing attacks on voting systems, particularly with the rise of online voting, has highlighted vulnerabilities in elections. The convenience of internet voting has led to security risks like clone phishing attacks. While online voting offers accessibility benefits, security, privacy, and usability issues have arisen. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) has been proposed to enhance security in mobile internet voting systems. Visual cryptography, dividing images into shares for decentralized data storage, is suggested to counter clone phishing. MFA's effectiveness in various sectors is established, and secure voting systems combining visual cryptography and blockchain have been proposed. This research sought to bolster the security of the voting system using visual cryptography and multi-factor authentication (MFA), with the goal of increasing voter trust and the reliability of the voting procedure, by designing a secure system and evaluating its performance, accuracy, and accessibility.
 Methodology: The researchers developed an improved voting system using visual cryptography and multi-factor authentication, assessed its performance against Eligo and Voxvote, utilized Java for programming, MYSQL via XAMPP for the database, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP (Laravel) for client-server sides. The Scrum agile methodology was followed, employing brief sprints for adaptive development. Evaluation was done through web tools and benchmarks. The system's architecture and flowchart were presented, featuring an interactive GUI, Java 2 platform, MySQL, PHP 7, and specific hardware/software requirements. System setup included database and server configuration, fingerprint scanner installation, and Java runtime setup. Deployment involved executing a built Java program, and system testing was conducted on Windows 10, utilizing the Apache server and initiating the "Electronic Voting" program for online multi-factor authentication.
 Results: Achieving a performance rate of 92%, the developed system surpassed its competitors Eligo and Voxvote, which achieved scores of 15% and 33% correspondingly, as indicated by the data. Eligo and Voxvote attained scores of 88% and 80% individually, whereas the newly designed system obtained a rating of 93% in terms of accessibility. Nonetheless, the research also highlighted specific downsides, encompassing intricacy, reluctance to embrace change, and technological barriers. To tackle these issues and enhance the adoption of such systems, these limitations underscore the necessity for further investigation and advancement.
 Conclusion: The study demonstrates that integrating multi-factor authentication and visual cryptography significantly enhances voting system security, reducing clone phishing risks. Visual cryptography secures decryption keys, preserving voting integrity, while multi-factor authentication adds defence against unauthorized access. The researcher's online voting system outperforms competitors in performance metrics and accessibility. The study underscores the importance of combining these techniques for improved voting system reliability and security.

Performance analysis of cryptography algorithms for implementation of secured cloud based online voting system

Any democratic country intends to conduct the elections in a smooth and fair manner such all the citizens of the country participate and elect their leader who can involve himself/herself for the development of the country. Inspite of wide publicity and measures taken for ensuring the participation of all the citizens in the election process, most of the countries are unable achieve 100% voting rate in elections. Among the many reasons for reduction in voting rate, migration of the voters is one of the major reasons for reduction in voting rate. Even though technology and online services have been used in almost all the aspects of day-to-day activities, online features have not been utilized in the process of voting during elections. This paper tries to analyze the performance of the cloud based secured framework by implementing it using PHP and mySQL. Security of the framework is implemented using rivest shamir adleman (RSA), advanced encryption standard (AES) and Blowfish cryptography algorithms.