Online Education System Research Articles

Covid-19 and online classes: Measuring Indian parents’ attitude towards online classes at kindergarten and junior school level

The study aims to examine the readiness of Indian parents towards online classes at kindergarten and junior school levels, by identifying the perceived barriers, perceived effectiveness and health impact of online classes on young children. The study is based on data collected across a random sample of 750 parents of students studying at junior and kindergarten levels in urban private schools which offer online classes. The data was analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Technological, infrastructural, and personal barriers related to students, and parents, were identified as perceived barriers by parents in availing online classes for their kids. Parents’ attitude towards online classes at kindergarten and primary levels gets negatively influenced by the barriers they face, and the perceived negative impact of technology usage on their kids’ health, while; perceived effectiveness was found to have a positive impact on the parents’ attitude. The study is unique as it includes the interest of such young stakeholders of the education system. The study highlights the barriers faced by parents related to online classes and the health-related concerns which play a major role in the adoption of online mode of education for their kids. Research gives insights to school authorities and the government to work on these barriers and make the online education system effective which is the need of the hour during COVID-19.

Knowledge Management for Information Querying System in Education via the Combination of Rela-Ops Model and Knowledge Graph

E-learning is an online educational system that uses electronic and technology tools and the internet. To facilitate the acquisition of knowledge, students can consult materials and interact directly with lecturers via e-learning educational systems. The method for developing an intelligent querying system for e-learning is suggested in this research. The knowledge base of the system is structured using the knowledge model combining an ontology and the two-layer knowledge graph, called Rela-KG model. The searching problems for knowledge content are studied and solved. The technique is applied to create an intelligent querying system on the course of Database Foundation in Information Technology (IT) at the university. This technique attempts to assist students in reviewing lectures and better comprehending course material through independent study. The experimental results indicate that it would be anticipated to support student access to online learning resources.

Ergonomic Factors Affecting the Learning Motivation and Academic Attention of SHS Students in Distance Learning

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has experienced a shift in education, forcing students to transition from traditional face-to-face classes to distance learning. Students found these adjustments challenging, thus affecting their academic performance. In order to address this issue, this study sought to identify the factors affecting students’ learning motivation and academic attention in distance learning using a novel framework of ergonomic domains. Using purposive sampling, 311 senior high school students who took part in online learning at selected schools in NCR Plus answered an online survey. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to investigate and assess the physical, cognitive, and macro-ergonomic factors influencing their learning motivation and academic attention. The study’s results revealed that cognitive and macro-ergonomic factors significantly influence students’ learning motivation, affecting students’ academic attention, while the physical ergonomic factors were found to be insignificant. The findings and analysis imply that academic professionals should be aware of and apply physical, cognitive, and macro-ergonomic concepts to positively influence students’ learning in an online setup. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation should be the main driving force behind learning because it is more successful and beneficial in the long term. The study concludes that as online learning has become more prevalent than ever, it is imperative that ergonomic factors are considered to establish an effective online education system and improve students’ learning motivation and academic attention in distance learning.

BCRNet: Bidirectional contrastive representation network for deep multimodal learning of exercise representations in online education systems

In online education systems, learning exercise representation is a fundamental task in many applications, such as exercise retrieval and recommendation. To capture the heterogeneous data information of exercises (i.e., texts and images), deep multimodal approaches show the promising performance. However, these methods have two limitations: (1) they only care about context on one side, which fails to utilize the future context chunks in the exercises; (2) they cannot ensure the presentation ability due to the scarcity of labelled data. In this paper, we propose a bidirectional contrastive representation network (BCRNet) to tackle these issues. First, we construct a representation module with a masking constraint loss to take into account the bidirectional context contents of exercises. Second, we design a contrastive learning approach which uses a multimodal contrastive loss to reshape the multimodal representation space and improve model presentation ability without labelled data. Moreover, a text-image matching strategy is designed to provide semantic links between texts and images. On the real-world dataset, experiments demonstrate BCRNet performs significantly better than many strong baselines.

Post Pandemic Readjustment to Traditional Education System: Analyzing Difficulties of University Students and Recommendations

The recent outburst of COVID-19 has utterly revolutionized the world in every sector of life, be it health, economy, tourism, employment or education. Internet revolution, for the first time, with such pace and potential played the most important role amidst crises. Though, work from home and virtual education system have been existing long before the outburst of COVID-19, however, the rampant and widespread use of internet appeared as a result of global pandemic which mandated social isolation as the most important COVID combating measure. It was the December of 2019, when COVID-19 outburst in the Chinese district of Wuhan and then started spreading to other countries. Along with many other measures to combat the situation, virtual education system was introduced at every level of education; PG, primary, secondary, higher secondary, graduation and post-graduation level. Once, the global expedition for vaccination is launched successfully, and many people got vaccinated as well, and the danger of COVID-19 shattered to an extent, different institutions started to normalize their systems to the pre-COVID-19 era. Readjustment to the traditional education system from virtual/ online education system was also commenced. When the online or virtual education system was launched, it wasn’t adapted without hardships, like learning to use virtual education tools to the problem of the affordability of these tools and access to internet. However, once the whole education system switched to the virtual class system, a call back to the traditional education system came, since the hovering threat of COVID spread was shedding away. To this, the reaction was observed. Many of the students wanted to continue their education with the online/virtual system, for which, they present many reasons. This research paper targets the population of the university students and aims at exploring the difficulties the university students are facing in readjustment to the traditional education system. Also, some recommendations are given to ease the issue of readjustment to the traditional education system keeping in view the targets of educational institutes.

A Recommendation System of Personalized Resource Reliability for Online Teaching System under Large-scale User Access

A Recommendation System of Personalized Resource Reliability for Online Teaching System under Large-scale User Access

THE METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA ON THE INTERACTION OF THE STUDENT WITH THE E-LEARNING SYSTEM

In the context of digitalization of education, the learning system is being improved and learning management systems (LMS) for mixed and distance learning are being introduced into the learning process. An integral part of any online education system is an electronic information and educational environment. Modern e-learning systems do not provide students with adaptive content, but work on the principle of “the same material for everyone”. The collection and analysis of data on user interaction in the electronic information and educational environment is attracting more and more attention as a promising approach to promoting a modern understanding of the learning process, and also contributes to understanding student’s behavior. The need to collect data on student’s interaction is motivated by the emergence of many educational analysts, who seek to use data analysis to support decisions made at each level of education. The collection and analysis of available data on the participation rate in the elements of the course of students, their activity contribute to the understanding and optimization of learning, as well as the assessment of the educational environment, where learning takes place. The paper considers one of the ways to collect data on the student's work in the system by developing and implementing a plugin in LMS Moodle. The developed plugin successfully collects statistics on the interaction of students in the e-education system with the EIOS system.This statistics can be used for further analysis. To test the developed plugin, different versions of LMS Moodle were installed. As a result of testing the plugin, it was revealed that the application functions with earlier versions of Moodle, but has a relatively lower speed compared to the versions above.

Streamlining Exam Proctoring Process Using Python

Abstract: COVID-19 has brought about drastic change in education systems around the world. Many schools, colleges and universities have chosen online education to complement their courses. For this reason, students have moved to a world of technology where they are motivated to read, practice, and perform in online mode. Students should also be analysed using only online platforms. Therefore, online exams are an integral part of this online education system. But here, students are not supervised by humans, leading to cheating and negligence in exams. Since the exam will be online, an online supervision system is required where candidates can be supervised during the exam without the direct presence of the proctor. In this project, we found a solution to this problem, thus maintaining the academic integrity of the exams. So, the idea included creating a remote monitoring system where students could be monitored via webcam and microphone, which could identify any instances of misconduct in the online examination.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development of English translation online teaching system and service function improvement based on image segmentation algorithm

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development of English translation online teaching system and service function improvement based on image segmentation algorithm

Effect of scapular strengthening exercises on rounded shoulder and neck disability among college students of Delhi NCR

Abstract As a result of COVID-19 illness epidemic, a worldwide health emergency has been proclaimed. The educational sector, whose old systems have been replaced by online educational systems, was particularly impacted by the state of lockdown. Prolonged and frequent sitting in front of monitors, which, by maintaining the same posture for an extended period of time, causes cumulative trauma disorder. The purpose was to evaluate effect of four-week scapular strengthening exercises on neck disability and scapular position in subjects with rounded shoulders. In this experimental study, 30 college students between ages of 18 and 22 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups, the Experimental group and the Control group, each having 15 participants. The experimental group received scapular strengthening exercises along with conventional treatment whereas the control group received conventional treatment only. Over the course of four weeks, both groups received training sessions three times a week. The neck impairment and scapular position were assessed before and after intervention. Both groups had made considerable improvements, although the experimental group experienced less pain and had a better scapular posture than the control group. Results demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group statistically in terms of improvement in neck disability and rounded shoulder posture.

5G Network-Aided Online Music Learning and Teaching System

5G Network-Aided Online Music Learning and Teaching System

The Perspectives of Indian University Students Regarding Disruptive Technologies: An Empirical Study

The rate of technological disruption is at an all-time high at present. The last two years are considered to be among the most destructive in the past fifty years. The entire world experienced difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. The proliferation of viruses has had a tremendous impact on people’s personal and professional lives. None of the business operations were unaffected. The definitions of companies have shifted. Business strategies have shifted paradigmatically. Every business sector must rethink their approach, including the education sector. The education sector is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing industries. Prior to COVID, the domain of online education was expanding at a moderate rate, whereas the online education system has expanded dramatically. Students and teachers had to deal with technology in ways they had never dealt with before. Users and developers were both spending significantly more time with technology. This intensive exposure to technology has affected the lives of both students and educators in some way. Through this study, we seek to comprehend the viewpoints of students regarding their exposure to disruptive technology. Since education in all subjects may be easily offered through technological models, students from several domains are identified for analysis. In this study, how students perceive disruptive technology is discussed. For this objective, a data collection instrument in the form of an e-questionnaire is constructed and distributed to the selected respondents. The data was collected for 129 students at the top-ranked NIRF institutions. As needed, the data is evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches.

ANALYZING DIGITAL DIVIDE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF PAKISTAN

An emergency shift to online education after Covid-19 brought many challenges for students and teachers, especially the university students living in the rural areas of Pakistan. So this study has focused on assessing the problems students faced while acquiring online education with special reference to the theoretical background of digital divide. It is a quantitative study which employed Heckman’s treatment effect model to analyze the impact of digital divide on university students’ performance. The results of the study indicate that online education further increases an already existing digital divide between have and have nots. Online education is a good alternate of face-to-face education in many cases however for ensuring maximum benefits of online education requires proper availability of gadgets and internet access along with training. Existing online education system in developing countries like Pakistan may be more suitable to teach theoretical subjects like social sciences which are subjective in nature however it is not much appropriate for teaching numerical subjects. The findings of the study direct a positive impact of digital divide due to the scarcity of necessary gadgets, internet access, family income, gender, field of study, age and location.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Market Perspectives for Management Undergraduates: New Models of Employability Capital Development

Introduction. COVID-19 is a worldwide epidemic that impacts all aspects of human life. Social distancing was an essential action to prevent from COVID-19 virus. For this reason, collective activities were prohibited in many countries including Sri Lanka. Education is one of the main collective activities in the world. As such, it is relevant to test the influence of COVID-19 on graduate employability skills. However, it is difficult to find COVID 19 impact on graduate employability skills in the Sri Lankan context.
 Aim and tasks. The main objective of this paper was to identify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the graduate employability capital of state universities’ management undergraduates in Sri Lanka and the significant level of that factor.
 Results. Based on the literature review, the COVID-19 pandemic affected five factors human capital, identity capital, cultural capital, social capital, and psychological capital identified as graduate employability capital factors or not. The methods of the study were to use the analysis of quantitative data. To achieve this goal, an online survey of 377 university students was conducted. The obtained selective results in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic showed significant positive shifts in the employment processes of university graduates. This positive impact, according to the results of the regression analysis, was provided by the following types of capital: social, human, psychological, cultural, and identity, the values of which ranged from 91.4 percent to 95.8 percent. Among all types of capital, human and psychological capital had the most significant impact on student mobility.
 Conclusions. The conducted studies show the importance of the online educational system in the universities of Sri Lanka. The use of available resources can significantly improve the existing infrastructure of online education and help increase the level of competence and professionalism of the teaching staff and university students. The introduction of the proposed online educational programs and courses will not only improve the quality of services provided but will also increase the revenue side of the university budget.

Technological Impact of Online and Offline Teaching in Indian Context

India really does have the most youthful population on the planet, with an average age of just over 30 years, while also being the second most populous country in the world after China. The year 2020 commenced in India with high aspirations and potential, however, to stop the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic, the nation quickly went into lockdown. The education industry, which was severely impacted from primary to higher streams in school, colleges, and universities, is the most afflicted at this pivotal moment. Digital alternatives were simplified to cover the curriculum, and cell phones and other electronic devices that were officially forbidden in schools ended up being the sole supporting technology during the lockdown. One study was done with a focus on students, teaching staff, and parents of school-age children in order to examine the consequences of students' and teachers' abrupt adoption of online learning. The poll had 301 responses in all, and the outcomes were valid and optimistic. With the development of technology, the significance of online education as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both modes of education were amplified. The findings highlighted the shortcomings of the online education system as well as certain advantages of traditional or classroom instruction. Before introducing online education on a large scale in India, a developing nation, the government must first provide the essential facilities. The bedrock of how people survive and flourish is learning. People are educated to help them become contributing members of society through both online and offline learning. No learning method can be guaranteed to be 100 percent successful. As depending on just one of the aforementioned modes can never be particularly effective, it must be a combination of both, the best among these two core systems must be taken and combined.

Impact of Covid-19 on Higher Education: Challenges and Responses as Perceived by Students: The Puntland-Somalia Context

The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on higher education: challenges and responses in Puntland-Somalia. This study was conducted through analytical survey design by using both quantitative and qualitative research methods with two parts: A which consists of a questionnaire for collecting data from selected student respondents. The study utilised a convenience sampling method to select respondents. The study utilised frequencies and percentages; tables were used in the presentation of data. In addition to that, data collection was analysed using themes and explanations while comparing the findings with the literature review part of the study. Findings reveal that universities worldwide are moving more and more towards online learning. Findings also reveal that apart from resources, staff readiness, student accessibility, and motivation play an important function in ICT-integrated learning. The inquiry has exposed the consequences of a new change in the scope of the teaching and learning environments of different universities in Puntland-Somalia. This is related to the perception of students to adapt to online education systems introduced by these Universities, as they both have access to the internet and technical resources. This sort of mindset and the current situation has greatly accelerated the digitalisation of the means of education. Likewise, related institutions as such are also showing their readiness to adapt to this teaching-learning methodology and contribute to the human resource development objectives of a country. This study suggests a number of recommendations; first, it is to organise training courses in online education methods for lecturers; the university’s management should provide constant monitoring of the satisfaction of students and lecturers of the online education organisation for the accumulation of statistical data in the dynamics

Integrated Social Cognitive Theory with Learning Input Factors: The Effects of Problem-Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills on Learning Performance Sustainability

E-learning is expected to become a common teaching and learning approach in educational institutions in the near future; thus, the success of e-learning initiatives must be ensured in order to make this a sustainable mode of learning. In order to improve students’ learning performance through the use of e-learning in Saudi Arabia’s higher education, it was the objective of this paper to examine the relationships between social cognitive theory and learning input factors and the reflective thinking and inquiry learning style as well as the indirect effects of student problem-solving and critical thinking skills. As a result, this study thoroughly assessed the social cognitive theory that is currently in use, along with learning input components and situational factors that should be carefully taken into account while introducing an online education system into Saudi Arabia’s top universities as a way of ensuring learning sustainability. As a result, 294 university students completed a questionnaire that served as the initial dataset for the research study, and the proposed conceptual model was comprehensively assessed using SEM. The research results demonstrated that the inquiry style of learning and reflective thinking have always had a significant impact on the social involvement, human engagement, social power, social identity, and social support. Similar findings were obtained regarding the impact of problem-solving and critical thinking skills on the inquiry-based learning approach and reflective thinking. Thus, students’ ability to learn in Saudi Arabia’s higher education is greatly influenced by their ability to solve problems and think critically. Therefore, it is almost certain that this research study will aid university policy makers in their decision on whether to fully deploy an online learning system as a way of ensuring learning sustainability at educational institutions throughout Saudi Arabia.

ANATOMY LEARNING MADE EASY IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ONLINE MEDICAL TEACHING SYSTEM AMONG THE 1ST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS – SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Many teaching institutes adopted the online teaching system during COVID-19 pandemic. The Department of Anatomy Armed Forces Medical College had also shifted to online platform for teaching anatomy in a better way.This study was undertaking with an aim to get the student`s perspective about the efficacy of online teaching system for learning anatomy and to explore and rectify the lacunae and address the challenges faced by students and teachers. Methodology: a total of 300 students were enrolled, 150 each from 1st year MBBS of batches 2019 and 2020 Results: Findings suggested that student's perception towards online learning was better than offline learning. However, the major challenges were problems in internet connection, practical anatomy, having to learn more points related to the topic in a short allocated time and difficulties in logging onto the online platforms.The reliability of internet connection was a major factor affecting their study of anatomy and selecting learning resources.Social media platforms especially WhatsApp were helpful in assisting students in their study and communication between themselves and their teachers, may be because of lesser use of bandwidth. However, assessments and practical demonstrations in anatomy were not same as during offline teaching mode.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic was disruptive to medical education. Poor Internet connection was the major bug bear faced by the students, while the social media platforms especially WhatsApp was a helpful tool in study and communication. Students urged improvement in the modes of practical teaching of anatomy and assessment.

Sustainable and efficient E-learning internet of things system through blockchain technology

E-Learning Education systems are gaining attention day-to-day because of their inclusive pertinence in the distance education system. Due to COVID-19, the online learning education system has become very popular. Most probably, all education systems have been using the IoT-based E-Learning system to continue the students’ education without hindrance during the COVID lockdown. Several E-Learning IoT schemes are explored that reflect privacy and security, but still, there is no detailed scheme; hence, it needs a sustainable, secure E-Learning IoT system. The characteristics and prospects of the Internet of Things are discussed in this article. By analyzing the various functions and capabilities of the Internet of Things, this article aims to provide an overview of the various advantages and challenges of using the platform for e-learning. This paper proposed the E-Learning IoT architecture with Blockchain technology, with layers of different IoT and Blockchain concepts to secure the online education system. Also, the block diagram of the proposed architecture demonstrates how students can securely access or interact with the online learning system through Blockchain technology. By implementing the proposed e-learning IoT architecture, universities and colleges can improve their distance learning programs and increase efficiency without affecting their academic activities. Finally, the study found that e-learning positively impacts students' learning experience and overall quality of education. It also exhibited a significant positive impact on their flexibility and academic productivity.

Perceptions and Expectations of Academic Staff in Bucharest towards the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Dental Education.

Dental education was severely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. The evaluation of the viewpoint of the dental teachers of the Faculty of Dentistry at "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, Romania, on these exceptional circumstances' consequences was the objective of this paper. A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022, on the academic staff who reported their perceptions of the emotional and educational impact of the pandemic by completing a Google Forms questionnaire. Although a significant emotional impact of the pandemic was reported by over a third of the participants (31.2%), most of them being teachers of fifth-year dental students (p = 0.019), the perceived stress had an impact on the teaching performance in few of them (14%), the quality of sleep remaining unaffected in most of them (53.7%), whereas the level of anxiety was low (57%). An educational impact regarding the techno difficulties during the online transition was mentioned by few respondents (16.1%), with male teaching staff facing the fewest problems (p = 0.024), as well as low levels of difficulties in transmitting academic information (11.9), with men also being the most unaffected (p = 0.006). More than half of the participants (59.1%) rather see digital and/or virtual education during the pandemic as having adverse effects on the educational system, the most sceptical being teachers of the fifth (p = 0.001) and sixth years (p = 0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic affected the academic staff of the Faculty of Dentistry at "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, Romania, not only at a personal level but also at a professional, pedagogical one, due to the introduction of the online teaching system followed by the hybrid one. Age group, gender, and teaching year differentiated the degree of emotional and educational impairment.