Science Online Research Articles

Learning to evaluate sources of science (mis)information on the internet: Assessing students' scientific online reasoning

Learning to evaluate sources of science (mis)information on the internet: Assessing students' scientific online reasoning

Story-ing AI – mini-narrative patterns of contemporary online science journalism

Story-ing AI – mini-narrative patterns of contemporary online science journalism

Multicultural online science resources: exploring preservice teachers’ perspectives

PurposeCurriculum supplementation by teachers is an agelong tradition, and the widespread use of the internet has increased the use of online resources in the classroom. This paper aims to explore preservice teachers’ views on multicultural science resources and make a case for the representation of the changing demographics of the American classroom in online resource development.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative interpretive approach, this study explored the perceptions of preservice teachers on their access to and use of online science resources through the conceptual lens of the pedagogical design capacity framework (Brown, 2009) and the first two principles of critical and cultural approaches to ambitious science teaching (C2AST) (Thompson et al., 2021).FindingsParticipants in this study have not accessed culturally relevant online science resources. They adapt the resources to meet the demographic needs of their class.Practical implicationsThis study aims to support the need for content creators of online educational repositories to develop multicultural science resources.Originality/valueThis work not only gives a background to why preservice early childhood science teachers could not access multicultural online resources, but it also makes a case for integrating skills needed for teachers to create culturally relevant resources into teacher training programs.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of complications associated with crushed cartilage in rhinoplasty

BackgroundCrushed cartilage grafts improve augmentation and contour irregularities in rhinoplasty; however, they are associated with complications including resorption, asymmetries, palpability, and need for revisionary surgery. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines was performed of all recorded history to November 2022 using the search query ("crush" or "crushed") AND cartilage AND rhinoplasty for the PubMed, World of Science, Embase, and Cochrane online registries. Data was collected on study information, patient demographics, surgical details and outcomes. Graft resorption and revision surgery were pooled in a random-effects model, and a subgroup analysis for different coverage of the cartilage and degree of crushing. ResultsThe initial search yielded 163 results with 11 studies included in final full text review. A total of 1,132 patients were analyzed with 456 (40.3%) females, mean age 48.0, and average follow-up of 24.9 months. Cartilage resorption rates were statistically higher in graft preparation with severe crushing (3.4%) compared to non-severe crushed (0.9%) (p=0.049). There was no significant difference in resorption rate for patients with covered cartilage graft (1.3%) compared to non-covered grafts (1.8%) (p=0.7). There were significantly more revision surgeries for severely crushed (17.9%) compared to non-severely crushed cartilage (3.5%) (p=0.003). ConclusionsSevere crushed cartilage grafting provides smooth contour and less palpability compared to other degrees of crushing but demonstrates significantly higher rate of resorption.

Build it and they will come: responses to the provision of online science of language and reading professional learning

ABSTRACT Coverage of reading and reading instruction in initial teacher education is highly contested, with the “reading wars” representing decades of debate concerning approaches that should be promoted to teachers-in-training. Empirical evidence strongly endorses explicit and systematic teaching of code-based skills as a starting point, together with strong coverage of vocabulary, syntax, fluency, comprehension, and background knowledge. However, most faculties of education in Australia and other English-speaking industrialised nations have persisted in promoting “balanced literacy” and postmodern constructs, such as “multiple literacies”. We describe the development, delivery, and evaluation of three online short-course programmes for primary and secondary teachers on the science of language and reading and report on feedback from a sample of 945 participants. Quantitative and qualitative data show that participants (the largest subgroup being teachers) attach a high value to this knowledge and its practical applications. Implications for initial teacher education, education policy-makers, and school leaders are considered.

ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЄКТ «ЦІКАВА НАУКА ОНЛАЙН» ЯК ШЛЯХ КОМПЕНСАЦІЇОСВІТНІХ ВТРАТ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the experience of implementing educational projects in the conditions of the transformation of education in Ukraine, which was caused by the war. Research conducted by the State Education Quality Service of Ukraine showed that compensation for the loss of study time most often occurs through providing students with educational materials and tasks for independent study. Group and individual consultations, additional training classes are held less frequently. The study notes that it is too difficult to assess how often these measures are implemented, given that most teachers complain of a lack of conditions and opportunities. Research conducted by us in the Ukrainian educational hubs of JRS Romania in Bucharest confirmed the feasibility of creating educational hubs as an effective form of non-formal education aimed at overcoming educational losses caused by martial law. The results of research and the search for possible ways to reduce the level of educational losses determined the need to introduce new forms of educational activity and more appropriate forms of pedagogical education. In the context of the mentioned problems, the training of natural science teachers in higher education institutions should correspond to the realities of life, the social order and be oriented towards the organization of the educational process online. The implementation of educational projects conducted online based on the STEM-oriented approach, as the experience described in the article has shown, is one of the possible ways to overcome existing educational challenges and ensures that the training of future teachers meets the modern demands of the market of educational services. An example of the implementation of the above ideas is the "Interesting Science Online" project. The idea of the project is to combine the efforts of forms, methods and technologies of formal and informal education to compensate for educational losses in emergency situations. The project's online studios were developed by us depending on the value orientations and preferences of the project participants. The studios of scientific rap, scientific TikTok, the studio "Know How" and "Battle of the Worlds" are actively working in the project. All online studios work under the leadership of students - masters of interesting science. Educational products created in the studios are presented during the work of the studios and in social networks on the project pages. The article presents an innovative form of pedagogical education, online university studios, which improve the quality of training future teachers to carry out educational activities online and demonstrate the possibilities of compensating for educational losses in wartime conditions.

Exploring the Relationship between Digital Literacy Skills and Student Success in Online Science Courses in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Recent research on digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia indicates a strong link between proficient digital skills and academic achievement. Students who demonstrate competence in areas like information literacy and online collaboration tend to perform better and show higher levels of engagement in their courses. This highlights the significant impact of digital literacy on enhancing learning outcomes and fostering self-directed learning among Indonesian students in online science education. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theoretical framework, technology acceptance model (tam) & community of inquiry framework may be used to anchor future studies on the exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia. Institutions should integrate digital literacy training into science curricula from early educational stages to higher education. Advocate for the development and adoption of national or institutional standards for digital literacy in education.

Investigating the Role of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Online Bachelor’s Degree Completion Rates in Ghana

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Recent research on digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia indicates a strong link between proficient digital skills and academic achievement. Students who demonstrate competence in areas like information literacy and online collaboration tend to perform better and show higher levels of engagement in their courses. This highlights the significant impact of digital literacy on enhancing learning outcomes and fostering self-directed learning among Indonesian students in online science education. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, control-value theory of achievement emotions & cognitive load theory may be used to anchor future studies on the exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and student success in online science courses in Indonesia. Educational institutions should integrate explicit SRL instruction into online curriculum design. Policymakers should develop guidelines and standards that promote the integration of SRL strategies into online education policies.

Assessment of moth diversity in the Zealandia ecosanctuary through a community science initiative

ABSTRACT A collaborative project involving researchers and citizen scientists was conducted in the Zealandia ecosanctuary (Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand) during 2019–2022 to investigate Lepidoptera biodiversity. Here we present the first results of that project, reporting on the success of the citizen science approach and presenting a checklist of moth species in Zealandia. Sampling efforts took place roughly monthly during the night, and relied heavily on the participation of keen volunteers. Moths were primarily attracted using a mercury vapour light trap, but sweep-netting was also applied. On each trip, a selection of representative specimens was collected, humanely euthanised, prepared, photographed, and deposited as voucher specimens in the entomological collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Photos were uploaded to the community science online platform iNaturalist, where experts could help in identifying the species. We report a total of 262 species in Zealandia, belonging to 29 families; of those species, 22 are exotic. Notably, 217 species were found via our sampling, and the remaining 45 were recorded by citizen scientists and posted on iNaturalist. While this is likely an underestimate of the true species count in Zealandia, we consider the project a successful citizen science initiative that has generated valuable data, a fine collection of voucher specimens for the future, considerable public engagement, and positive media attention.

Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on intention to screen for cervical cancer and predictors among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia

IntroductionThe incidence and fatality rates associated with cervical cancer are continuously decreased by cervical cancer screening. However, in underdeveloped nations such as Ethiopia, very few women have undergone cervical cancer...

Adapting the 5E Inquiry-based Model in Online Science Teaching

The preoccupation with equipping science learning among students has engendered educators to explore various approaches and strategies in the online setup. A plethora of studies promoted the use of the 5E inquiry-based approach to augment science learning. Yet, a dearth of studies employing this approach is observed especially in the New Normal setup, hence, the conduct of the study. The study ventured into how senior high school teachers’ and students’ experiences and strategies can serve as inputs to the implementation and development of the 5E inquiry-based instruction model in online science teaching following a case-study design. The participants of the study were purposively sampled. Qualitative data were generated from the answers of the teachers to open-ended questions and thematically analyzed. A focused group discussion with students was conducted to triangulate the data. Data revealed a recalibration of the model wherein the “Evaluate” phase is an integrative phase of all phases and teachers exemplify an iterative process of “Explain” and “Elaborate” phases in the online setup. The researchers recommend the development and validation of lesson exemplars for biology, physics, and chemistry capitalizing on the adapted teaching model.

‘It's really hard to be a jerk when you’re sitting on someone's couch’: preferences for discussing science and religion online versus offline

ABSTRACT Science and religion are important topics that people have opportunities to discuss in both online and offline contexts. Why do people prefer one communication mode over the other? Analyzing interviews with 45 adults from across the United States, we look at why people prefer communicating online versus offline about science and religion. Findings show that characteristics unique to either mode of communication (asynchronous communication, detachment, visual and social cues) are key factors in shaping people's preferences. We highlight principal differences in how these factors appear across science and religion. We also find that some people's preference toward online or offline communication depends on the context, such as the focus of the discussion or the relationship with the interlocutor. Understanding people's reasons for choosing to communicate about science and religion online versus offline can support related communities in creating more effective discussion options in the future.

Analysis of Factors Causing Low-Cost Carrier Airlines' Customer Satisfaction at Soekarno Hatta Airport

The scientific literature review article entitled Analysis of Factors Causing Customer Satisfaction of Low-cost Carrier Airlines at Soekarno Hatta Airport is in the domain of marketing management science. The purpose of this article is to formulate a hypothesis regarding the interrelationship of various aspects, which will then be used as a basis for further research in the field of human resource management. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research methodology. The data used in this research comes from previous research which is still relevant to this research. Information is collected from leading scientific online platforms, such as Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, digital reference books, and the journal Sprott. The results obtained from this research are presented as follows: 1) Punctuality of flight times influences customer satisfaction of low-cost carrier airlines at Soekarno Hatta Airport; 2) The service quality of low-cost carrier airlines influences customer satisfaction of low-cost carrier airlines at Soekarno Hatta Airport; and 3) Aviation safety standards influence customer satisfaction of low-cost carrier airlines at Soekarno Hatta Airport.

Epidemiology of norovirus infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is responsible for most cases of gastroenteritis worldwide, but information about the prevalence and diversity of HuNoV infections in lower-income settings is lacking. In order to provide more information about the burden and distribution of norovirus in Nigeria, we systematically reviewed original published research articles on the prevalence of HuNoV in Nigeria by accessing databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online (AJOL). The protocol for the review was registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022308857). Thirteen relevant articles were included in the review, and 10 of them were used for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HuNoV-associated gastroenteritis among children below 5 years of age in Nigeria, determined using the random-effects model, was 10.9% (95% CI, 6.7-16.7%). Among children below the age of 5 presenting with HuNoV infections, the highest prevalence was in children ≤2 years old (n = 127, 83%). The prevalence of HuNoV infections was seen to decrease with increasing age. In addition, HuNoV was detected in asymptomatic food handlers, bats, and seafoods. A total of 85 sequences of HuNoV isolates from Nigeria have been determined, and based on those sequences, the most prevalent norovirus genogroup was GII (84%). Genotypes GII.4 and GI.3 were the most frequently identified genotypes, with GII.4 constituting 46% of all of the HuNoVs identified in Nigeria. These results suggest a risk associated with cocirculation of emerging variants with known genotypes because of their recombination potential. Larger molecular epidemiological studies are still needed to fully understand the extent and pattern of circulation of HuNoVs in Nigeria.

Who Are the Science Audiences? A Typology Study on Digital Scientific Audiences: Persona, Performance, and Public

This study uses a quantitative research approach to investigate public engagement regarding online science communication from the perspectives of digital scientific story audiences ( n = 240). It explores their frequency of engagement, preferred aspects of scientific news and communication channels, and their community regarding scientific literacy, together with their willingness to engage online. It attempts to provide theoretical explanations of the similarities and differences among science audiences’ behaviors and explore the role of the community in influencing public engagement with online science. The data suggest the emergence of four audience types; this diversity of audience types gives a more comprehensive understanding of the public’s social needs and preferences with science.

온라인 과학 교수학습에 대한 초등 예비교사들의 자기효능감 탐색

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-efficacy of elementary pre-service teachers regarding online science instruction. Methods: A survey was conducted with 89 elementary pre-service teachers enrolled at Education University A, located in a non-metropolitan area. Among them, 3 participants agreed to additional interviews. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for each item, t-test were performed based on gender and major, and qualitative text (keywords) analysis was conducted for open-ended items. Interviews were conducted to elicit responses for open-ended items and were interpreted inductively through keyword analysis. The survey items were measured on a Likert scale for 8 subcategories, and one open-ended item allowed participants to freely describe their thoughts. Results: The results interpreted that elementary pre-service teachers have relatively low self-efficacy regarding online science instruction. There were no significant differences based on gender, but there were statistically significant differences in some items based on major. Ultimately, this suggests that different approaches may be needed for online science instruction based on pre-service teachers' backgrounds. This study can be interpreted as an indicator of pre-service teachers' perceptions and readiness for online science instruction before entering the school field. Conclusion: It emphasizes the importance of specific instructional methods and strategies for online science instruction and proposes the need for practical education.

When Science Meets Digital Branding

The science media ecosystem continues to dramatically change with the proliferation of digital media channels and platforms. While there are many different types of digital media filling this void, the use of online videos, particularly on YouTube, has become one of the main sources for information, specifically for science and environmental issues. While most researchers examine the content of online science news and information, we show that digital trace data, including hyperlinks, “likes”, and comments that are unique to participatory online media, can reveal interesting patterns about how and why people communicate and engage with content as well as other community members. Using climate change as a case study, we demonstrate how researchers can harness hyperlinks to understand who produces controversial science news and information online, and the motivations underlying how content creators use of hyperlinks for science communication and public engagement. While many existing studies in science communication have focused on understanding the political dimension of online science news and information, our paper reveals that digital branding is a crucial part of science communication on video-based platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. We find that amateur content creators and new media outlets use hyperlinks to promote their channel and other social media presences to raise revenue. While self-promotion through citing links to one’s other social media platforms is associated with more views, linking to revenue raising websites is not associated with more views. We discuss the implications of these contexts for the online science news and information ecosystem.

A new chance for online science communication education and learning through TikTok

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The COVID-19 pandemic practice of social distancing has led to an increased usage of social media, which has highlighted the importance and potency of social media for effective science communication. As a result, it is now just as crucial to educate and acquire the skills necessary to use social media for science communication in an accurate and efficient manner. In response, we created a task that models and develops 21st century science communication abilities using the social media site TikTok. During the COVID-19 outbreak, TikTok, a platform for sharing short videos, had a dramatic rise in popularity. We demonstrated efficient social media science communication strategies by employing the condensed, targeted video format of TikTok to instruct students in fundamental science ideas and lab procedures. Students were then given the task of practicing excellent science communication at the conclusion of the semester by making their own educational and entertaining TikToks about the research projects that their teams had been working on. Here, we provide our methodology, a number of TikTok best practices, and sample videos made throughout the process for science communication education that are both effective and interesting.</span></p>

The Impact of Peri-Implant Diseases on the General Status of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Literature Review.

The aim of this study is to connect peri-implantitis to cardiovascular diseases, following the association found between periodontitis and cardiovascular conditions in recent years. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched up to June 2023, with the exclusion criteria being research written in a language other than English. The MeSH search items were as follows: ["peri-implant health OR peri-implantitis OR peri-implant mucositis OR peri-implant disease"] AND ["cardiovascular diseases"]. Patient/population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O) framework questions were followed to identify the clinical evidence for the systematic review. Only clinical studies that used a control group to compare the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and peri-implantitis were selected. A total of 118 studies were identified through electronic search of the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 76 records to be screened. Upon exclusion of ineligible titles and abstracts, 27 studies remained for evaluation. Finally, 23 studies were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 4 studies to be included in the qualitative analyses. This study found there is a linear association between mucosal/gingival inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness test (c-IMT) values. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation could be a contributor to the vascular disease burden of an individual; further specific clinical studies should be performed in order to demonstrate this connection.

Analysing the influencing factors of on-line studying engagement of preparatory international students: A case study of the science and technology Chinese course

With the rapid development of network technology, cross-regional on-line higher education is becoming one of the mainstream directions of distance education development. The effectiveness of on-line studying is significantly influenced by the level of learning engagement, and research on this topic can help learners by providing them with process-oriented learning support and targeted teaching interventions. Using the example of on-line Science and Technology Chinese Course for preparatory international students at four universities in China, this study collected self-reported data from 463 students using a survey method. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: the on-line studying engagement scale and the factors influencing on-line studying engagement. Descriptive statistical analysis and differential testing were conducted on the data using SPSS software, and the structural validity of the questionnaire was tested using AMOS software. With the assistance of Smart PLS, a model of the influencing factors of on-line studying engagement was constructed to explore the relationship between on-line studying engagement and its influencing factors. The study found that: The overall level of engagement in on line studying for preparatory international students is above average. In demographic factors, apart from gender, all other variables have a significant impact on on-line studying. Student-level factors will have a more significant positive impact on the degree of on-line studying engagement of preparatory international students. Among them, academic self-efficacy, basic psychological needs satisfaction, the difficulty of the on-line course, and completion of the assignment have a significant positive effect. The influence of teacher-level factors on behavioral engagement and emotional engagement is stronger than that of student-level factors. However, the emotional support of teacher-level factors, the on-line environment of environmental-level factors, and the perceived usefulness of technology of teacher-level factors have a certain negative impact on engagement in online studying. According to the research results, this paper puts forward the optimization strategies of accelerating the update frequency of Chinese learning materials, strengthening the input of on-line emotional support, and holding language learning activities with cultural characteristics. This study makes an in-depth analysis of the influencing factors of preparatory international students’ on-line Chinese studying engagement, and puts forward the optimization strategies to improve the quality of on-line studying, to provide theoretical and practical reference for the development of cross-regional on-line higher education.