Online Role Research Articles

Social media and luxury: A systematic literature review

AbstractLuxury, historically an exclusive, rare and elitist phenomenon, is changing. This is predominantly driven by technological developments, particularly social media, and the rising level of consumer empowerment in the marketplace. A maturing stream of research has emerged assessing the effects of social media platforms on luxury brands, offerings and consumers. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of this extant literature synthesizing the current state of knowledge and postulating future research directions. This paper addresses this gap by utilizing a systematic literature review approach. A total of 115 articles were collected and analysed and five core themes were identified, examining (1) luxury brand strategy, (2) luxury brand social media communications, (3) luxury consumer attitudes and perceptions, (4) engagement and (5) social media's influence on brand performance‐related outcomes. These themes are comprehensively explored to understand the myriad impacts of social media on luxury businesses before conceptualizing the themes as a holistic framework explaining social media's role within luxury. The framework developed highlights the fragmented yet progressive nature of research on the confluence of social media and luxury, and signals fruitful avenues for further inquiry. It is proposed that scholarly attention is directed towards multiple lines of inquiry, including social media's role in luxury brand construction online, social media's role in facilitating ‘moments of luxury’, younger consumers’ luxury consumption, as well as the integration of both future innovative technological developments and novel social media platforms within luxury branding.

Identifying Key Variables on the Way to Wellbeing in the Transition from Face-to-Face to Online Higher Education due to COVID-19: Evidence from the Q-Sort Technique

This paper reports perceptions of higher education lecturers who switched from classical face-to-face teaching to online teaching due to the unexpected circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a validated theoretical model about the roles of instructors in online settings, the authors document the perceptions of experienced face-to-face lecturers regarding their performance in online roles and the perceived importance of the formal and informal support they received during the process of adapting to a sudden online context. The study was based on the Q-sort methodology. Among other conclusions, our research reveals that the best performance we elicited pertained to the technical role, followed by the managerial role and the support received through informal channels. Worryingly, the worst performance pertained to promoting life skills. This finding is especially alarming considering both the UNESCO humanistic vision of universities as promoters of university community development and wellbeing and SDG 4.7 of Agenda 2030, which states that education should ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development through education on sustainable development and lifestyles. This article is meant to provide guidelines to traditional universities to help them overcome weaknesses and enhance strengths when switching to online learning.

COVID-19 Monitoring Application for Malaysian Armed Forces and National Security Council

The development of geospatial technology plays a significant role in online sharing of geospatial data and virtual updating. The National Security Council (NSC) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) are the two leading agencies responsible for handling Covid-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The government had stringently enforced various schemes and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to prevent the spread of the disease. As a support, the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) through its Geospatial Defence Division (BGSP), has developed a Web Geographical Information System (GIS) application using its Defence Geospatial Information Management (DGIM) platform. A collaboration of geospatial data services has been made among government entities and security agencies in providing the latest information on COVID-19. JUPEM has also developed a Joint Common Operating Picture (JCOP) application for the NSC and Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) to strengthen its efforts to monitor and to avoid spreading the virus any further.

Engaging shoppers through mobile apps: the role of gamification

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of several intrinsic motivations driving consumers' intention to buy using a mobile app, namely: shopping gamification, focussed attention, shopping enjoyment and socialness, through the mediating role of shopping engagement. The online shopping experience is investigated in its dual role as direct driver of the intention to buy using a mobile app and as moderator of the shopping engagement – intention to buy using a mobile app path.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis was performed in China due to the extensive usage of mobile shopping apps amongst the Chinese population. A structural equation model was estimated on 893 valid and complete structured questionnaires collected amongst a sample of Chinese consumers.FindingsFindings confirm that intrinsic motivations (i.e. shopping gamification, focussed attention, shopping enjoyment and socialness) indirectly influence the intention to buy using a mobile app channelled by shopping engagement. Most remarkably, results show that the online shopping experience positively moderates the shopping engagement – intention to buy using a mobile app path.Originality/valueThe novelty of the paper lies in the conceptual and empirical evidence provided on shopping gamification, within the retailing marketing domain. The study investigates other related intrinsic motivations that jointly with shopping gamification directly influence shopping engagement and indirectly impact mobile shopping intention. The paper provides insights into the moderating role of online shopping experience, a key aspect when the challenge concerning gamification is considered.

Narrative Approach to Goals of Care Discussions: Adapting the 3-Act Model Training to an Online Format

ContextThe three-Act Model, a narrative approach to goals of care (GOC) discussions centered on patients’ individual stories, has proven to be effective as measured by objective skill improvement among medical trainees. This study describes the adaptation of the in-person curriculum to a streamlined, online format, in the setting of the Covid19 pandemic. We hypothesized that high levels of skill proficiency and learner satisfaction observed in previous in-person cohorts would be sustained amongst trainees in the online setting. ObjectiveOur primary aim was to assess the skills proficiency of a cohort of internal medicine interns undergoing online training for GOC discussions with the three-Act Model. Our secondary goal was to assess learners’ satisfaction with the prerecorded didactic video and online role plays. MethodsOur team used REDCap for the data collection, and as the user-facing hub for learners to access didactic video content and for submitting surveys. We used Zoom to host synchronous discussions and role-play sessions. Trainers used the previously validated Goals of Care Assessment Tool (GCAT) to objectively rate intern proficiency in two role plays each. ResultsTwenty-one internal medicine interns began the training; 20 completed the training and were assessed using the GCAT. All but one intern who completed the training (19 of 20, 95%) achieved proficiency in leading a GOC discussion as measured objectively using the GCAT. Learner satisfaction was high: 1) 100% of respondents recommended the training to others as a “good” (26.7%) or “outstanding” experience (73.3%); 2) 93.3% were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” using a online, distance-learning format for the prerecorded didactic component; 3) 80% were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” using an online, distance-learning format for the role-play component; and 4) 93.3% were content with the number of role plays. The amount of time dedicated to this training decreased compared to prior years when done in person (six hours) – to four hours and 40 minutes for learners and under four hours for trainers. ConclusionAfter completing the adapted online three-Act Model training, nearly all learners were scored to be proficient in GOC communication skills and reported high satisfaction with the online curriculum. Achieving high quality more efficiently represents genuine educational value. Further, these online teaching results show that the three-Act Model training can be delivered to geographically distanced learners.

Designing and using digital platforms for 21st century learning

This paper is written in response to the original article “Designing for 21st century learning online: A heuristic method to enable educator learning support roles” (Nacu et al. 2018). The article presents a guide for teacher interactions with students in networked technologies. It also serves as a guide for network designers who are concerned about the quality of online learning, and want more equitable access to systems that inspire young people “to pursue their interests and take ownership of their learning” (Nacu et al. 2018, p. 1029). During the Covid-19 pandemic, network platforms assumed a central role in the educational process. The article is a timely reminder of the importance of designing and implementing platforms that will address twenty-first century learning goals. This response to the Nacu et al. article reviews their research from a “theory of change” perspective. The authors in the original article present a heuristic that expands the online roles that educators currently use to support young people in building their knowledge. To realize the full potential of the heuristic, a more holistic approach is required, one that repositions online learning as a knowledge-building environment. A theory of change could identify the critical variables needed to help teachers and designers transition to a more comprehensive understanding of online learning. Unfortunately, heuristics by themselves do not prepare network designers or teachers to do this work. Future research can embed the heuristic in a broader, deeper effort to prepare teachers and designers to enact student-centered online learning environments.

Mediator-moderator, innovation of mobile CRM, e-service convenience, online perceived behav-ioral control and reuse online shopping intention

Stimulating customers’ reuse of online services, such as online shopping, is integral for companies. Consequently, this study assessed the effects of mobile customer relationship management on reuse online intention and the impact of mobile customer relationship management on service convenience. Additionally, the study analyzed the effect of service convenience on reuse online intention, the mediating role of service convenience between mobile customer relationship management and reuse online intention and the moderating role of online perceived behavior control between service convenience and reuse online intention. This study utilized two theories: the technology acceptance model and planned behavior. A total of 249 responses from customers were analyzed with Smart Partial Least Squares. According to the study, mobile customer relationship management positively impacts service convenience and reuse online intention. Additionally, service convenience mediated the connection between mobile customer relationship management and reuse of online intention, and online perceived behavioral control moderated the association between service convenience and reuse online intention. The study focused on consumers’ motivations regarding reuse online services intention. The goal here is to aid organizations in the implementation of service convenience and innovative online strategies and applications that provide services to consumers.

Online Customer Shopping Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Online Perceived Risk

The studies of online purchase intention have been done extensively throughout the world by testing many predictors. Due to the rapid growth of technological advances affecting internet users suggest other new predictors considered as an online purchase intention element. This study suggests customer review, online store image, and perceived online risk (an element of a mediating factor) as three main variables that drive customers to purchase online. A simple convenience sampling method was used to analyse the responses from online users via the online questionnaire web surveys. Multiple regressions and Sobel tests were used in this study to test the hypotheses. The result shows that online customer review and online store image have a positive relationship with the perceived risk online as well as perceived risk itself also has a positive relationship with online purchase intention. Consequently, in terms of mediating factors, perceived risk online is seen as a mediator for both online customer review and online store image with online purchase intention. Having said that, the study hopes that the findings would help boost the online retail industry as a contributor to the country's economic development.

Customer review or influencer endorsement: which one influences purchase intention more?

E-commerce has grown steadily since internet access became more available in the mid-1990s. Informativeness plays a key role in online shopping decisions. Potential customers usually collect useful information and do a comparison before considering the purchase. Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is considered a reliable source of information. Customer reviews and influencer reviews can be considered eWOM. They represent customers’ sharing of experience and evaluation of a product or service with other potential shoppers. There is abundant evidence concerning the influence of eWOM on purchase intention. However, there are few studies on influencer reviews and purchase intention. This study aims to investigate the impact of customer review and influencer review to purchase intention and the mediating role of trust to those relationship. A quantitative experimental study (2 × 1) was conducted. Two hundred respondents from three cities in Greater Jakarta were divided into two groups to self-rate their opinion on customer review, influencer review, trust and purchase intention. Data collected was analysed PLS using SmartPLS. The study results showed that influencer review has a positive impact on purchase intention. On the other hand, customer review failed to show its influence. Trust as a moderating variable was also not validated in this study.

Contextualising video game engagement and addiction in mental health: the mediating roles of coping and social support

IntroductionA challenge in defining Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is discriminating pathological gameplay from an excessive, yet benign, involvement in video games. Although previous research has explored this theoretical distinction in the context of general computing activities, it merits consideration with regards to online gaming. Additionally, whilst comorbidities of addicted gaming and mental health outcomes have been robustly demonstrated, few studies have examined the role of mediating factors that may contextualise this relationship. As such, the present study aims to validate the distinction between addiction and engagement in online gaming, by considering the mediating roles of coping and social online and offline support in mental health. MethodOne hundred and thirty-five participants completed the Computer Engagement/Addiction Questionnaire (CEAS), Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), Brief Approach-Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) and two versions of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). ResultsCorrelational analyses showed a clear distinction between gaming addiction and engagement in the context of all of depression, stress and in particular anxiety (DAS) not found in previous studies. Multiple mediation analysis showed a significant mediating effect of coping, (specifically withdrawal/resignation coping) on the relationship between video game addiction and symptoms of DAS. Offline perceived social support was a significant partial mediator in the relationship between gaming addiction and depression, as compared to any kind of online social support. The results support the distinction of the addiction and engagement concepts in gaming. This study may inform future clinical classifications of IGD, with implications on how pathological gaming is treated.

The role of online advertising on purchase intention of smartphones: mediating effects of flow experience and advertising value

PurposeThe paper aims at identifying the role of online advertising on the purchase intention (PI) of smartphones of Bangladeshi customers. The independent variable (online advertising) has been divided into five dimensional segregations: informativeness (INFO), irritation (IRR), entertainment (ENT), incentives (INC) and credibility (CRD). For increasing the value of investigation to further extent, the authors included two mediators termed as flow experience (FE) and advertising value (ADD).Design/methodology/approachThe study has been conducted on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire received from a valid sample of 281 smartphone users selected on a random basis. SPSS (Version 24) has been used for descriptive statistical analysis, while structural equation modeling technique (utilizing AMOS 24) has been used to test the hypothetical relationships among the variables.FindingsAfter a careful and bias-free statistical analysis, the results indicate that purchase intention is positively and significantly affected by all the independent components INFO, IRR, ENT, INC and CRD. Regarding the mediating effect, FE can partially mediate the relationships between IRR and PI and ENT and PI as both the direct and indirect effects are significant. On the other hand, ADD can partially mediate the relationships between IRR and PI and INC and PI, respectively, since both the direct and indirect effects are significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis empirical study is expected to be beneficial for the academicians in finding some unique dimensional aspects regarding online advertising and purchase intentions.Practical implicationsThe policymakers can formulate some unique online advertising policies with a view to identifying customer psychology and increase sales volume based on the findings.Originality/valueSmartphone market in Bangladesh is growing steadily. This empirical paper has shed some lights on the unique role of online advertising on PI of smartphones of Bangladeshi customer base. Since the market scenario in Bangladesh is somewhat unique than those of Western and Eastern countries, the authors hope that the findings will add numerical theoretical and practical values for further investigation in South Asian markets.

The effect of regulatory focus on customer citizenship behavior in a virtual brand community: The role of online self‐presentation and community identification

AbstractCustomer citizenship behavior (CCB) in virtual brand communities is a topic of increasing importance in marketing management research. This type of behavior plays a critical role in the improvement of enterprises' marketing capabilities. In this study, we draw on regulatory focus theory—along with the perspectives of self‐presentation and regulatory fit in relation to social identity—to construct and test a model that investigates both the main effects of regulatory foci (promotion and prevention) and the indirect effects of online self‐presentation and community identification on CCB. The empirical results based on our online survey between 310 individual members of an well‐known online‐community in China demonstrate: (1) a promotion focus exerts a positive influence on CCB while a prevention focus exerts a negative impact; (2) the desire for online self‐presentation mediates the association between regulatory foci and CCB; and (3) community identification moderates the relationship between regulatory foci and the desire for online self‐presentation, as well as the mediation effect. These results have substantial implications for studying CCB within virtual brand communities.

Engagement with and Participation in Online role play Collaborative Arguments: A Sociocultural Perspective

Digitally mediated role plays indicate potential for collaboration, social exchange of information and knowledge as well as motivation for learning beyond classroom time. These elements are critical for ESL learners’ development of language and argumentative writing practices. The aim of this research project was to investigate how students’ engagement with and participation in online role play collaborative arguments shaped their literacy practices, and influenced their beliefs and thinking regarding particular societal issue. This qualitative research project based on a larger ethnographic case study and tools of action research investigated students’ interactions and experiences before, during and after the online role play. The study involved 20 ESL pre‑service students at one university in Uganda and was conducted in both the real and online spaces. The real space involved face‑to‑face sessions aimed at building students’ confidence in using blogs for online role play. While the online space involved non‑participant observations to gain understanding of the social dynamics of students’ engagement in online role play, and the opportunities for students to engage in literacy practices related to online argumentative compositions. The study findings indicated that engagement in online role play using blog platform provided a rich environment for learners to exercise their creativity, orchestrate multiple ways of meaning‑making and build tactical relations for purposes of collective action. Furthermore, the use of online role play collaborative arguments facilitated a shift from “ascribed” to “achieved” identities where students did not only become aware that they were dealing with issues larger than individual perspectives, associated with school, family, culture and the legal system, but also that there need for them to take part in the civic action.

NGUARD+

Game bots are automated programs that assist cheating users, leading to an imbalance in the game ecosystem and the collapse of user interest. Online games provide immersive gaming experience and attract many loyal fans. However, game bots have proliferated in volume and method, evolving with the real-world detection methods and showing strong diversity, leaving game bot detection efforts extremely difficult. Existing game bot detection techniques mostly rely on handcrafted features or time-series based features instead of fully utilizing player behavior sequences. In this regard, a more reasonable way should be learning user patterns from player behavior sequences when facing the fast-changing nature of game bots. Here we propose a general game bot detection framework for massively multiplayer online role playing games termed NGUARD+ (denoting NetEase Games’ Guard), which captures user patterns in order to identify game bots from player behavior sequences. NGUARD+ mainly employs attention-based methods to automatically differentiate game bots from humans. We provide a combination of supervised and unsupervised methods for game bot detection to detect game bots and new type of game bots even when the labels of game bots are limited. Specifically, we propose the following two variants for attention-based sequence modeling: Attention based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (ABLSTM) and Hierarchical Self-Attention Network (HSAN) as our supervised models. ABLSTM is keen on inducing certain inductive biases which makes learning more reasonable as well as capturing local dependency and global information, while HSAN could handle much longer behavior sequences with less memory and higher computational efficiency. Experiments conducted on a real-world dataset show that NGUARD+ can achieve remarkable performance improvement compared to traditional methods. Moreover, NGUARD+ can reveal outstanding robustness for game bots in mutated patterns and even in completely unseen patterns.

How Passion for Playing World of Warcraft Predicts In-Game Social Capital, Loneliness, and Wellbeing.

Playing digital games can nurture wellbeing by helping players recover from daily stressors, cope with life's challenges, practice emotion regulation, and engage in meaningful social interaction; however, this same leisure activity can also result in problematic gaming (i.e., harmful play at the expense of healthy behaviors), and social isolation that damages wellbeing. Research consistently demonstrates that the value or harm of gaming on wellbeing cannot be determined solely from whether and how much people play, but rather depends on contingent factors related to the player, the game, and the gaming context. In this paper, we aim to model contingent factors that differentiate between beneficial and harmful outcomes within players of the same massively multiplayer online role playing game (MMORPG). We model how passion for gaming—defined as a strong desire to engage in a beloved activity that is enjoyed and valued, in which time and energy is invested, and that ultimately integrates into a person's identity—affects loneliness and wellbeing. We employ the dualistic model that divides passion into harmonious passion (HP)—characterized by a balanced and authentic relationship with the beloved activity, and obsessive passion (OP)—characterized by preoccupation and inflexible persistence toward the loved activity. We sampled 300 frequent World of Warcraft (WoW) players, recruited from online forums, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the effects of their passion for playing WoW on in-game social capital, loneliness, and wellbeing. We demonstrate that HP for playing WoW facilitates in-game social capital (both bridging and bonding), combats loneliness, and increases wellbeing, whereas OP also builds social capital, but these social ties do not combat loneliness, and OP is directly associated with increased loneliness. Further, the positive effect of HP on wellbeing is mediated through an increase in bonding social capital and a resulting decrease in loneliness. Our findings highlight that passion orientation is important for characterizing the relationship between gaming and wellbeing. We contribute to the conversation on combating problematic gaming, while also promoting digital gaming as an appealing leisure activity that provides enjoyment, recovery, and meaningful social interaction for the millions of gamers who benefit from its captivation.

Predicting trust in online advertising with an SEM-artificial neural network approach

Trust has an imperative role in online advertising because the effectiveness of the adverts will be greatly affected when consumers distrust online adverts. Currently, the level of consumers' trust in online advertising remains low. The current study will assess the drivers of trust by integrating the Trust Building Model and the ADTRUST scale. Unlike present literature that utilized linear models, a Structural Equation Modelling-Artificial Neural Network (SEM-ANN) approach was used. This is because consumers’ trust-building is a complex process and linear models will over-simplify the complexity in the decision-making processes. Thus, the outcomes from linear models are inadequate and inaccurate to explicate the mechanism of trust creation in online advertising. Data were gathered from 500 online consumers using a mall intercept technique. The outcomes from the sensitivity analysis show that reliability is the most imperative antecedent of trust followed by website quality, willingness to rely on, reputation, and hours spent. The model predicts 76.14% trust in online advertising. The theoretical implication is the integration of the ADTRUST scale with the Trust Building Model. The methodological implication is the use of the SEM-ANN approach that captured both linear-nonlinear and compensatory-non-compensatory associations. The findings provide some useful practical implications for online advertisers, service providers, and retailers. The study has contributed useful theoretical and practical implications to the online marketing literature.

The Moderating Roles of Online Shopping Experience on the Relationship between E-service Quality and Online Purchase Intention among Customers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

The Moderating Roles of Online Shopping Experience on the Relationship between E-service Quality and Online Purchase Intention among Customers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Dinamika Transportasi Berbasi Online Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

Industry challenges and opportunities 4.0 encourage innovation and creation from all walks of life , o ne of is the growth of Online Based Transportation (TBO). Th e purpose of this research is to more closely observe and examine the extent of the role and impact of Online Based Transportation in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 for the economic development of society in Cirebon. This research method uses a combination of research methods (Mixed Methods). The results of this study indicate that there is a positive influence on car drivers, motorcycle driver partners and merchants in the city of Cirebon. Based on a survey and analysis of the results of the discussion of the existence of online transportation is very influential (impact) on the socio-economic community in the city of Cirebon. The survey results show that 78% of respondents said online transportation had a good (positive) impact. Hypothesis testing show that the existence of online transportation has a significant effect on the socio-economic community in Cirebon.

Contemporary reception of Eddic themes in new media: virtual 'Nordic' identities, case study: Dark Age of Camelot

This article discusses the most recent (twenty-first century) development in reception and adaptation of Nordic mythology (particularly referring to the Prose and Poetic Edda) and the appropriating of Nordic identities (stereotypes) that is taking place in the so-called new media. In the last two decades the reception of Nordic mythology or Nordic 'themes' in different new media like film, comic books, heavy metal music and computer games has exploded. New media are generally considered expressions of 'popular' culture and have therefore not yet received much scholarly attention. However, since those media are growing notably and especially computer games (console and online applications) reach an enormous audience. Scientific interest in them has increased in recent years. Miller mentions the 'sexiness of Vikings in video games, the pretense of Viking-like settings for popular television programs […]' (Miller, 2014, p. 4). The case study is Dark Age of Camelot (DAoC – Mythic Entertainment 2001) which is a MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) that is currently (2015) still available to play online. We will show examples of themes (characters, narratives, objects etc.) deriving from Eddic texts and how they are represented and deployed in the game. Since the representation of 'Nordic' identity is a key feature in the game's construction, it will therefore be addressed as well. The fictional world of DAoC consists of three realms – Albion, Hibernia and Midgard – that are at war with each other. Their (human) inhabitants are respectively based on medieval Anglo-Saxon, Celtic and Norse tribes that differ distinctively in their character traits. Our goal is to elaborate on the representation of identity traits of the fictional 'Norse' races (as defined by the game) that appear in DAoC. We will scrutinize if and how the game uses older or more current concepts of (national) identity. In order to do so, an overview of Scandinavian / Nordic identity constructions that have been popular and / or widespread from antiquity will be presented, via medieval sources to romanticism and nineteenth century nationalism until current discussions of national identity.

Digital Platforms and Antitrust

Digital platforms are at the heart of online economic activity, connecting multi-sided markets of producers and consumers of various goods and services. Their market power, in combination with their privileged ecosystem position, raises concerns that they may engage in anti-competitive practices that reduce innovation and consumer welfare. This paper deals with the role of market competition and regulation in addressing these concerns. Traditional (ex-post) antitrust intervention will be less effective in markets driven by network effects unless it is combined with a proper (ex-ante) regulatory framework. Antitrust tools should focus on value creation and its distribution before focusing on competition. The scope of regulatory intervention should satisfy the following three criteria: i) value creation from operation of the platforms does not decrease due to the policy intervention; in particular, interventions should not reduce network effects; ii) allocative efficiency is based on distributing the value created in a fair way among market participants e.g. use of the Shapley Value. Fair and transparent rules must govern the platform ecosystem; iii) dynamic efficiency and competition ensure that incentives for market misconduct and anticompetitive strategies such as artificial entry barriers are eliminated. Market interventions that target a firm’s market power should ideally retain value creation while also encouraging small firm entry and innovation. Data has a central role in online markets. Value creation is reinforced through a recursive a data capture and data deployment feedback loop which is enabled by machine learning technologies. A regulatory intervention that facilitates data sharing mechanisms, such that data will not only confer value to market leaders but also to their competitors to the benefit of consumers, is crucial for creating more competitive and innovative digital markets.