Online Representation Research Articles

Self-Supervised Representation Distribution Learning for Reliable Data Augmentation in Histopathology WSI Classification.

Multiple instance learning (MIL) based whole slide image (WSI) classification is often carried out on the representations of patches extracted from WSI with a pre-trained patch encoder. The performance of classification relies on both patch-level representation learning and MIL classifier training. Most MIL methods utilize a frozen model pre-trained on ImageNet or a model trained with self-supervised learning on histopathology image dataset to extract patch image representations and then fix these representations in the training of the MIL classifiers for efficiency consideration. However, the invariance of representations cannot meet the diversity requirement for training a robust MIL classifier, which has significantly limited the performance of the WSI classification. In this paper, we propose a Self-Supervised Representation Distribution Learning framework (SSRDL) for patch-level representation learning with an online representation sampling strategy (ORS) for both patch feature extraction and WSI-level data augmentation. The proposed method was evaluated on three datasets under three MIL frameworks. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves the best performance in histopathology image representation learning and data augmentation and outperforms state-of-the-art methods under different WSI classification frameworks. The code is available at https://github.com/lazytkm/SSRDL.

Elements of digital identity

The article reveals the process of identifying an individual as a participant in civil legal affairs in the current digital world. It is agreed that the rapid development of modern digital technologies will require rethinking and updating of legal terminology. The concept of digital identity is relevant and complex for current legal systems in the world. Analysis and adaptation of existing legislation to digital progress is inevitable. Digital identity can be seen in many aspects, focusing on stable forms, such as social and legal. Digital identity is a version of a person’s social identity. Continuous collection of information obtained as a result of an individual’s online activity, which can be manifested in the appearance of a name, publication, comments, etc. It is stated that the legal forms of an individual’s identity in a civil-legal sense in the light of digital law will require expansion. The emphasis is on the classic forms of digital identity, which is persistent identity, constructed identity and captured identity. Stable identity is immutable information. Like a butt, this name is given to the people. The formation of identity, as the development of a specific feature of a digital individual, which is seen as a persistent reality at the beginning stage of digital life, in addition to which person positions himself in the digital world. This process defines individuals to others and to themselves. Fragments of factual identity represent the unique characteristics of an individual and his affiliation to a particular social group. The formation of identity clearly flows into a particular identity, in addition to which the individual presents himself as a discrete unit in the digital world. It is possible through individualization, in addition to some non-differentiation, that the individual does not become unique, but goes through stages, through some differentiated aspects of people’s lives, and thus achieves more inseparable goals. Following the constructed identity makes it possible to understand that it is also possible to change information in this form of identity, such as changing a name when laying a sluice. On the Internet, as a rule, only the constructed identity of an individual is indicated. The remaining form of traceable identity, which is captured identity. There is a need for information that a person needlessly does not disclose to other participants in the digital space. For example, passport data, identification code, etc. These nutritional data will require further analysis and investigation. The historical analysis reveals the multiple stages of the emergence of digital identity, and the value of the new concept of the online representation of an individual for his or her existence in the cyberspace.

Teaching Asian Religions through the Internet—How Online Representations Interact with Dynamics of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and Confessionalism in the Case of Italian Teaching of Catholic Religion

The religions of South and East Asia resist Eurocentric interpretations, such as the so-called World Religion Paradigm. However, they are subjected in various ways to hetero- and auto-orientalist representations that respond to Western ideals and expectations. This article analyzes how Italian Catholic teachers use online representations of East Asian religions in their lessons to teach these traditions. The aim is to shed light on the interplay, facilitated by online environments, between contemporary processes of Eurocentric and Orientalist interpretation and the educational and confessional motivations of confessional religious education teachers. The result of the analysis indicates that these factors concur to reinforce misleading representations, which contradicts the intercultural aims proclaimed by teachers and other Teaching of Catholic Religion stakeholders. Nevertheless, this article also individuates those elements that could be fruitfully framed in an academic study-of-religions perspective and suggests a modality of cooperation between Catholic Religion teachers and scholars of religions.

Events-within-events and the online reproduction of their emotional dimensions: a case study of the Dubai 2020 expo

ABSTRACT Large-scale events are typically described as single, monolithic entities. In this paper, we argue that large-scale events actually comprise multiple sub-events or events-within-events and their online representations. We explore the theoretical implications of this shift in perspective for the study of audiences and event engagement through the lens of communication power theory. We also discuss the practical implications for event management. The paper uses the Expo 2020 Dubai as its case study to illustrate the richness of sub-events within large-scale events and to consider the role of digital communications. The discussion highlights the ways in which physical events' digital twins aim to solicit similar emotional responses by audiences as their physical counterparts. By adding complexity to our understanding of these sorts of events, we argue that large-scale events comprise multiple sub-events, taking place both face-to-face and online, that make large-scale events richer and more multifaceted than they are typically seen to be. Our research shows that event organisers will need to go beyond the creation of virtual event replicas if they want to take full advantage of the affordances of digital communication. The paper concludes by calling for more critical and interdisciplinary research on large-scale events and their online representations.

How do people living with obesity who use obesity services perceive healthcare professionals’ representation of the disease on social media? An interpretative phenomenological analysis

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore how people living with obesity who use obesity services perceive healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) online representation of the disease on social media. By...

The online representation of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and comparison with other public health diseases

The online representation of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and comparison with other public health diseases

Gauging the Google gaze

This study explores the visual representation of Great Yarmouth, a British coastal town caught between the urban and the rural, as seen through the quasi-monopolistic image search engine Google Images. The research examines levels of pluralistic or biased place representations to consider how rankings employed by Google Images algorithms represent Great Yarmouth’s identity. The study adopts a visual culture perspective that recognises the role of images in place making and combines digital methods with an image type analysis to investigate how online representations reflect and create the town’s identities. The data shows that Google Images’ preference for representing Yarmouth as a sunny seaside town indicates that the search engine prioritises marketable assets above its connections with its hinterland, its diversity of people, and the cultural activities it has to offer. This, the authors state, is a place far away from Tuan’s (1979) idea of a place that is given meaning and identity from the perspective of people. Instead, Google Images’ representations of Great Yarmouth are an example of a created form of place making as commodification. The article concludes that the inscribed bias and unbalanced search priority criteria employed by the search engine impact upon the diversity of the semi-peripheral town.

Online Content Analysis Focusing on Local Ingredients and Food Culture: A Study of Selected Food Festival Websites

The rising popularity of food tourism is fueled by a growing interest in destination-specific culinary experiences, with food festivals playing a crucial role in this trend. This article conducts a qualitative online content analysis of European and North American food festival websites to explore how these events promote local ingredients and preserve food culture through communication. The analysis reveals an increasing commitment by these festivals to showcase local food and traditions, supporting local producers and service providers. Additionally, the study categorizes food festivals based on their online representation’s connection to local ingredients and food culture. Its significance lies in contributing to the understanding of communication patterns of local food culture, offering insights to support festival organizers in fostering local economies and communities.

EMPLOYERS' REQUIREMENTS DURING UPDATING THE CONTENT OF DESIGNERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

This research is aimed at determining the competencies expected by stakeholders from graphic designers, based on the method of analyzing job advertisements for graphic designers in Ukraine, taking into account the analysis of similar advertisements in Poland as an additional labor market (200 job advertisements in Ukraine and 100 job advertisements in Poland), to determine ways to update the professional training of graphic designers in the system of higher education. The systematized and processed results of the analysis indicate that the vast majority of employers need a universal specialist with project execution skills for static printed production, as well as developed competencies in the field of digital design to create visual communications for the online representation of companies while preserving visual identity. The results can be used to update curriculums, educational programs, the content of courses, forms, methods of teaching, methods of interaction between teachers and students of the "Graphic Design" specialty.

Internet Representative Offices of Libraries in the Period of Social Shocks in Ukraine: Theme Of Content

The purpose of the article is to highlight the online representation of Ukrainian libraries in the conditions of quarantine restrictions and martial law, to analyze the subject of the presented content. The methodological basis of the article was institutional, systemic, structural-functional and socio-communication approaches. Analysis, cognitive, synthesis, generalization and librarian methods are also applied. The scientific novelty of the study consists in arguing for the adaptation of the functioning of Ukrainian libraries in the conditions of quarantine restrictions and martial law of the library of Ukraine, when they reoriented their work to a remote form and offered online services and electronic products, actively started blogs, pages in social networks and created YouTube channels. Conclusions. On the website, blogs, pages of social networks, in a difficult period of social upheavals, the libraries of Ukraine cover both news of library life, as well as educational, entertainment, information, and local history materials. The bibliographic, factographic, and multimedia products created help to represent the cultural life of communities, creative, literary, and cultural achievements of prominent regions and present the best assets of Ukraine to the world. The epidemic, and then the full-scale war, put Ukrainian libraries in a situation where it is necessary to quickly respond to the urgent needs of society and do it mainly with the help of online services. This is what became for the majority a test of viability and stability, of professionalism and demand. During this time, most of the important and necessary resources were created, blogs, pages were launched in various social networks, YouTube channels were established, and new information technologies and products were actively introduced into library processes. Ukrainian libraries will be in demand and useful only through active development in the digital age. Keywords: libraries of Ukraine, library affair, information society, content, digitization, library website, digitization.

Inequalities in Online Representation: Who Follows Their Own Member of Congress on Twitter?

Members of Congress increasingly rely on social media to communicate with their constituents and other members of the public in real time. However, despite their increased use, little is known about the composition of members' audiences in these online spaces. We address these questions using a panel of Twitter users linked to their congressional district of residence through administrative data. We provide evidence that Twitter users who followed their own representative in the 115th, 116th, and 117th Congresses were generally older and more partisan, and live in wealthier areas of those districts, compared to those who did not. We further find that shared partisanship and shared membership in historically marginalized groups are associated with an increased probability of a constituent following their congressional representative. These results suggest that the efficiency of communication offered by social media reproduces, rather than alters, patterns of political polarization and class inequalities in representation observed offline.

Study on the Online Representation of Chinese Rural Wanghong Based on Space Theory-Taking Kuaishou as an Example

Study on the Online Representation of Chinese Rural Wanghong Based on Space Theory-Taking Kuaishou as an Example

Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine YouTube videos in Arabic have higher view counts in the Middle East and North Africa than their English versions

PurposeThe present study aims to assess the impact of the local language on the view count of patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in an Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in the Middle East and North Africa.MethodsAn observational study on English and Arabic versions of Aspetar’s YouTube channel patient-oriented educational video series was conducted in February 2023, comparing the view count and viewer characteristics. Included videos were posted either simultaneously or in English version first, in both languages, and shared on the same media platforms. Collected data of interest included video title, view count in each language, age and sex of the viewers, location, and traffic source.ResultsEleven videos of the patient-oriented educational video series were included in the present study. Except for one, the view count was significantly higher in the Arabic version of all 11 videos (minimum sevenfold, P = 0.03). Viewers were predominantly males (73.9%) and between 18 and 44 years old (81.1%). Eleven out of 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region [11] were among the viewers’ top 20 countries. Traffic sources included YouTube search (45.9%), YouTube suggested videos (17%), external sources (14.4%), YouTube browse features (8.5%), and YouTube advertising (6%).ConclusionPatient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in Arabic yield higher view counts than their English version in young adult viewers from 11 countries in the Middle East and Africa among the top 20. Content creation on languages with limited online representation could effectively reach the targeted population by breaking language barriers.

“She’s Pretty in Her Pictures but in Real Life She’s Ugly”: School Pupils Negotiating the Blurred Boundaries between Online and Offline Social Contexts

Online social interaction has become integral to contemporary social life, adding new dimensions to how young people learn, interact, and perceive themselves and one another. We present findings from a yearlong ethnographic study within a Scottish state secondary school to explain pupils’ informal social relationships. We particularly investigate how school pupils experience social life inside and outside of school in relation to presenting themselves on social media and consider how they negotiate the overlap between their online (social media) representations and offline (school) encounters with their peers. Our findings evidence that pupils engaged in self-presentation within and across online and offline social contexts, whilst experiencing pressure to ‘keep up appearances’ between the two. The online environment afforded pupils greater control over self-presentation, especially in relation to bodily appearances. Here, pupils had time and tools to construct idealised fronts and to amass online capital. In some circumstances, this capital could have exchange value within offline environments. However, young people were at continual risk of having their carefully constructed identities discredited when in an in-person setting. We explore these issues in relation to pupil health, wellbeing, and learning, and we consider how educators may respond.

Social Utilitarianism in Digital Interactions and Distant Worlds

Online social networks are increasingly consequential in individuals’ professional and personal lives, as many people engage online to create and maintain meaningful relationships and satisfy their needs for social connection. People tend to curate their online representations (profile pictures for different websites, videogame avatars, bitmojis, profile page bios, etc.) with almost as much regularity as their corporeal (real-world) self-presentation. As such, the current study explored the socially utilitarian choices people make when presenting themselves in both the corporeal and virtual public spheres. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing various aspects of their self-presentation and behavior in real-life, social media, and online videogames. We found several differences in self-presentation strategies in both online and offline contexts based primarily on ethnoracial background, sex, and skin tone. Minority women (particularly Multiracial women) reported dyeing their hair significantly more than White women, and the overwhelming majority reported dyeing their hair a lighter color than their natural hair color. Women use more emojis and exclamation points in emails and digital interactions than men, and they are more likely to use skin lightening filters before posting a selfie on social media. In addition, we found a descriptive pattern indicating that straight women and bisexual women dating men use more filters than lesbians and bisexual women dating women. Finally, in online videogames, men who are below average height reported creating videogame avatars that were taller than they were, individuals with darker skin tones reported creating avatars with skin tones lighter than their own, and introverts reported that they pretend to be extroverted in videogames more than extroverts reported pretending to be introverted. This study highlights the importance of online self-presentation on people’s social lives and the strategies that people utilize to align how they believe they are socially perceived with a more idealized version of themselves, or a version of themselves that will confer greater social capital than what they believe they naturally embody. Given the increasing possibilities of identity customization in the virtual public sphere, further research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between online and offline self-presentation.

Функциональный аспект хэштеггинга в виртуальной коммуникации (на материале аккаунтов Кемеровского государственного университета и его структурных подразделений)

Hashtags affect the conceptual sphere of Internet users and may promote certain ideologies because they are a synthetic tool of virtual communication. The research objective was to classify hashtags in virtual communication using the methods of conversational, contextual, discursive, content, and intent analyses. The study covered the online representations of the Kemerovo State University and its hashtags (2020–2023), namely, those of its official accounts, institutes, departments, trade unions, and student communities. The author revealed the following functions. The predictive function guided the first impression and was followed by compression, structuring, differentiating, and navigation functions, which systematized the content. The stereotyping function manifested itself in the image formation, while the axiological function asserted a set of ideologies behind it. The actualizing function was responsible for correlating the content with the media agenda. The manipulative and attractive functions demonstrated the suggestive aspect of the communicative potential of hashtags that represented the basic concepts of the university's conceptual sphere: kinship and family, community, a sense of belonging, stability, etc. In general, they developed an ideological model that formed a positive image of the university for the target audience.

The Effectiveness of Search Engine Optimization Practices in Promoting Turkey's Tourism Destinations. A case Study of Tourism Destinations in Istanbul City

This study examined the effectiveness of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) practices in promoting Turkey's tourism destinations, focusing specifically on Istanbul city. Recognizing SEO as a crucial digital marketing tool, the study significantly contributed to the understanding of how SEO influences the visibility and attractiveness of destinations online. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research evaluated SEO practices on a representative sample of tourism-related websites in Istanbul, including official tourism websites, hotel sites, and travel blogs. The websites were analyzed based on established SEO parameters such as keyword usage, meta tags, backlink quality, website speed, and mobile optimization. The study also performed a comprehensive SERP (Search Engine Result Pages) analysis to gauge the visibility of these websites in organic search results. User engagement metrics such as bounce rate, time spent on the site, and conversion rates were studied to understand the effectiveness of the websites in attracting and retaining potential tourists. Furthermore, surveys were conducted with potential tourists to glean insights into their online search behavior, the perceived credibility of high-ranking websites, and their likelihood of visiting a destination based on its online representation. The findings revealed a strong correlation between effective SEO practices, high SERP rankings, and positive user engagement metrics. The study concluded that well-implemented SEO strategies significantly improved the online visibility and credibility of Istanbul's tourism destinations, thereby attracting a greater number of potential tourists. The findings underscored the necessity for local tourism businesses to invest in building SEO expertise and resources to capitalize on the potential of digital marketing in promoting tourism. Keywords: Search engine optimization, turkey's tourism, Istanbul tourism destinations, digital marketing in tourism, online visibility

Everyday Virtuality: A Multimodal Analysis of Political Participation and Newsworthiness

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, digital interactions ceased to be “just another form of communication”; indeed, they became the only means of social interaction, mediated and driven by information and communication technologies (ICTs). Consequently, working in a digital context switched from being a phenomenon to be studied to the primary means of socializing and the primary workspace for researchers. This study explores four different methodologies to question how discursive interactions related to power and newsworthiness may be addressed in digital contexts. The multimodal approach was reviewed through the affordances of critical discourse analysis, issue ownership and salience, morphological discourse analysis, and protest event analysis. It starts by theoretically addressing concepts of multimodality and phenomenology by focusing on the implications of both perspectives. It examines publications and interactions in digital contexts in Ecuador from March 2017 to December 2020 within three political phenomena. The results of the analysis of these publications and interactions suggest that when analyzing political participation and newsworthiness, the virtual becomes a subjective space. Moreover, qualitative research is one of the primary ways to combine multimodality with other forms of discourse analysis. This paper concludes that perceptions, practices, and meanings assigned to social online representations can be better analyzed through multimodality, which tackles the intertwined characteristics of virtual discourses.

Differential replay of reward and punishment paths predicts approach and avoidance

Neural replay is implicated in planning, where states relevant to a task goal are rapidly reactivated in sequence. It remains unclear whether, during planning, replay relates to an actual prospective choice. Here, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we studied replay in human participants while they planned to either approach or avoid an uncertain environment containing paths leading to reward or punishment. We find evidence for forward sequential replay during planning, with rapid state-to-state transitions from 20 to 90 ms. Replay of rewarding paths was boosted, relative to aversive paths, before a decision to avoid and attenuated before a decision to approach. A trial-by-trial bias toward replaying prospective punishing paths predicted irrational decisions to approach riskier environments, an effect more pronounced in participants with higher trait anxiety. The findings indicate a coupling of replay with planned behavior, where replay prioritizes an online representation of a worst-case scenario for approaching or avoiding.

MP48-15 ARE UROLOGISTS UNDERREPRESENTED ON FERTILITY CLINIC WEBSITES? A WEB-BASED ANALYSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP48-15 ARE UROLOGISTS UNDERREPRESENTED ON FERTILITY CLINIC WEBSITES? A WEB-BASED ANALYSIS Bassel Bachir, Lina El Taha, and Fadi Choucair Bassel BachirBassel Bachir More articles by this author , Lina El TahaLina El Taha More articles by this author , and Fadi ChoucairFadi Choucair More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003294.15AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Infertile couples invariably use the internet to seek different fertility clinics and explore their fertility options. Online information about healthcare providers has made self-referral popular among patients. As there is almost an equal distribution of male and female factor infertility, this information is vital for both partners. To this end, the objective of this study was to identify the visibility of male infertility specialists (urologists) on fertility clinic websites, as compared to other team members. METHODS: Information was retrieved from two publicly available online registries. The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) in the United States and the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) in the United Kingdom. We examined all available websites, looking especially at the online representations of the different team members. RESULTS: A total of 447 clinic websites were analyzed. Out of those websites, only 36 (8%) included the profiles of male infertility specialists (urologists). In contrast, the overwhelming majority of websites, 429 (96%) included the profiles of female infertility specialists (Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility specialists). Male infertility specialists were also grossly underrepresented compared to other clinic staff members including nurses, 249 (55.7%, p<0.0001), embryology lab directors, 208 (46.5%, p<0.0001), administrative staff, 177 (39.6%, p<0.0001) and embryologists ,133 (29.7%, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Urologists specialized in male infertility are profoundly underrepresented on fertility clinic websites, despite the fact that male factor infertility accounts for almost half of all infertility cases. Addressing this shortcoming can help fertility clinics attract more patients through a higher visibility of all care team members involved. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e661 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Bassel Bachir More articles by this author Lina El Taha More articles by this author Fadi Choucair More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...