Online Panel Research Articles

Using the Delphi Technique to Achieve Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Preterm Single Birth in China

Abstract Objective This study aimed to reach a consensus among obstetric experts on the prevention and treatment of preterm single births in China. Methods Based on the scoping literature review and the 2014 edition of preterm birth of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment guidelines, we generated the Delphi survey statements with five evaluation dimensions, including the definition of preterm birth, exclusion of risk factors for preterm birth, prevention, and prediction of preterm birth, treatment of preterm birth, and evaluation of intervention outcomes of preterm birth. Obstetric experts from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association formed the expert group for this survey. All the obstetric experts participated two-round modified Delphi survey via an anonymous online survey and an online panel. Mean scores, rank sum, full score ratio, and the lowest score ratio were calculated to reflect the concentration of expert opinions. The coefficient of variation and Kendall W coefficient were used to reflect the expert opinion coordination degree of the survey statement. Results The expert response rate for both rounds of surveys was 100% (41/41). Experts reached an agreement on 36 statements in five dimensions of preterm birth prevention and treatment in the first round of the survey and reached a consensus on the remaining 13 statements in the second round. A total of 49 statements (mean scores ≥3, full score ratio ≥20%, coefficient of variation ≤0.3) were explicitly included in this guideline to form recommendations, while the remaining three clinical issues that did not reach a consensus require further determination based on evidence quality. The Kendall W coefficient in the two rounds of the Delphi survey were 0.20 (P < 0.001) and 0.29 (P < 0.001). Conclusion The five dimensions and 49 statements, agreed upon through a two-round Delphi study, determined the recommended statements to be included in the updated guidelines for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth in China. The defined lower limit is set at ≥28 gestational weeks; however, an update has been made to the definition of premature birth, specifying that “with the consent of the mother and her family, treatment is not abandoned for viable infants ≥26 gestational weeks.”

Work–Life Balance, Supervisor Support, and Life Satisfaction in the Higher Education Sector

Abstract The study explores the relationship between work–life balance and supervisor support in the Indian higher education sector. More specifically, the study explores the effects of supervisor support on the work–life balance of female employees working in academia. We used online panel data comprised of 300 employees working in various universities, which we analysed by employing structural equation modelling. Results reveal that supervisor support is positively related to employee work–life balance and ultimately their life satisfaction. The findings also stress the importance of supervisor support for female employees, as its presence is a major boost in helping women reach the desired work–life balance. With the objective to augment work–life balance of women academicians, the work would guide managers as well as decision makers involved in the academic sector to implement women-friendly policies and programmes.

Analysis of public perception of national obesity management policy.

This study aimed to provide essential data necessary for shaping future obesity policy directions and strengthening the effectiveness of such measures. A literature review and expert meetings were conducted to identify policy objectives that should be included in the comprehensive national obesity management plan. Based on these objectives, a questionnaire was developed, and a survey was conducted nationwide through an online panel targeting citizens aged 15-69. When analyzing the appropriateness of promoting national obesity policies, 38.6% of respondents answered "not appropriate," while only 8.4% answered "appropriate." We also assessed the importance of the four key areas of the national obesity management policy, with 36.9% considering "improvement of lifestyle to prevent obesity" as the most important. Additionally, we analyzed the significance of specific tasks. "Strengthening child and adolescent obesity prevention and management," "enhancing group meal nutrition and hygiene," "strengthening the operation of community-based obesity and exercise clinics," and "advancing an integrated information platform for nutrition, dietary patterns, and physical activity" emerged as pivotal tasks within their respective areas. The primary tasks identified as top priorities by the public in this study regarding national obesity policy initiatives can be incorporated into future obesity management strategies. Our approach has the potential to enhance the efficacy of these policies by aligning future obesity policy trajectories with public demands and expectations.

Social interaction, support preferences, and the use of wearable health trackers

IntroductionDrawing on uses and gratifications theory, social cognitive theory, and related work, this research assessed how social factors relate to reported weekly use and behavioral intentions toward the use of wearable health trackers (WHT).MethodsThrough two studies we surveyed current users of WHT, including smartwatches, to better understand what factors encouraged engagement. Study One (N = 333) consisted of a college student sample. Study Two (N = 319) was conducted through an online panel from Prolific.ResultsFor Study One, results suggested that connection, social comparison, and one's comfort with seeking support predicted weekly use, while need for support was a negative predictor of device use. In terms of behavioral intentions, connection and one's comfort with seeking support remained positive predictors. For Study Two, only one's comfort with seeking support predicted weekly use, while one's comfort with seeking support and social sharing both predicted behavioral intentions. Additional analysis in Study Two comparing users of dedicated WHT and smartwatches also found differences in terms of behavioral intentions and social sharing.DiscussionCollectively, the two studies offer insight into what social factors contribute to the use of WHT, including evidence that one's need for support for exercise may serve as a barrier to WHT use.

The EORTC QLU-C10D: the Hong Kong valuation study.

The EORTC QLU-C10D is a new preference-based measure derived from the EORTC QLQ-C30. Country-specific value sets are required to support the cost-utility analysis of cancer-related interventions. This study aimed to generate an EORTC QLU-C10 value set for Hong Kong (HK). A HK online panel was quota-sampled to achieve an adult general population sample representative by sex and age. Participants were invited to complete an online discrete choice experiment survey. Each participant was asked to complete 16 choice-pairs, randomly assigned from a total of 960 choice-pairs, each comprising two QLU-C10D health states and a duration attribute. Conditional and mixed logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The analysis included data from 1041 respondents who had successfully completed the online survey. The distribution of sex did not differ from that of the general population, but a significant difference was found among age groups. A weighting analysis for non-representative variable (age) was used. Utility decrements were generally monotonic, with the largest decrements for physical functioning (-0.308), role functioning (-0.165), and pain (-0.161). The mean QLU-C10D utility score of the participants was 0.804 (median = 0.838, worst to best = -0.169 to 1). The value of the worst health state was -0.223, which was sufficiently lower than 0 (being dead). This study established HK utility weights for the QLU-C10D, which can facilitate cost-utility analyses across cancer-related health programmes and technologies.

Collecting Paediatric Health-Related Quality of Life Data: Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of the Australian Paediatric Multi-Instrument Comparison (P-MIC) Study.

Collecting data using paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments is complex, and there is a paucity of evidence regarding the comparative performance of paediatric HRQoL instruments. The Australian Paediatric Multi-Instrument Comparison (P-MIC) study was conducted to address this paucity of evidence. This study aims to understand the (1) feasibility of collecting data using paediatric HRQoL instruments in a research setting and (2) acceptability and feasibility for children and their caregivers to complete common paediatric HRQoL instruments using data from the Australian P-MIC study. Data were from children aged 5-18 years from the Australian P-MIC study. Demographics, cost and time for data collection, dropout rates, and inconsistent responses were used to assess Aim 1. Participant-reported difficulty and completion time were used to assess Aim 2. Subgroup analyses included child age, report type (self/proxy), sample recruitment pathway (hospital/online), and online panel sample type (general population/condition groups). Overall, 5945 P-MIC participants aged 5-18 years completed an initial survey, of these, 2346 also completed the follow-up survey (39.5% response rate). Compared with online panel recruitment, hospital recruitment was more costly and time-consuming and had higher follow-up completion (33.5% versus 80.4%) (Aim 1). Data were of similar good quality (based on inconsistent responses) for both recruitment pathways (Aim 1). Participants completed each instrument in <3 min, on average, and >70% reported each instrument as easy to complete (Aim 2). The Australian P-MIC study was able to collect good-quality data using both online panel and hospital recruitment pathways. All instruments were acceptable and feasible to children and their caregivers.

Parents' Understanding About Children's Bullying: Fall ConsumerStyles Survey, United States, 2017, 2018, and 2019.

The purpose of this study was to explore U.S. parents' and caregivers' understanding about children's bullying-what bullying is and how to address it. We analyzed 2017, 2018, and 2019 Fall ConsumerStyles online panel survey data from U.S. parents/caregivers of children ages 10 to 17 years (N = 1,516), including 20 items representing statements consistent or inconsistent with the bullying prevention evidence and best practices. Percentage of endorsement for each item and a summary measure of understanding about bullying were calculated. The association between low overall understanding about bullying and sociodemographic characteristics was explored. Most parents identified bullying as harmful (77%), repetitive (63%), and involving power imbalance (51%). At least half of parents answered 13 or more items (20 total) consistent with the bullying prevention evidence or best practices. Being male, non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, having high school or less education, and small household size were associated with higher odds of low overall understanding about bullying. Awareness of parents' understanding about bullying and how to appropriately address it is vital for bullying prevention. Findings can inform the strategic development of bullying prevention health messages for parents.

Correlates of desire for children among women

Objective: To describe levels of desire for children and identify factors influencing women’s desire for children (DFC). Design: Descriptive correlational study. Setting: Participants were recruited from a Qualtrics online panel. Participants: 228 women from the following nations: Columbia, South America, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Honduras, India, Nigeria, Philippines, United Kingdom, and the USA. Methods: DFC was measured using the Modified Index of Parenthood Motivation (MIPM), a 14-item self-reporting tool, and the Motives Toward Parenthood Scale (MTPS), a 30-item tool with four subscales. Results: MIPM was related to education levels, employment status, the number of children she had, and her parity. One-way ANOVA revealed significant relationships between MIPM with race and nationality. As shown in Mean DFC Scores by Nationality, post hoc tests revealed significant differences in mean MIPM scores when comparing Colombians to Nigerians, Ghanaians to both Colombians and Honduran participants, and finally, significant differences in mean MIPM scores when comparing between Philippine and Colombian, as well as Honduran participants. Subjective norms, consequences, and individual costs mean scores were below midpoints. Conclusion: Participants with increased DFC had increased education, were employed, had more children, and had been pregnant more times than participants with decreased DFC. Women who identified as Black had significantly greater DFC than those who identified as White or Hispanic. Women from Nigeria, Ghana, and the Philippines had significantly greater DFC than participants from Colombia and Honduras. Participants disagreed with subjective norms but agreed with the positive consequences of motherhood.

Updated beliefs and shaken confidence: evidence from vaccine hesitancy caused by experiencing “COVID arm”

BackgroundPublic health depends largely on people’s knowledge, beliefs, or behaviors regarding their health and medical treatments. Although works based on the health belief model have shown that public beliefs about medical treatments affect willingness to take the treatments, little is known about the effects of changes in beliefs on attitudes toward treatment. How one’s past experiences relate to one’s beliefs about a given medical treatment is worth considering.MethodsWe implemented an online panel survey in February 2021 and March 2022 in Japan before and after COVID-19 vaccines were administered to the public within the country. We exploited delayed localized hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, namely, “COVID arm”, as an exogenous shock to investigate the relationship between past negative experiences and current beliefs about medical treatments or science. “COVID arm” was an unexpected side effect and thus likely caused updated beliefs about the vaccine. Out of the nonprobability sample of 15,000 respondents in the first wave in February 2021, 9,668 respondents also responded to the second wave conducted in March 2022. Outcome variables were whether experiencing “COVID arm” affected the respondents’ 1) confidence in vaccine safety, 2) willingness to take the next dose of COVID-19 vaccines, 3) acknowledgment of the importance of vaccination, and 4) confidence in science. We measured the impact of experience with “COVID arm” on changes in the probability that survey respondents would respond affirmatively to questions posed about the issues listed above.ResultsExperiencing “COVID arm” significantly lowered confidence in the safety of vaccination by 4.3 percentage points, which was approximately 6% of the sample mean for the first wave, and lowered the probability of taking a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by 1.5 percentage points. These adverse impacts were observed after conditioning background characteristics and prior confidence in vaccination. Experiencing “COVID arm” affected neither the acknowledged importance of vaccination nor confidence in science in a statistically significant way.ConclusionsAn unexpected and uncomfortable shock regarding beliefs about a treatment decreases willingness to take the treatment. An appropriate public health policy should account for this effect.Trial registrationThe survey was preregistered with the American Economic Association’s RCT Registry (Fukai et al., 2022).

Perceptions, intentions, and actual use of a consumer nicotine gum

BackgroundLittle is known about perceptions, use intentions, and behaviors of adults regarding nicotine gum that is marketed and regulated as a consumer product rather than as a medicinal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).MethodsSurvey data were collected from a Qualtrics online panel (N = 1000) of adults who had never used a consumer nicotine gum, recruited based on smoking behavior, and from current and former purchasers of one commercially available nicotine gum product (LUCY Chew and Park), recruited via emails to a customer database (N = 500). In addition to descriptive cross-sectional analyses, logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of intent to try and of product appeal among these different groups.ResultsAmong online panel respondents, individuals who smoked with and without plans to quit showed high intention to try the product (odds ratios 15.6 [95% CI 9.3, 27.6] and 9.8 [95% CI 5.8, 17.3] respectively, compared to people who formerly smoked) and persons who had never smoked showed low intentions to try. These results stood regardless of flavor. Among current and former purchasers of the study product, 43.4% of persons who had smoked cigarettes regularly indicated they were motivated to try the product “to help me quit smoking.” Only 0.6% of young adult consumers of the nicotine gum (aged 21–30) had not tried tobacco products previously.ConclusionsConsumer nicotine gum does not appear to attract those who have never used a tobacco product and the results for young adults suggest minimal appeal to youth. The study product was used primarily by individuals who currently smoke and/or use e-cigarettes but who wished to quit or reduce consumption. These results suggest that a consumer nicotine gum may reduce harm by substituting for higher-risk products such as combustible cigarettes.

Empirically testing the experience type framework

In 2018, Duerden et al. proposed an experience type framework (ETF) which articulated key characteristics of ordinary and extraordinary experiences. While conceptually helpful, the framework has yet to be empirically tested. Thus, the purpose of this study was to empirically test the proposed hierarchical structure of the ETF. To achieve this purpose, we first developed, refined, and validated an operationalized ETF measurement tool, the experience type scale (ETS), to test the ETF. Data from three separate studies involving samples drawn from an online panel, participants in an executive Master of Business field study experience, and undergraduate students (n = 405) are analyzed and reported to address the study’s objectives. Findings from these studies support the proposed hierarchical, nested ETF structure.

Establishing a common metric for physical function: Linking SARC-F and PROMIS® physical function

IntroductionAligned with the increasing need for standardized assessment of physical function in older individuals with cancer and other conditions, several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed and published. The aim of this study is to link the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls questionnaire (SARC-F), and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Physical Function Short Form 8c (PROMIS PF 8c), and make their scores convertible, in order to expand the use of both instruments in research and inform clinicians and researchers about the interchangeability of critical cut-off scores. Materials and MethodsThe sample included 300 participants recruited from an online panel. Participants were included if they had received a cancer diagnosis from a clinician and reported receiving anti-cancer treatment. We conducted five linking procedures and selected an optimal one to generate the crosswalk table between the two measures. ResultsThe linked T scores of all five methods showed acceptably small mean differences from the observed T scores, and the standard deviation (SD), and root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) of the differences were generally similar across all methods. After comparing across all statistics, the Stocking-Lord approach was considered as the optimal approach to compute the crosswalk table for converting SARC-F raw scores to PROMIS PF 8c scores. The crosswalk table shows that the SARC-F cut-off value of 4 between healthy versus symptomatic with a corresponding score of 37 fell in the range of moderate physical function limitation from 30 to 39 on the PROMI PF 8c T score metric. DiscussionThe linkage in this study has potential for improving clinical and research activities for people with cancer and perhaps others with a similar range of physical function. It facilitates the interpretability in scores of both measures on a common metric anchored on general population for further group-level analysis. Researchers can use this crosswalk to harmonize data collected from either instrument without requiring all cohorts to administer the same instrument for a prospective data collection or retrospective data analysis purpose or for a cross-study effectiveness study.

The relationship between dark tetrad and conspiracy beliefs. No consistent results across three different samples from Slovakia

The present study focused on whether Dark Tetrad characteristics (machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) predict conspiracy beliefs (COVID-19 related and general) in the Slovak population. Three independent samples were used for the study. The first sample consisted of 804 (73.9% women) university students of the middle-sized Slovak university. The second sample consisted of 489 (61.2% women) Facebook users. The third group was recruited from an online panel of a research agency and included 600 respondents (49% women). The results provided different findings for the three research samples. Results showed that machiavellianism was a positive predictor of conspiracy beliefs (COVID-19 and general) among respondents from a research agency and a university (general only). Psychopathy positively predicted COVID-19 and general conspiracy beliefs only among respondents from the Facebook sample. Narcissism positively predicted COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs among university students. The results of the study suggest that there is no consistent pattern of relationship between Dark Tetrad and conspiracy beliefs across different samples in Slovakia. Future research should focus on whether these inconsistencies are due to sample characteristics or they express lack of stable relationships between these two psychological variables.

Knowledge, Compliance, and Inequities in Colon Cancer Screening in Spain: An Exploratory Study.

In Spain, inequities exist in implementing colorectal cancer (CRC) tests with the target population-adults aged 50 to 69-as part of population-based CRC screening programs. This research aims to further our understanding of the target population's awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of these test-based screening programs. A survey was carried out using an online panel representative of the target population, with a sample collected from 5313 individuals. Data collection took place in June 2022. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out using contingency tables, the Chi-square test, and Cramer's V statistics. The sample was also segmented based on key variables. Finally, the results were analyzed using logistic regression. In the sample population, 62.5% had taken the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 72.5% reported receiving the invitation letter to participate in the screening program, and 86.8% had prior knowledge of the FOBT. Noncompliance was mainly due to lack of symptoms (40%), non-receipt of invitation letters (39.7%), and forgetfulness or neglect (28.5%). On the contrary, receipt of the letter of invitation (OR 7.35, p < 0.01) and prior knowledge of FOBT (OR 6.32, p < 0.01) were the main variables that increased the probability of test uptake. Other significant variables included frequency of primary care visits (OR 1.71, p < 0.01) and being older (65-69 years old) (OR 1.52, p < 0.01) There is still a pressing need for greater awareness of both CRC risk factors and the benefits of early detection, as well as for overcoming the common misconception that detection should only be sought when symptoms are present.

Online panel data quality: a sentiment analysis based on a deep learning approach

The rise of online access panels has profoundly changed the market research landscape. Often presented by their owners as very powerful tools, they nevertheless raise important scientific questions, particularly regarding the representativeness of the samples they produce and, consequently, the validity of the information they provide. In this paper, we present an innovative approach, based on deep learning and sentiment analysis techniques, to assess in real time the representativeness of an online panel sample. The idea is to measure the extent to which the opinions of an online panel converge with opinions on social networks. To validate the proposed method, we conducted a case study on the emerging discussion on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination. The results not only proved the representativeness of online panel sample, but also demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.

Associations of the COVID-19 burden and various comorbidities of different ethnic groups in Israel: a cross-sectional study.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly transmissible between human beings. We examined differences in the core families with COVID-19 severity and mortality and comorbidities between Arab and Jews and explored the factors associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality to find a genetic component. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2240 COVID-19 patients (> 18 years of age) randomly selected by online panels and questionnaires in the native language (Hebrew or Arabic) during March 2021-June 2022. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess correlations with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Overall, 1549 (69%) were Arabs and 691 (31%) were Jews. The proportion of participants who died from COVID-19 was higher among Arabs compared with Jews (66% vs. 59%), P < 0.001. The mean number of deaths from COVID-19 and patients with severe COVID-19 was higher in ultra-Orthodox Jewish, non-academic core families and those who lived in the city residence compared with secular, academic core families and who live in the village residence, P < 0.001. A multivariable linear regression model showed a significant association between metabolic, kidney, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases with COVID-19 severity (B coefficient - 0.43, B coefficient - 0.53, B coefficient - 0.53, B coefficient - 0.42, respectively) and COVID-19 mortality (B coefficient - 0.51, B coefficient - 0.64, B coefficient - 0.67, B coefficient - 0.34, respectively), P < 0.001. COVID-19 severity and mortality were highly associated with comorbidities, ethnicity, social and environmental factors. Furthermore, we believe that genetic factors also contribute to the increase in COVID-19 severity and mortality and the differences rates of these between Arabs and Jews in Israel.

Quantifying the impact of taking medicines for primary prevention: a time-trade off study to elicit direct treatment disutility in the UK

BackgroundDirect treatment disutility (DTD) represents an individual’s disutility associated with the inconvenience of taking medicine over a long period of time.ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to elicit DTD...

Religiosity matters: assessing competing explanations of support for secularism in Quebec and Canada

AbstractSecularism—i.e., the separation between the state and religious institutions—is a fundamental characteristic of liberal democracies, yet support for secular arrangements varies significantly across Western countries. In Canada, such attitudinal divergences are observable at the regional level, with citizens from Quebec displaying higher levels of support for secularism than other Canadians. In this paper, we test three hypotheses to account for this regional discrepancy: religiosity, liberal values, and out-group prejudice. Using data from an online panel survey (n = 2,000), our findings suggest that support for secularism in Quebec is mostly explained by the province's lower baseline levels of religiosity, anticlerical feelings, and by its distinctive understanding of liberalism. These factors are likely to result from Quebec's unique religious and sociohistorical history. Results also suggest that while negative feelings toward religious minorities are positively correlated with support for secularism across the entire country, negative feelings toward ethnic minorities are associated with lower support for secularism in Quebec. These findings disprove the commonly held assumption according to which support for secularism is driven by ethnic prejudice in Quebec.

Disutilities Associated with Intravenous Iron Infusions: Results from a Time Trade-off Survey and Diminishing Marginal Utility Model for Treatment Attributes in China.

Treatment process attributes can affect health state utilities associated with therapy. For intravenous iron, used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, research into process attributes is still lacking. This study estimated utilities associated with process attributes for intravenous iron infusions. An online survey including seven health state vignettes and time trade-off tasks was administered to participants, who were not patients living with iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, from a Chinese online panel. Vignettes used an identical description of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia but differed in the annual number of infusions, infusion duration, and infusion-associated risk of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Disutilities and their rate of change as the number of infusions increased were examined using a power model. The survey was completed by 1091 participants. The highest utilities were observed for one annual infusion of 15-30 minutes or 30-60 minutes, without risk of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (0.754 and 0.746, respectively). In comparison, more infusions and infusions with a risk of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia were associated with lower utilities. Utility continued to decrease, but at a diminishing rate, as the annual number of infusions increased, with utility decrements of 0.006 and 0.002, respectively, when going from zero to one and from four to five infusions per year. All marginal disutilities were small (values <0.01). This study suggested that treatment attributes of intravenous iron infusions affect health state utilities. Using intravenous iron formulations that allow for fewer and shorter infusions without the risk of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia can reduce the number of visits required and increase patients' quality of life.

Understanding Health Behaviors, Weight Perceptions, and Body Appreciation of Young Adult Women Engaged in the Body Positivity Movement.

The body positivity movement on social media is thought to foster body appreciation, but pervasive societal concern persists about the body positivity movement and the body image, health behaviors, and "normalization of obesity" of young adult women. This study explored the relationship between engagement in the body positivity movement on social media and weight status, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and the health behaviors of intuitive eating and physical activity in young adult women (18-35years). Participants (N=521; ∼64% engaged in body positivity content on social media) were recruited using Qualtrics online panels for this cross-sectional survey during February 2021. Outcomes included weight status, weight consideration, weight perception, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and intuitive eating. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, education level, and household income were used to assess the association between engagement in the body positivity movement and specified outcomes. Engagement in body positivity content was associated with greater body dissatisfaction (β=2.33, t(519)=2.90 p=.017), body appreciation (β=0.26, t(519)=2.90 p=.004), and greater likelihood of reporting high amounts of physical activity (odds ratio=2.28; p<.05) relative to nonengaged peers; these associations remained significant after further adjustment for weight status. Body positivity was not associated with weight status, weight perception, or intuitive eating. Engagement in the body positivity movement is associated with higher body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in young adult women, which suggests they may be drawn to and engage in the body positivity movement as a protective or coping mechanism for body dissatisfaction.