Online Learning Content Research Articles

온라인 학습에서 사후 인출연습과 피드백 유형이 메타인지적 판단의 정확도와 학업성취에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of retrieval practice and various types of feedback on academic achievement and the accuracy of metacognitive judgments in an online learning environment. Participants were divided into a control group, which engaged in standard relearning, and three experimental groups that participated in retrieval practice. These groups were differentiated based on the type and amount of feedback provided: Group 1 received knowledge of results feedback, Group 2 received knowledge of correct response feedback, and Group 3 received elaborate feedback, each designed to test different aspects of learning reinforcement. Participants studied online learning content divided into four segments under these conditions. Metacognitive judgments were assessed through a survey after completing the fourth segment, and academic achievement was measured by a final test consisting of 20 items (9 previously studied items and 11 transfer items), administered one week after the end of the learning period. The results revealed significant differences in academic achievement between the experimental and control groups for both the previously studied and total items. Additionally, the experimental groups demonstrated significantly higher academic achievement and more accurate metacognitive judgments in both item categories compared to the control group. No significant differences were found among the feedback types. Based on these findings, the implications of the study are discussed.

Analyzing Student's Perceptions about the Values of Digital Citizenship

In this paper, we examine the impact of the pandemic on university students in Jordan, focusing on their digital citizenship and attitudes towards distance learning. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey, with 780 participants. The findings reveal that distance learning is widely applicable, with 89.87% of students utilizing live online learning content. The majority of students exhibit responsible online behavior, respecting others and refraining from bullying. They also actively engage in digital activities, express their opinions, and share their expertise online. Additionally, many students use technology for legitimate purchases during the pandemic. However, 95% of participants are aware of the potential health issues caused by excessive digital device use. Finally, it is shown that the university students in Jordan demonstrate good knowledge and positive attitudes towards digital citizenship, highlighting the importance of digital literacy and responsible online behavior in the face of the COVID-19 crisis.

Development and validation of teachers’ e-readiness scale: a study on higher education institutions in India

PurposeDue to the growing complexity involved in leveraging the endless possibilities of ICT on all levels, the technical competence of faculties of higher education institutions (HEI) and effective methods for fostering e-readiness has become questionable.Design/methodology/approachThis research has developed and validated an empirically supported e-readiness scale, which can be used by HEIs to assess faculty members’ preparedness toward online teaching. The measurement model and the structural model were developed as the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 245). The previously identified components and their indicators were validated using the structural models and the final scale was developed with five dimensions (“online technological readiness, pedagogical readiness, institutional readiness, learning and delivery readiness and content readiness”).FindingsThe faculties’ e-readiness assessment tool, as a useful tool, could aid institutions in identifying problems that affect the implementation of e-learning or digitalization in the institutions and developing strategies in response.Research limitations/implicationsLike any research this research also has some limitations and can be considered as future research probability like the responses for this research were collected from HEI in India; however, a cross-cultural study can be conducted to understand the parameters across the globe. Although the psychometric qualities of the e-readiness scale are acceptable, additional research in various higher educational environments, both nationally and internationally, is required to further establish the scale’s relevance, validation and generalizability.Originality/valueAlthough many scales have been developed to assess the readiness level in the education sector, a scale, that holistically measures, the readiness level of faculties from an overall perspective was required. This scale can be used to recognize the e-readiness level of teachers in HEIs. This scale can also help the institutions assess the readiness level of their faculty members and address any improvements required in their teaching and learning pedagogy, further acknowledging training needs.

Predicting Academic Performance in Mathematics through Online Learning Constructs and Content Proficiencies

This study explores the evaluation of online distance learning as a significant alternative to traditional education, specifically focusing on its application in Grade 11 mathematics education. The research, conducted in six public senior high schools in Quezon City District IV, employs a descriptive-correlational design and involves 873 Grade 11 students attending online classes. Constructs of online learning, including motivation, access and use of technology, perception, self-directed learning, and online teaching approaches, were examined to understand their impact on mathematics academic performance. The findings revealed that students strongly embraced self-directed learning in the online environment, demonstrating high motivation. Positive feedback was observed towards technology use, online teaching approaches, and the overall perception of online learning. Academic performance was generally satisfactory, with diverse achievements in content-based competencies like Functions and Their Graphs, Mathematics of Investment, and Math Logic. Significant low positive relationships were identified between mathematics academic performance and online learning constructs, as well as content-based competencies. Key predictors of mathematics academic performance included motivation, technology access and use, and online teaching approaches. However, the perception of online learning and self-directed learning did not significantly predict academic performance. These findings contribute to a multiple linear regression model explaining 24% of the variance, highlighting the need to optimize online learning for enhanced mathematics academic performance. Recommendations include students enhancing technology skills and self-directed learning, considering specialized mathematics classes, teachers intensifying instruction in crucial areas, and the Department of Education sustaining the Open High School program while simplifying essential learning competencies in General Mathematics. Future research should explore additional online learning factors for a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

Впровадження системи дистанційного навчання та коучингу як чинник мотивації працівників на підприємстві

Implementing distance learning and coaching systems at the enterprise has become a significant area of interest and exploration in recent years. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the implementation of distance learning and coaching systems within the enterprise, specifically focusing on their impact on employees’ motivation. The study focuses on understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating distance education and mentoring systems in the enterprise context for its employees’ motivation. Through an extensive review of existing literature, this research examines the key factors that influence the successful implementation of these systems. Organizational culture, leadership support, technological infrastructure, employee readiness, and resource availability are critical factors in effectively integrating distance learning and coaching initiatives. The article also explores the role of technology in supporting remote learning experiences and discusses strategies to enhance employee engagement and motivation in virtual environments. The study investigates the impact of distance education and coaching systems on employee knowledge acquisition, skills development, and performance improvement as components of employee motivation at the enterprise. It examines these systems’ effectiveness in learning outcomes, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of evaluation methods and standardized metrics to assess the impact accurately. In addressing the gaps and challenges identified, the article formulates practical recommendations and guidelines for organizations seeking to implement and optimize distance learning and coaching systems. These recommendations include strategies for integrating these systems into existing learning and development frameworks, leveraging technology to enhance engagement and personalization, and ensuring the quality and credibility of online learning content. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the integration of distance learning at the enterprise. Keywords: distance learning, skills improvement, employees’ motivation, employees’ qualification, coaching, mentor support, enterprise.

Development of Android-Based Learning Media on Dynamics and Atmospheric Stability Material

By employing device technology, or what is known as mobile learning, this project intends to create Android-based goods as learning mediums. A different type of learning medium is mobile learning. The availability of mobile learning can facilitate learning for students by enabling them to acquire difficult content anywhere and at any time. This content was created in a visual and audiovisual style for Android. The ADDIE Development model and research in research and development (R&D) are utilized to accomplish this purpose. This paradigm's five steps are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Material expert and material expert tests were performed to evaluate the consistency of the medium and content. A very practical category was produced due to the two experts' determination of the product's validity. Tests on material experts were conducted to ascertain the coherence between the medium and the material. The two experts' product results were valid, and they created a workable category. The media experts' validation results averaged 90.06%, which met the "very valid" criteria, while the material validation results averaged 80.91%, which met the "very valid" criteria. It is recommended that every teacher in the school be more creative in creating online learning content that is not boring and more effective.

Exploring the influence of teachers’ motivating styles on college students’ agentic engagement in online learning: The mediating and suppressing effects of self-regulated learning ability

Online learning has gradually become the new mainstream learning norm during the post-epidemic era. To ensure college students’ online learning effectiveness, they need to be proactively engaged in their online learning, which means that they need to maintain a high level of agentic engagement. However, it is not clear what factors influence college students’ agentic engagement in online learning environments. According to self-determination theory (SDT), the teacher, as an important external factor, can influence students’ learning engagement and learning effectiveness. Meanwhile, self-regulated learning (SRL) ability is important for college students in online learning. Based on existing theoretical foundations, therefore, the current study attempts to explore the following research questions: Are there relationships between teachers’ motivating styles (including autonomy-supportive style and controlling style), college students’ online SRL ability, and college students’ online learning agentic engagement? If yes, how does the former influence college students’ online learning agentic engagement? To respond to these research questions, random sampling was used to collect a total of 681 valid data from college students with experience in online learning. Then, a pilot test, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were first conducted to confirm the reliability and validity of the data. Correlational and mediating analyses were then conducted using SPSS 21.0. According to the results, firstly, teachers’ motivating styles (autonomy-supportive style and controlling style) and college students’ online SRL ability were positively correlated with college students’ online agentic engagement. Secondly, teachers’ autonomy-supportive style was positively correlated with college students’ online SRL ability, but the controlling style was negatively correlated with their online SRL ability. What’s more, college students’ online SRL ability, as a mediating factor, acted as a partial mediation between autonomy-supportive style and college students’ online agentic engagement, and there was a suppressing effect of college students’ SRL ability between teachers’ controlling style and college students’ agentic engagement. The results imply that teachers should choose motivating styles appropriately based on students’ online learning characteristics and content, and college students should develop online SRL ability to improve their agentic engagement and ultimately achieve good online learning effectiveness.

Lincoln Connected

Online education is no longer a growing trend and is now an accepted delivery model with more and more institutions offering academic programs of study online. Presented as a single-case study, this paper outlines one Aotearoa New Zealand institution’s decision to begin offering an online learning program, the Lincoln Connected Initiative. The initiative aimed to increase the institution’s enrolment by developing online learning content, implementing new administrative programs, enhancing technological systems and developing support resources for both staff and students. From this work, there were four main lessons learned: implementation of a strong administrative model, early project and change management, adequate staff resourcing and development, and continuous content development. Since its implementation, this initiative has successfully launched numerous academic programs, updated its systems and development tools, implemented support resources for students and staff and aims to reach its goal of achieving 15% of its full-time equivalent students being enrolled in an online program by 2024.

Designing Online Learning Content: A Practical Guide with a Variety of Tools for Distance Education Pedagogy

In this article, you will find helpful tips for creating personalized online learning content tailored for distance education. We explore the foundations of content personalization to create unique educational experiences, emphasizing relevance, adaptability, and flexibility. Innovative methods like interactive surveys and individual interviews are used to examine learner needs. We present a variety of design tools, highlighting their advantages and adaptability. A new pedagogical approach based on gamification and peer collaboration is proposed. We discuss the importance of adaptive evaluation and feedback, and concrete scenarios and examples illustrate personalized design. Finally, we encourage readers to embrace innovative approaches in shaping the future of education.

Immigrant Parents’ Perspective on Their Children’s School and Education in the Era of COVID-19: A Case of Vietnamese Mothers in South Korea

During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools in South Korea were forced to shift from the traditional way of teaching and learning, face-to-face, to online learning. The purpose of this study was to explore how Vietnamese immigrant mothers in South Korea felt about their children’s schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do this, the qualitative data collection method, qualitative research interview (QRI), was applied. Six Vietnamese immigrant mothers who had children attending elementary school were interviewed, and Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method (DPM) was used to analyze their stories. The results indicate that the Vietnamese mothers had mixed feelings regarding how schools responded during the pandemic. There did not seem to be technological barriers to their children’s online learning, but the mothers did not indicate that they were satisfied with the online learning provided by their children’s school during the pandemic. They seemed to have low expectations for the online learning environment itself and thought that their children were not getting enough attention from their teachers in the distance-learning environment. In addition, the immigrant mothers did not have enough access to information about their children’s education. They were strongly concerned about the reduction in opportunities to socialize caused by distance learning. These findings imply that establishing a trusting and meaningful relationships to create a healthy school community is more important to Vietnamese immigrant mothers than academic achievement or developing efficient online learning content.

Proposing a Feature Selection Approach to Predict Learners' Performance in Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs)

Predicting students' success in virtual learning environments (VLEs) can help educational institutions improve their online services and provide efficient online learning content. However, this cannot be achieved without identifying the possible effective features that have a high influence on students' performance. This research aims at providing an early prediction approach to learners' achievement on VLEs. A new feature selection method called a Developed Sequential Feature Selection (D-SFS) was proposed to identify the most effective features that could highly enhance prediction accuracy. The findings suggest that the D-SFS method outperforms the original Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) approach. The prediction accuracy using the SFS method was 92.466% with seventeen features, whereas the proposed approach successfully predicted 92.518% of students' performance using seven features only. Such outcomes highlight the importance of implementing a feature selection method to enhance prediction accuracy, decrease the number of features, and reduce the model's time and execution complexity.

Hybrid Education: Current Challenges

Hybrid education combines face-to-face and online teaching to provide a more flexible learning experience tailored to the needs of students. In summary, hybrid education implies; Integration of learning modalities where face-to-face learning in the classroom is combined with online learning, taking advantage of both approaches. Flexibility and customization that allows students to access online learning content and activities at their own time and pace, adapting to their individual needs. Use of technology where technological tools and resources are used, such as online learning platforms, videoconferences, multimedia materials, among others, to facilitate teaching and learning. Interaction and collaboration where interaction between students and teachers is promoted through online discussions, collaborative projects and group activities, both in the face-to-face environment and online. Feedback and assessment, where students receive regular feedback and can take online assessments to measure their progress and get continuous assessment of their learning. Challenges and opportunities to face the digital divide, teacher training and effective course design, but also offers opportunities to improve accessibility, equity and quality of education. In conclusion, hybrid education combines the best of face-to-face and online environments to create a more flexible and tailored learning experience. By leveraging technology and promoting interaction and collaboration, hybrid education seeks to improve the quality and scope of education, giving students the opportunity to develop skills relevant to the 21st century.

(355) Sexually Speaking: How are Medical School Clinical Curricula Preparing Future Physicians?

Abstract Introduction Sexual health is an essential component of overall health and wellness. It has been demonstrated that roughly one-third of patients in the United States have sexual dysfunction defined as persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response, desire, orgasm, or pain that cause distress. Currently, only half of United States medical schools require formal sexual health instruction, which contributes to the under-preparedness physicians experience in addressing essential issues related to female sexual medicine (FSM). Previous work from our group revealed a need for restructuring pre-clinical medical school curricula as they pertain to FSM and female sexual dysfunction. Thus, a comprehensive education in medical schools’ clinical curricula covering FSM, including standardized screening for sexual dysfunction, assumes an important role. Objective This study focuses on educational content within the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) core clerkships of medical schools to determine if and how FSM is taught to third-year medical students as they interact with patients. Methods OBGYN clerkship syllabi, synchronous lecture materials, and supplemental resources were collected from four medical schools, including three allopathic and one osteopathic institution, in the surrounding Chicago, Illinois area. To standardize our clinical curriculum needs assessment, we limited content review to lectures and resources provided directly from the institution to students during their OBGYN rotation. Upon review of each institution’s clerkship materials, we assessed the goals set forth in each syllabus in terms of lecture or online learning content required for completion by rotating students. Results Clerkship curriculum materials were collected from four (n=4) medical schools. Three of the four institutions dedicate 6 weeks to the core OBGYN clerkship, while one dedicates only 4 weeks. When comparing the specific aims and course content outlines in the rotation syllabi, 3 out of 4 institutions included topics on FSM or female sexual dysfunction. Of these, only one institution had corresponding synchronous clerkship time dedicated to these topics as a one-hour-long required lecture for students. Furthermore, only one program offered training to third-year clinical students in comprehensive sexual history-taking practices, including screening for female sexual dysfunction. The format in which this was fulfilled was through a recommended online module for interested students to complete independently. Conclusions Our focused needs assessment of both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the Chicagoland area reveals inconsistencies in the outlined institution-specific goals of their OBGYN clinical rotation and the content that was available and required for students to complete. A single one-hour lecture was included at only one institution specifically dedicated to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of female sexual dysfunction. This same school was the only of the four to offer any training in screening for female sexual dysfunction, and this was not required, only recommended. Future work includes emphasizing FSM as crucial a domain for medical students to gain proficiency and confidence during clerkships, particularly in a didactic setting that can be utilized clinically on the wards. Disclosure No

Collaboration between instructional designers and subject matter experts in digital transformation projects

The rapid adoption of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation associated with new tools and technologies has driven the demand for interprofessional collaboration within the education sector. It is now commonplace for Instructional Designers (IDs) and Learning Technologists (LTs) to work alongside Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) when creating online learning content. Although the professional practice of an ID may vary, the collaborative approach to working with SMEs is similar across sectors. Typically, the role of the SME is to impart expert domain knowledge, skills or behaviours. An ID captures this information and creates a learning experience using pedagogical expertise and design skills. This relationship is not without friction and can be complex and challenging to navigate. Research often focuses on the experiences of SMEs and suggests a simple resolution to avoid conflict; clearly define each agent’s role in writing. However, this is not a clear-cut solution. Detailed guidance for IDs is lacking, and conflicts still exist. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the interprofessional working relationship between IDs and SMEs. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted, which looked through the lens of relational working theory and focused on the perspective of the ID. Key themes were identified and aligned with the core concepts of the relational working framework. Findings show that a communication breakdown can negatively impact a project, resulting in power struggles and the delivery of subpar content. The discussion highlights how the application of the relational working framework could be used to strengthen and ease tensions between SMEs and IDs.Keywords: instructional designers; subject matter experts; relational working theory; relational working framework; digital transformationPart of the Special Issue Teaching practices in times of digital transformation <https://doi.org/10.21428/8c225f6e.ac86609b>

Sentiment Analysis of user reviews in an Online Learning Environment: Analyzing the Methods and Future Prospects

The pandemic compelled most of us to switch to remote &amp; hybrid work culture from the traditional and eLearning from the traditional classroom-based learning. Although eLearning has opened boundless opportunities for students at minimal cost, it has also brought a major challenge for the educators. Some of these are- lack of one-to-one interaction between teachers and students, the inability of teachers to assess the quality of their teaching, and more. To make eLearning more effective, it is important for administrators to fill such gaps. This is where sentiment analysis can play a vital role. It can help educators analyze student feedback and optimize their teaching methods for the best results. This paper is a systematic review of the learning-based methods available for sentiment analysis in an online learning environment- through online comments/reviews, web discussions or online forums, learning content, and student feedback. We also discussed some of the combined approaches used for Sentiment Analysis in online learning. Most importantly, the paper ends with a discussion of the limitations and challenges faced by researchers and the further scope for work in this field. Concluding from the research available, Sentiment Analysis has proved to be effective for both educators and students through various channels such as reviews, comments, learning content, web discussions and forums, and more. It has helped teachers improve their teaching methodology and revise course content to better suit students. For students, this has led to better understanding of the course material and has provided them with access to quality learning.

MOOCs 2012-2022: An overview

Online learning has proven its effectiveness recently, especially during the coronavirus outbreak [COVID-19] that forced the closure of educational institutions in most countries. Many see MOOCs as an alternative to the traditional education system due to the flexibility of learning time and the absence of economic and geographical constraints. People can access educational content for free through platforms that deliver online learning content. However, MOOCs have long-standing challenges that need to be addressed. These include high dropout rates and reduced user participation in learning activities such as forums and comments. Furthermore, international research has identified a need for more relevant knowledge, despite the importance experts ascribe to MOOCs for delivering educational content. To this end, this chapter examines the establishment of MOOCs in terms of their pedagogical and technological dimensions, starting with a definition and a brief history of MOOCs. To this end, the characteristics of MOOCs will be reviewed. The practical issues that have emerged from more than ten years of experience in implementing MOOCs at the international level will also be considered.

EMP: in search of optimal mode of delivery

Introduction. The use of digital technologies in tertiary education is one of the most pronounced modern trends. The digital component of education in the university context is rapidly developing and tends to replace traditional campus-based forms. However, the variety of aspects of this problem addressed in publications indicates that ready-made decisions on how much and in what form to introduce the online component in the practices of each specific university does not exist. The decision has to be made based on the analysis of a number of real and projected factors. The aim of the article is to identify the optimal mode of delivery for teaching English for medical purposes, taking into account the digital resources available, and to propose a new vector for increasing the efficiency of their use. Materials and Methods. The material for the paper was digital resources used in teaching English: LMS-hosted courses of Russian medical universities, Massive Open Online Courses, virtual worlds, online communities in social networks, mobile applications and relevant publications on the issues considered. The paper uses the descriptive method coupled with systematization method based on the SECTIONS model. Results. The relevance of introduction of digital tools, services, and online delivery models highly relies on, firstly, the specificity of the subject – its primary focus on the development of productive speech skills, the features of conventional communication in medicine and the associated need for learning from authentic materials; secondly, on the specifics of electronic resources intended for learning a foreign language – their suitability for developing communication skills, supporting conventional communication, access to authentic language input, opportunities of learning from mistakes, monitoring the development of productive speech skills, and monitoring students’ work with resources; thirdly, from the willingness and ability of educators to create or select the necessary educational content and combine it with classroom experience, and the readiness of the students to capitalize on it. Conclusion. We suggest a number of steps for EMP course aimed at more effective use of online learning content, such as unification, balancing face-to-face work and self-study, restructuring face-toface class and providing continual guidance for students and faculty.

Development of a Computer-Aided Education System Inspired by Face-to-Face Learning by Incorporating EEG-Based Neurofeedback Into Online Video Lectures

Owing to the rapid development of information and communication technologies, online or mobile learning content is widely available on the Internet. Unlike traditional face-to-face learning, online learning exhibits a critical limitation: real-time interactions between learners and teachers are generally not feasible in online learning. To overcome this issue, we implemented an online learning system based on electroencephalography (EEG)-based passive brain-computer interface technology referred to as the “adaptive neuro-learning system (ANLS).” It monitors the current mental states of learners seamlessly using EEG signals. Then, it adaptively provides natural and interactive video feedback rather than simple alarms or pop quizzes following the current mental conditions of a learner. In this article, a total of 60 university students were assigned randomly to one of four groups: two experimental groups, for which either ANLS based on attention state estimation or ANLS based on both attention and comprehension states estimation was tested, and two control groups, the students in which were taught using either the conventional online lecture without feedback or an online course with randomized video feedbacks. Each member of these groups attended a 53 min open courseware video lecture. Then, the educational effects of the proposed system were evaluated quantitatively via a written examination. Our results revealed a significantly higher learning performance for the experimental group (average test score of the experimental groups = 83.83 and that of the control groups = 56.67), demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed education strategy.

Improve Learning Programming through Small Private Online Course and Virtual IDE

In learning programming languages ​​there are some technical problems such as the difficulty of installing IDE applications and tend to be heavy, cannot be used on various operating system platforms and there are no programming tutorials. By providing online and open learning content for certain organizations or often called SPOC (Small Private Online Course) and Virtual IDE to support SPOC, it can help students to improve programming skills. The purpose of this research is to create a SPOC LMS that has a Virtual IDE as a learning support. The Quantitative Method was used as a research method in this study to make a conclusion from the experimental results. The results of this study concluded that LMS SPOC and Virtual IDE can help students understand language programming.

Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Learners of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19 in Ghana

The COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly affected learners, and as such, adjustments need to be made for successful teaching and learning through online learning. However, in Ghana, the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic did not spare adult learners who are compelled by educational reforms to upgrade themselves academically using online learning platforms. Using a descriptive design, the study explored the perceptions and experiences of 166 (online data collection) adult learners as they pursue their academic programs through online learning. An adapted questionnaire on perceptions and online learning experiences developed by Khan, Nabi, Khojah, and Tahir (2021) was used for the data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that respondents felt confident while using online learning content but refuted that those technologies permit them to take tests and submit assignments electronically. Furthermore, the study revealed that online learning service was making the learning process very simplified. The revelation means that adult learners possess positive experiences and perceptions about online learning. Therefore, online teaching and learning in higher education institutions should be made a routine activity in Ghana even after the COVID-19 Pandemic because the world is approaching a technological world.