Online Data Collection Research Articles

Transitioning an employee panel survey from telephone to online and mixed-mode data collection

Employee panel surveys, which are essential for measuring ongoing labor market developments, are facing significant challenges of respondent recruitment and retention. Even interviewer-administered panel surveys, historically considered the gold standard form of data collection, are facing high costs and nonresponse issues that threaten their sustainability and inferential capabilities. Supplementing interviewer-administration with online data collection is a popular method of reducing costs and may improve contactability and reduce nonresponse in employee surveys. However, the effects of introducing online data collection in an ongoing panel survey of the employed population have received little attention. We address this research gap by analyzing a mode design experiment embedded in the fourth wave of a German employee panel survey. Individuals were randomly assigned to the standard telephone-only design, or a sequential web-telephone mixed-mode design. An invitation letter experiment was also conducted to test the effect of mentioning the telephone follow-ups in the web survey invitation. Introducing the mixed-mode design led to a higher response rate (59.9% vs. 50.1%), similar levels of nonresponse bias, and lower costs compared to the single-mode design. Mentioning the telephone follow-ups had no effect on participation in the web starting mode or the full mixed-mode design. Implications of these findings for survey practice are discussed.

Web scraped data in consumer price indices

The changes in the consumer behavior, a consumer prefers to purchase some products through internet, calls for revisiting of the traditional data collection and integration of the automated online data collection, also called data web scraping, of products’ prices for official price statistics. In this paper, we demonstrate different methods for aggregating daily web scraped price data to determine monthly prices that are normally used by National Statistical Institutes in the estimation of consumer price indices. Moreover, various economic approaches for estimating indices, which capture price dynamics of product items such as replacements and missing prices, are presented and applied to the observed web scraped data.

Impact of personal protective equipment attached powered air-purifying respirator on nursing-skill performance and psychosocial stress of intensive care unit COVID-19 nurses: A cross-sectional study.

To investigate how personal protective equipment with an attached powered air-purifying respirator worn by intensive care unit nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in Korea impacts nursing-skill performance and psychosocial stress. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed using purposive sampling. Online data collection was conducted from 3 March 2021-20 March 2021on 181 nurses who had worked for more than 1 month in COVID-19 critical care settings wearing personal protective equipment with a powered air-purifying respirator. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographic characteristics, attitude toward personal protective equipment, nursing-skill performance wearing personal protective equipment and psychosocial stress. Data was sourced from structured questionnaire responses. Nursing skill performance decreased to 63.4%, compared with normal performance. Subjects' perceptions and attitudes related to PPE scored 3.56 out of 5; 44.7% of subjects reported severe psychosocial stress, which was significantly affected by attitude toward personal protective equipment usage, nursing performance, experience caring for COVID-19 patients and length of personal protective equipment usage per shift. Greater negative attitude toward usage of personal protective equipment with a powered air-purifying respirator, results in lower nursing-skill performance and higher the psychosocial stress of nurses responding to COVID-19 outbreaks. High negative attitude toward PPE and low nursing-skill performance due to PPE with an attached PAPR results in significant and debilitating psychosocial stress in ICU nurses responding to COVID-19 outbreaks. To respond effectively to future infectious disease outbreaks and improve nursing performance, minimising the inconvenience and restrictions experienced by nurses wearing personal protective equipment is critical. We adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines to report. No patient or public contribution.

Test of a serial mediation model of Machiavellian leadership among hospitality and tourism employees

Despite the abundance of studies on leadership in the hospitality and tourism literature, employees’ perceptions of dark leadership and its potential outcomes have been subjected to limited empirical inquiries. With this realization, our paper proposes a conceptual model where workplace ostracism and absenteeism mediate the impact of Machiavellian leadership on turnover intentions in a sequential manner. To gauge these relationships , data were gathered from hospitality and tourism employees in the United Kingdom via Prolific, an online data collection platform. Results suggest that workplace ostracism mediates the influence of Machiavellian leadership on turnover intentions. This is also true for absenteeism that acts as a mediator between Machiavellian leadership and proclivity to quit. The empirical data support the hypothesis that workplace ostracism and absenteeism sequentially mediate the impact of Machiavellian leadership on turnover intentions. Contrary to our prediction, Machiavellian leadership does not significantly influence proclivity to quit.

Social Distancing and Shopping Behaviour: The Role of Anxiety, Attention, and Awareness on Safety Preferences while Queuing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic increased global anxiety, and many people shopped less frequently. This study quantifies customer preferences in where to shop while following social distancing regulations, specifically focusing on customers' anxiety. Collecting data online from 450 UK participants, we measured trait anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, queue awareness, and queue safety preferences. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop novel queue awareness and queue safety preference variables from new items. Path analyses tested the hypothesised relationships between them. Queue awareness and COVID-19 anxiety were positive predictors of queue safety preference, with queue awareness partially mediating the effect of COVID-19 anxiety. These results suggest that customers' preferences for shopping at one business and not another may depend on safe queueing and waiting conditions, especially in those more anxious about COVID-19 transmission. Interventions that target highly aware customers are suggested. Limitations are acknowledged and areas for future development are outlined.

Online versus in-person Eating Disorder Examination for adolescents with eating disorders: Empirical verification of data equivalency

IntroductionIn the last ten to fifteen years, it has become common for researchers to collect both quantitative (Sue & Ritter, 2012) and qualitative data (Jowett, Peel, & Shaw, 2011) online. The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the importance of this process and accelerated it in many disciplines (Torrentira, 2022).In addition to convenience, recent work suggests that online data collection may be more valid than face-to-face data collection for some populations. This would mean that online data collection may be the most valid and effective for this age group (Barratt, 2012).ObjectivesAdolescents with an eating disorder tend to be more open about their symptoms via impersonal online data collection than they are in a face-to-face conversation. Symptom underrating has been documented in face-to-face interviews, because “of feelings of shame elicited by the loss of anonymity during face to-face interviews” leading to face-to-face denial, whereas a self-report questionnaire allows for more privacy and hence honesty while answering questions (Berg et al. 2011). This is especially key in the diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), as AN patients minimize, deny, and/or fail to recognize their symptoms (Passi, Bryson and Lock 2003).Given the benefits of collecting data online for both researchers and participants, it is important to determine the quality of the data collected online to guide its use and interpretation. More evidence is needed to confirm the equivalence of online and face-to-face interview data. The current study examines the equivalence of semi-structured interview data collected online versus original face-to-face interviews.MethodsThe Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), assessing psychopathology of eating disorders, was administered to 49 adolescents meeting ICD 10 criteria for anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa. The same diagnostic interview was administered twice, once via face-to-face and once as an online version, within a week. Method order was counterbalanced among participants and temporal stability was controlled. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was used as a control variable.ResultsBoth the equivalence test and the null hypothesis test were significant for the sum score of the EDE. Measures of psychopathology in eating disorders demonstrated equivalence across face-to-face and online format of the EDE.ConclusionsThe aim was to examine the equivalence of face-to-face and online methodologies, controlling for temporal change in the variable under investigation over one week and order of administration. Results demonstrate equivalence across face-to-face and online format of the EDE. These findings suggest that data obtained using EDE online can be interpreted in comparison with normative data obtained in the face-to-face Interview and that corrections trough transformations are not necessary.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Mediating Effect of Stress between Extracurricular Activities and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese College Students.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between extracurricular activities, stress, and suicidal ideation and to examine the mediating effect of stress between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. A total of 6446 college students were surveyed with a web-based online data collection system using the self-made demographic questionnaire, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the 21-Item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). SPSS 24.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, and the bootstrap method in the process procedure for SPSS Version 3.4.1 was used to construct the mediating effect model. Gender, school grades, living area, and family income status were influencing factors for suicidal ideation, stress, and extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities were negatively correlated with stress (r = -0.083, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (r = -0.039, p < 0.01). Extracurricular activities had no direct predictive effect on college students' suicidal ideation (c = -0.198, CI: -0.418, 0.023), while stress had a mediating effect between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation; the indirect mediating effect was 0.159. Extracurricular activities indirectly predict college students' suicidal ideation through stress. A variety of extracurricular activities can decrease the stress and suicidal ideation of college students and benefit their mental health.

Mathematics educational values of students and teachers in Imam-Hatip high schools

The study focused on the similarities and differences students and mathematics teachers have regarding values in mathematics classrooms in the same school culture. The study aimed to determine students’ and mathematics teachers’ values at Imam-Hatip high schools, a type of vocational school in Turkey. The study was carried out with students (n = 2,912) and mathematics teachers (n = 861) from Imam-Hatip high schools in seven regions of Turkey who voluntarily responded to the online data collection tools. The collected data were analysed using a latent profile analysis. As a result, students and mathematics teachers were divided into three latent profiles; however, these profiles differed according to value components. Some of the study’s key results revealed practice as the essential value component. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was the least for all teachers’ and students’ profiles, with relevance being the second least important value.

31. Workplace Bias Affecting Applicants to Independent Plastic Surgery Residencies

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors encouraged applicants to pursue independent plastic surgery residencies, as well as assess whether they faced any negative consequences or biases for this decision. Methods: Residents who applied to two academic independent plastic surgery residencies in 2021 and 2022 were emailed a 25-question survey through the online data collection program RedCap. The survey addressed respondent demographics, reasons for applying to plastic surgery, experiences with plastic surgery and experiences during general surgery residency including perceived bias regarding the choice to pursue a career in plastic surgery. Responses were collected anonymously and responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: 39 complete responses were collected (21.2%). All respondents participated in a general surgery residency, with 12.8% (5/39) having applied to integrated plastic surgery during medical school, 15.4% (6/39) completing a preliminary residency year, and 28.2% (11/39) participating in plastic surgery-focused research year(s). Participating in plastic surgery cases and interactions with plastic surgery faculty and residents were the most common reasons for applying into plastic surgery, with 76.9% (30/39) citing these experiences. 23.1% (9/39) felt their attendings and program directors were not supportive of their decision to apply to plastic surgery. 64.1% (25/39) agreed that faculty made demeaning comments or jokes about their choice to go into plastic surgery, while 25.6% (10/39) experienced this behavior from co-residents. 17.9% (7/39) reported that they developed stress or anxiety due to how co-residents and faculty treated them regarding their decision. Conclusion: General surgery residents planning to apply to independent plastic surgery residencies frequently experience lack of support from faculty/program directors, as well as endure demeaning comments or jokes that can cause additional stress and anxiety. An important opportunity exists to support independent applicants and provide mentorship.

Speech acts in appeals for social distancing and public compliance intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Government-issued communication messages are critical in resolving health problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The decision of linguistic speech acts also influences the behavior of obedient and disciplined individuals. Gender, age, and race are all predictors of social distancing compliance (Pedersen Favero, 2020). However, no studies have been published examining the form of speech acts that can control public conduct in accordance with social distancing on each of these social variables. Thus, this study examined the intention of public compliance through the pragmatic interpretation of the government’s appeal for social distancing. The present study was conducted with a cross-sectional design survey involving 1339 respondents through online data collection. The findings of this study reveal that different speech acts have varying effects on people’s intentions to follow the health protocol appeal. This study makes a theoretical contribution by demonstrating that gender, age, and education level influence the perlocutionary style of speech actions in critical health communication. These findings will aid the government in developing effective messages on health risk reduction behavior through the selection of appropriate speech acts.

UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A Patient Evaluation

The UK Medical Cannabis Registry is the largest real world data platform for medical cannabis outcomes in the UK, providing insight into clinical outcomes and monitoring safety of this novel therapy. This study aims to assess the functionality and accessibility of the online data collection platform and patient priorities for future research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. For open-ended questions an inductive thematic analysis was performed. 600 responses were recorded. 554 (92.3%) patients had used the platform. 272 (90.4%) patients believed it was easy to input medications. 52 (8.67%) patients recorded an adverse event with 38 (73.1%) finding it easy to record. 535 (96.6%) patients had completed health questionnaires with 490 (91.6%) patients finding this easy to do. 553 (92.2%) patients agreed that contributing to the registry would impact the medical care of future patients. “Assessing the impact of medical cannabis on quality of life generally” was the top research priority for 357 (59.3%) patients. This study demonstrates that most enrolled patients found the platform easy to use and believed they were positively impacting future medical cannabis patient care. Future patient research priorities included assessment of quality of life and condition-specific outcomes.

Organizational Productivity: A Critical Analysis of the Impact of Employee Motivation

Purpose: The main objective of this research was to examine the importance of training and development in the workplace. Methodology: Several dimensions of employee performance were analyzed, including productivity, job satisfaction, employee satisfaction, employee commitment, and decision-making. An adopted five Likert scale questionnaire was adopted for the online data collection from 100 respondents from the telecommunication industry. Convenience sampling was used for sampling and the PLS-SEM was the main technique for data analysis using smart PLS software. Findings: The results suggest that organizational performance and employee performance in the telecommunication sector in Pakistan increase if there is a significant relationship between employees and decision-making. Similarly, employees with a high level of job satisfaction and affective commitment will ultimately have a higher potential for productivity and career satisfaction. Conclusions: The study concluded that employee performance improves as teamwork increases. Teamwork within the company is very valuable; it directly affects the performance of employees. When an employee gets enough teamwork possibilities, his performance will automatically develop.

Application of Community Based Tourism (CBT) in the Development of Gosari Nature Tourism (Wagos) Gosari Village, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency

The tourism industry in rural areas is able to have an impact on various aspects for both the community and the government. Tourism-based community and village participation is one form of effort to increase the tourism industry. This study aims to determine the application of Community Based Tourism (CBT) in the development of Gosari Nature Tourism (WAGOS) in Gosari Village, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Community Based Tourism (CBT) is expected to play a significant role in the growth of Gosari Nature Tourism in Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency, and this research will provide an overall picture of its application in that context. Specifically, researchers used key informant data sources, places and events, and documents. Interviews, observations, documentation, and online data collection were used to collect information for this study, with the researcher acting as the main instrument integrated with the observed data sources. Data analysis techniques used are collection, data compaction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. While the validity of the data used is triangulation and reference adequacy. The results of this study found that the planning stage had been carried out properly. Then in the implementation of the distribution of the portion of the implementation of Gosari tourism development it was divided into 3 parts. As well as the impact and benefits of the establishment of Gosari tourism are felt by the community starting from small things, namely a sense of pride and friendliness towards tourists. So that the application of CBT in Gosari Tourism has been carried out properly and optimally

Combining ‘sex-as-dirty work’ and ‘CMM’ frameworks for recruiting cisgender, heterosexual men for a study on sex, sexuality, and intimacy

ABSTRACT Recruiting cisgender, heterosexual young men for research participation can be a difficult endeavour. This is more challenging with qualitative research studies that require substantial time commitment, or be of a sensitive nature, such as discussions of sex, intimacy, and emotion. These challenges can be amplified with the shift to online data collection procedures due to COVID-19. In this paper I reflect on the process of recruiting cisgender, heterosexual men for a qualitative study on sex and intimacy that relied solely on online advertising during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. I build on a critical men and masculinity (CMM) studies framework by considering a ‘sex-as-dirty-work’ approach which centres the uncomfortable practice of talking about and researching sex. I highlight the success of this approach that counters recommended best practice in getting men to participate. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of this approach, and suggestions for researchers.

Customers’ acceptance of artificially intelligent service robots: The influence of trust and culture

This study addresses two critical research gaps in human-robot interaction (HRI): the limited systematic research on the role of trust in customers’ acceptance of artificially intelligent (AI) robots; and the lack of understanding of robot acceptance under different cultural backgrounds. Drawing on the AIDUA framework, this study examines the impacts of trust and moderating effects of both national (the U.S. and China) and individual culture on customers’ intentions to use AI robots in hospitality services by developing a theoretical model. The model is tested on data collected using online data collection platforms from 491 U.S. and 495 Chinese respondents. PLS-SEM and the bootstrapping method were used to test the hypothesized relationships and analyze the moderating effects of culture, respectively. The findings suggest that trust in interaction with AI robots is a significant higher-order construct that influences the intention of use. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and power distance have been found to exhibit significant moderation effects. The results of this study extend the theoretical frameworks in HRI and provide detailed guidance to promote AI robot applications across different cultures.

Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Learners of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19 in Ghana

The COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly affected learners, and as such, adjustments need to be made for successful teaching and learning through online learning. However, in Ghana, the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic did not spare adult learners who are compelled by educational reforms to upgrade themselves academically using online learning platforms. Using a descriptive design, the study explored the perceptions and experiences of 166 (online data collection) adult learners as they pursue their academic programs through online learning. An adapted questionnaire on perceptions and online learning experiences developed by Khan, Nabi, Khojah, and Tahir (2021) was used for the data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that respondents felt confident while using online learning content but refuted that those technologies permit them to take tests and submit assignments electronically. Furthermore, the study revealed that online learning service was making the learning process very simplified. The revelation means that adult learners possess positive experiences and perceptions about online learning. Therefore, online teaching and learning in higher education institutions should be made a routine activity in Ghana even after the COVID-19 Pandemic because the world is approaching a technological world.

Reward me or charity: The impact of mobile e-commerce platforms' loyalty programme reward types on participation intention

PurposeWith the development of e-commerce, loyalty programmes (LPs) are gradually being adopted in the online retailing environment to improve consumer loyalty. This article determines the factors that affect consumers' LP participation intention on mobile e-commerce platforms to help these platforms improve their performance.Design/methodology/approachThis article focusses on LP reward types and divides them into self-oriented rewards or altruistic rewards. Two experiments are conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. After online data collection, data analysis is performed.FindingsLP participation intention with altruistic rewards is significantly stronger than that with self-oriented rewards. Perceived value plays a complete mediating role in the impact of reward type on participation intention, while a point leaderboard plays a positive moderating role in the impact of reward type on perceived value.Practical implicationsThis study’s findings can improve the design of LPs by mobile e-commerce platforms.Originality/valueThis article focusses on LPs in the online environment, a stream of research that is limited. The results also have implications for prosocial relationship marketing programmes.

Model‐Free Cooperative Optimal Output Regulation for Linear Discrete‐Time Multi‐Agent Systems Using Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, an off‐policy model‐free algorithm is presented for solving the cooperative optimal output regulation problem for linear discrete‐time multi‐agent systems. First, an adaptive distributed observer is designed for each follower to estimate the leader’s information. Then, a distributed feedback‐feedforward controller is developed for each follower to solve the cooperative optimal output regulation problem utilizing the follower’s state information and the adaptive distributed observer. Based on the reinforcement learning method, an adaptive algorithm is presented to find the optimal feedback gains via online data collection from system trajectory. By designing a Sylvester map, the solution to the regulator equations is calculated via data collected from the optimal feedback gain design steps, and the feedforward control gain is found. Finally, an off‐policy model‐free algorithm is proposed to design the distributed feedback‐feedforward controller for each follower to solve the cooperative optimal output regulation problem. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of this proposed approach.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS' SELF-CONFIDENCE IN TEACHING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Purpose – Pre-service teachers, who are practising teachers are exposed to numerous technical skills at university. Studies on the use of technology on pre-service teachers’ self-confidence are still in their infancy, despite the abundance of studies addressing pre-service teachers’ intention to utilise technology in online learning. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate pre-service teachers’ use of technology and their confidence in handling online classes effectively. Methodology – A survey was conducted on 93 teachers at two randomly selected universities in Malaysia during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-May 2020) through online data collection. A five-point Likert scale-adapted questionnaire on preservice teachers’ perceptions of technology use, effort, and confidence was administered to the respondents. The questionnaire was validated by three experts and data were analysed empirically using structural equation modelling-partial least-squares analysis. Findings – According to the study’s findings, pre-service teachers held that technology was a great tool for online instruction and that peer contact helped them broaden their understanding about teaching. Despite this, there was no significant correlation between the use of technology and pre-service teachers’ self-confidence. Nevertheless, the effort factor was found to mediate between pre-service teachers’ confidence and technology. Significance – The results of this study provide important findings; that pre-service teachers could train their minds to put forth specific effort, such as increasing their interpersonal experience to support and enhance their online teaching. This in turn could help pre-service teachers in preparing to embark on technology-related activities to enable them to work with students more frequently and to support and enhance online education.

Quality assessment of undergraduate student’s research projects in Gombe State University Library, 2014 to 2019

Analyses of students‟ researches that are conducted by universities will often indicate the direction in which a specific subject field is moving as well as regards the issue of the quality of students‟ research work. This research carried out a content analysis of undergraduate degree projects submitted by undergraduate students of Gombe State University, Gombe in all the 32 disciplines that had graduated at least a set of undergraduate students between 2014 and 2019. Through the use of Statistical Package and Service Solution (SPSS), each project was analyzed thoroughly in terms of research paradigm, research questions, research design, data collection instruments, type or form of data collected, procedures for collection, data analysis as well as presentation of results. Data were presented analyzed with frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that the largest percentage of research design employed by the students is the mixed research method that involves the use of both Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Despite the advancement of information and communication technologies in conducting researches, online method to collect data through the use of questionnaire was underutilized; this is also true of focus group. The students preferred to use hard copies of questionnaire and physically distribute to their research respondents. Moreover, despite the presence of advanced software for qualitative data analysis such as ATLAS.ti, NVivo, MAXQDA, RQDA. Hyper RESEARCH, etc. no such software was used to analyzed any qualitative data collected by the students. The study recommends that, there is an urgent need of teaching students‟ online data collection and use of various data analysis software/statistical packages in the university.