Online Data Collection Methods Research Articles

Effect of social media influencers on brand preferences through trust: Moderating role of emotional attachment

Social media influencers have gained immense attention in recent times due to increased use in the cosmetics industry. Trust and emotional attachment play a vital role between influencers and followers. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of social media influencers’ characteristics on predicting intention to buy the recommended beauty brands through trust and a moderating role of emotional attachment with influencers. A sample size of 342 respondents from Pakistan was used to empirically test the hypothesized relationships. The respondents were social media users who follow renowned celebrities on various social media platforms and buy beauty products based on their recommendations. Thus, a purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection using online and in-person data collection methods. Quantitative techniques of regression and process models were used for data analysis. The findings show that characteristics of social media influencers, such as credibility and trustworthiness, have a significant positive impact (β = 0.521, p < .05) on the intention to buy cosmetic products from a particular brand. Likewise, emotional attachment between influencers and followers strengthens the effect on willingness to buy an endorsed brand approving moderation (β = 0.584, p < .05). Trust is also an important mediator as it plays a central role between characteristics of social media influencers and intention to buy products (β = 0.411, p < .05). This study discussed the implications and future research directions while incorporating research limitations.  Acknowledgment The authors extend their appreciation to the deanship of scientific research at King Khalid University for funding this work through a large group research project under grant number (RGP. 2/554/45).

Memorable tourism experience of heritage-local food on tourist behavior: Mediating role of destination image and satisfaction

The primary purpose of this research is to find out how memorable tourism experiences influence revisit intention and recommendation intention of tourists who have visited to enjoy historical tourism and taste Rajamangsa local cuisine in Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village, with destination image and satisfaction as mediating factors. This research uses a quantitative and descriptive-analytical approach, using a 5-point Likert scale for measurement. Non-probability sampling, specifically judgment sampling, was used to collect primary data. The sample consisted of 245 tourist respondents who had visited to enjoy historical tourism and taste Rajamangsa local cuisine in Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.2.9 was used as the analysis tool. The findings of this study indicate that memorable tourism experiences directly influence destination image, travel satisfaction, local food tasting, and revisit intention when visiting Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village. In addition, destination image travel satisfaction and local food tasting partially mediate between memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention and fully mediate between memorable tourism experiences and recommendation intention of tourists in cultural tourism destinations. This research highlights the positive impact of memorable tourism experiences on revisit intentions, destination perceptions, and traveller satisfaction. The practical implications are significant for tourism management in increasing satisfaction and building a positive destination image. However, this study has limitations regarding location coverage and online data collection methods. Future research must consider geographic variation, data collection methods, and other factors influencing tourism experiences.

The Effect of Personality Traits of Healthcare Worker Candidates on their Attitudes Towards the Elderly

Background:: It is known that attitudes towards the elderly are an important variable affecting healthcare services. Considering the increasing trends of the population over 65 years in countries, it is important to determine the attitudes of future healthcare workers towards the elderly and to prepare them to serve in the health sector with activities that will lead to positive changes. In this direction, it is important to determine the effect of personality traits of prospective healthcare workers on their attitudes toward the elderly Methods:: The research was conducted using the “relational survey model”. The study was conducted with 581 prospective healthcare workers. Personal Information Form, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Kogan's Scale of Attitudes towards the Elderly were used as data collection tools. Data were obtained and analyzed using the online data collection method. Results:: According to the results of the study, it was found that the attitudes of students who were healthcare candidates for older adults were generally positive ( = 63.46±13.42). While there was a positive yet moderate and statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards the elderly and scores on the Extraversion subscale (r= 0.634, p<0.01) and a negative yet moderate and statistically significant correlation with scores on the Neuroticism (r= -0.568, p<0.01) and Psychoticism (r= -0.602, p<0.01) subscales. The personality traits extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism explained 58.6% of the attitude towards the elderly. According to the regression results, extraversion (β= 0.358; p<0.001) positively affected attitudes towards the elderly, whereas neuroticism (β= -0.310; p<0.001) and psychoticism (β= -0.307; p<0.001) negatively affected attitudes towards the elderly. Conclusions:: Given the important role of healthcare professionals in improving the care and quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve the attitudes of future healthcare professionals towards the elderly. Consideration of personality traits in determining these strategies may contribute to the development of effective and personalized approaches.

Evaluation of long term sequelae of covid-19 among survivors and their perception about the disease

The study was conducted to evaluate the emotional, cognitive and behavioral effects among COVID 19 survivors. The data was collected from April 2020 to June 2021. Simple face to face and online data collection methods were employed, a questionnaire using likart type questions was used. For data collection, five point Likert scale questionnaire was designed according to the objectives of the study. The questionnaire included questions related to cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of the COVID-19 survivors. Additionally, it also explored the perceptions of the participants about the disease. A total of 90 participants were recruited in this study. All these had confirmed diagnosis of COVID 19 on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive on nasal swab. The findings of this study indicate that most of the covid-19 survivors feel weakness, and depression after recovering from this viral disease. A considerable number of COVID 19 survivors experienced loss taste and smell for a prolonged period. According to their perception social gatherings were responsible for spread of the disease thus they strongly agreed upon lockdown strategy adopted in many countries.

PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MELALUI MEDIASI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA AHASS SHINTA MOTOR

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and corporate image on consumer loyalty through mediation of consumer satisfaction. Respondents in this study amounted to 100 people with the determination of the sample by purposive sampling method. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire which was measured using a Likert scale of 1-5 and used online data collection methods. The analytical tool used in this research is PLS-SEM with SmartPLS software. The results show that service quality has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction but service quality does not have a positive effect on consumer loyalty. Corporate image has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction but corporate image has no effect on consumer loyalty. Satisfaction has a positive effect on consumer loyalty and customer satisfaction is proven to be able to act as a full mediation between service quality on consumer loyalty and corporate image on consumer loyalty.

PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MELALUI MEDIASI KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA AHASS SHINTA MOTOR

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and corporate image on consumer loyalty through mediation of consumer satisfaction. Respondents in this study amounted to 100 people with the determination of the sample by purposive sampling method. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire which was measured using a Likert scale of 1-5 and used online data collection methods. The analytical tool used in this research is PLS-SEM with SmartPLS software. The results show that service quality has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction but service quality does not have a positive effect on consumer loyalty. Corporate image has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction but corporate image has no effect on consumer loyalty. Satisfaction has a positive effect on consumer loyalty and customer satisfaction is proven to be able to act as a full mediation between service quality on consumer loyalty and corporate image on consumer loyalty.

Exploring Digital Context and Its Limitations in Social Sciences: A Concentration on Demographic Research

This article offers significant insights from a demographic standpoint concerning the growing trend of employing online data collection tools in both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. It serves as a reminder to social scientists of the advantages inherent in quantitative data, rooted primarily in the positivist approach within demography, while also highlighting the complementary value of qualitative data. The study underscores the effectiveness of incorporating observations and contextual information while addressing potential limitations and drawbacks associated with the preference for online data collection methods. Through a critical exploration that interweaves narratives and theoretical frameworks from the realms of statistics, sociology, and demography, the research strives to cultivate a comprehensive understanding. The integrated approach's outcomes illuminate multifaceted issues, encompassing sample representativeness, data quality, validity, reliability, objectivity, analysis, and empathy, thereby revealing their potential detachment from contextual influences.

In control or at the mercy of others? Navigating power dynamics in online data collection with UK secondary school students

ABSTRACT Research involving young people is a challenging process that requires managing relationships with diverse individuals and groups, including the young participants and their various gatekeepers. While it is normally assumed that the researcher is in overall control of their research, by using a Foucauldian conception of ‘power as effects’ that operate in the form of relations and through discourse as the articulation of norms, this paper discusses how, in practice, the researcher can lose control over their research and so be forced into making substantial compromises concerning the nature and extent of the data they can collect. I do this by reflecting on my experience of conducting research involving UK secondary school students using online data collection methods during the Covid-19 pandemic. I identify several factors that generated power effects which influenced the conduct of the research, including: an ethics review that relied on a simplistic discourse concerning young participants’ (in)competence; my own self-regulation of my conduct in respect of ‘ethical’ research; my ‘positionality’ in the field; and a researcher's general dependence on participants and gatekeepers to complete their research. I conclude by reflecting on how these factors may impact upon the conditions for viable social research involving young people.

Impact of Perceived Social Support and Depression in Married Turkish Women on the Sexual Quality of Life: An Online Survey.

Sexual life is very important for people's physical health, psychological health, and reproductive health. Depression and social support are among the factors that affect the quality of sexual life. The present study aimed to determine the impact of perceived social support on the sexual quality of life and depression in married women between the ages of 18 and 49. A total of 976 married women aged 18 to 49 were included in this cross-sectional study in which an online data collection method was used Sexual Life Quality Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Beck Depression Scale, which were used as data collection tools. Statistical analysis used: Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics were used for number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as independent group t-test, correlation, and regression analysis. The "Enter" model was used in the logistic regression analysis. It was established that nearly one-third of married women aged 18-49 had low levels of perceived social support and sexual quality of life, and almost half of them experienced symptoms of depression. The quality of sexual life was 3.6 times (P = 0.001) lower in those with low social support and 1.6 times (P = 0.024) lower in those with depression. Considering the fact that women's sexual problems, low social support and depression are important predictors of sexual quality of life, special attention should be paid to increasing social support to women, handling women's sexual problems more carefully, and detecting and treating such problems.

HIV Care Profiling and Delivery Status in the Mobile Health Clinics of eThekwini District in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: A Descriptive Evaluation Study.

Mobile health clinics (MHCs) serve as an alternative HIV care delivery method for the HIV-burdened eThekwini district. This study aimed to describe and profile the HIV care services provided by the MHCs through process evaluation. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative evaluation study was performed on 137 MHCs using total population sampling. An online data collection method using a validated 50-item researcher-developed instrument was administered to professional nurses who are MHC team leaders, following ethical approval from the local university and departments of health. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results described that HIV care services are offered in open spaces (43%), community buildings (37%), solid built buildings called health posts (15%), vehicles (9%), and tents (2%) with no electricity (77%), water (55%), and sanitation (64%). Adults (97%) are the main recipients of HIV care in MHCs (90%) offering antiretroviral therapy (95%). Staff, monitoring, and retaining care challenges were noted, with good linkage (91%) and referral pathways (n = 123.90%). In conclusion, the standardization and prioritization of HIV care with specific contextual practice guidelines are vital.

INNOVATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS FOR RESEARCH IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Data collection is a very important stage in social science research. In social science research, the data collection stage is very patient and challenging. The data collection methods are an important part of the research. During the collection of data, a researcher should identify the appropriate method of data collection based on the type and source of the data. If the researcher does not use the proper data collection method, they will encounter many difficulties while gathering the data, which may have an impact on their research. Therefore, the selection of data collection methods should be done with the utmost care. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, collecting face-to-face primary data from the research population was better. But when the social distancing era started, data collection in the traditional way in the field of teacher education became a challenging task for researchers. The researchers used several online data collection methods to deal with these challenges. Therefore, in this paper, researchers tried to identify online data collection methods for conducting the study or investigation in teacher education during the COVID-19 era.

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND SELF-EFFICACY ON INTEREST IN USING PEER TO PEER LENDING AMONG MILLENNIALS

Interest in using peer to peer lending (P2P) is a drive that comes from within a person to make online loans. Along with increasing internet access and device users in Indonesia, P2P service customers also show a significant increase every year. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial literacy and self-efficacy on interest in using peer to peer lending. This study uses an explanatory design on 234 samples of millennial generation in Jabodetabek selected through purposive sampling technique with online data collection method. Data processing and analysis were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2010 software and IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 22.0. The process of coding, editing, scoring, entering and cleaning data was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. The results showed that financial literacy and self-efficacy were in the moderate category, while interest in use was categorized as low. Regression tests show that the number of dependents, types of debt loans, and attitudes towards P2P lending have a significant positive effect on interest in using P2P lending, while financial knowledge has a significant negative effect on interest in using P2P lending. The scope of research is suggested to be spread evenly from various provinces and tribes in Indonesia, so that the results obtained are more accurate and become a reference for the government to improve performance on financial technology lending.

Perception of regional and nonnative accents: a comparison of museum laboratory and online data collection

Abstract Online testing for behavioral research has become an increasingly used tool. Although more researchers have been using online data collection methods, few studies have assessed the replicability of findings for speech intelligibility tasks. Here we assess intelligibility in quiet and two noise-added conditions for several different accents of English (Midland American, Standard Southern British, Scottish, German-accented, Mandarin-accented, Japanese-accented, and Hindi-English bilingual). Participants were tested in person at a museum-based laboratory and online. Results showed little to no difference between the two settings for the easier noise condition and in quiet, but large performance differences in the most difficult noise condition with an advantage for the participants tested online. Technology-based variables did not appear to drive the setting effect, but experimenter presence may have influenced response strategy for the in-person group and differences in demographics could have provided advantages for the online group. Additional research should continue to investigate how setting, demographic factors, experimenter presence, and motivational factors interact to determine performance in speech perception experiments.

Nonlinear effects of employee engagement and satisfaction on turnover intention

PurposeThis study aims to advance the understanding of the relationships between employee engagement (EE), satisfaction and turnover intention (TI) beyond their known linear functions by providing a set of significant empirical evidence on nonlinear functions including quadratic, cubic and interactive effects.Design/methodology/approachThis study used four 2 × 2 between-subjects experiments sampling 640 hospitality sales professionals through online data collection methods. EE and employee satisfaction (ES) were examined in disaggregation into personal and organizational dimensions. Residual regression models controlling for age and gender as covariates were the main approaches for analyzing data for nonlinear effects.FindingsBoth EE and ES consistently have significant negative quadratic and positive cubic effects on employees’ TI. EE and ES have a negative interaction effect, that is, complementing each other, on TI such that the effect is more pronounced at higher levels than lower levels of EE and satisfaction.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to understand some threshold phenomena that may exist in the widely believed linear effects of EE and satisfaction on TI. Doing so may help allocate resources more effectively for EE and satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study examined the nonlinear as well as interactive nature of the relationships between EE and TI and ES and TI to expand our understanding of these relationships beyond the known linearity and add new empirical evidence to the literature.

Use of virtual meeting and survey technology to assess Covid-19-related mental well-being of healthcare workers

- Healthcare workers (HCW) throughout the world have been exposed to economic and existential stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. The American Medical Association (AMA) has documented that increased healthcare burden correlates with increased HCW stress, burnout, and psychological burden. However, limits on personnel, time, and in person interactions make it challenging to assess mental health outcomes during a pandemic. This pilot test case study used virtual technology to efficiently assess these outcomes. - Data were collected based on voluntary participation in the Coping with Covid-19 for Caregiver's survey created by AMA. The survey was sent out to approximately 300 participants who included local physicians, medical residents, medical students, and allied health professionals and students who attended a virtual Mental Health Summit. - The survey was developed by the AMA, and it included questions about demographics, overall stress, fear of infection and transmission of the virus, perceived anxiety or depression due to Covid, work overload, childcare issues, and sense of meaning and purpose. The AMA allows for up to five additional questions to be added to their survey, therefore five questions regarding support service utilization, perseverance, and resilience during Covid-19, and two items to further understand students' areas of medical interest. The survey was administered using an online platform through the AMA. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. - There were 81 survey respondents. Based on the results of the survey, "high stress" was found in 52 (64%) participants. 66 (81%) were afraid (moderately or to a great extent) of exposure or transmission, 61 (75%) described high levels of anxiety or depression, and 67 (84%) noted work overload. Despite this increase in stress, most respondents (77%) said they were not likely to reduce their devoted hours in clinical care or research in the next 12 months, and 81% answered that they would not leave their practice or research within two years. - Covid-19 has negatively affected the wellbeing of HCW. This is a similar trend seen during other times of healthcare strain. Mental health support, work modulation, and various provisions should be explored as means to reduce Covid-related negative impacts. The use of online an online summit and online data collection methods were appropriate for collecting data on the impact of Covid on mental health. This pilot study supports the larger scale implementation of this technology for health informatics research.

A Comparative Analysis of Data Quality in Online Zoom Versus Phone Interviews: An Example of Youth With and Without Disabilities

Qualitative researchers are increasingly using online data collection methods, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. I compared the data quality (i.e., interview duration, average number of themes and sub-themes, and inaudible words) of 34 interviews (29 conducted by Zoom (16 with camera on, 13 camera off) and 5 conducted by phone) drawn from a study focusing on youth’s coping experiences during the pandemic. Findings showed that phone interviews had a longer duration compared to Zoom. However, phone interviews had a similar average word count to Zoom interviews (with the camera on). Zoom interviews conducted with the camera off were shorter in duration than interviews with the camera on. The number of themes was similar across the different interview formats but there were fewer sub-themes for Zoom interviews with the camera off. The findings suggest that Zoom interviews conducted with the camera off could affect the data quality. This research also emphasizes the importance of giving participants choice in the format of their interview to allow for optimal sharing of experiences while enhancing the equity, diversity and inclusion of the participants.

The Influence of Hospital Online Healthcare Information Services on Information Adoption Intention

Based on the findings of previous studies, a new theoretical model of the influence of hospital's online healthcare information services to its elderly patients' information adoption intention was formulated, analyzed, and developed in this present study. Using an online data collection method through a self-administered questionnaire, this study made use of structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the information adoption intention of elderly patients in China. Results showed that the total effects of elderly patients' information adoption intention revolved around the quality of the online healthcare information channel and its service quality followed by the patients' cognition behaviors such as perceived ease of use and usefulness. Practical implications and recommendations for the improvement of online healthcare information services and information adoption intention in China are discussed further in this present paper.

Verification of psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19 Scale)

Objectives. Fear of the new coronavirus, as an emotional response to a pandemic situation that has plagued the world since early 2020, has many implications for the behaviour and psychological experiences of the population. To measure the fear of coronavirus a 7-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed, now successfully used in more than 20 countries around the world. This study deals with the verification of psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version of FCV-19S, focusing on its factor structure, measurement invariance with respect to gender, reliability in terms of internal consistency, and convergent validity based on structural equation modeling (SEM) and based on the relationship to related constructs of anxiety, depression, and stress.Sample and settings. Data were collected online (N=744; aged 17–78) during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in Slovakia. Along with FCV-19S, World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, Perceived Stress Scale, and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were administered to the respondents.Results. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the instrument with two subscales, Emotional and Physiological Symptoms. The FCV-19S has proven to be a gender-invariant tool, so it can be used to compare fear experiences in men and women. The results further indicate good internal consistency and convergent validity of the Slovak version of the scale.Limitations. Measurement invariance of FCV-19S across age, education or ethnic groups was not tested in the present study. The stability of the scores over time was also not examined due to the cross-sectional design. The study is limited by online data collection and convenience sampling method.

Impact of Servant Leadership on ‎Employee ‎Engagement: ‎Mediating ‎Role of Trust ‎

‎‎ The review on employee engagement shows the importance of leadership and trust. ‎Literature on leadership researchers suggest the influential ‎role of Servant leadership in ‎employee engagement. According to emerging literature, there is a scarcity of studies ‎with empirical relationships to servant leadership and employee engagement in general, ‎and in developing countries in particular. Grounded in social ‎exchange theory, the ‎purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of servant leadership on ‎employee ‎engagement. Moreover, this paper highlights the role of trust as mediating mechanism ‎among the selected variables. To test the relationship between the examined variables, ‎four hypotheses were ‎developed and validated through quantitative methodology by ‎employing structure ‎equation modelling through SPSS software. For this purpose, data ‎was collected from ‎employees working in different public sectors of Afghanistan. Data ‎collection was made ‎possible through an online data collection method with assistance of ‎google forms. Links were shared among employees. A total of 237 responses were ‎received ‎and analyzed for the proposed relationships among constructs. The results of ‎this study ‎revealed that servant leadership significantly influences employee engagement. ‎Findings ‎also show that trust positively mediates between servant leadership and ‎employee engagement. ‎

Twelve tips for conducting medical education research via videoconference

The demand for current practical advice in how to conduct research by videoconference is internationally recognised. Many researchers in medical education are transitioning to using online methods for the first time, through design or necessity. This paper aims to provide practical advice on utilising videoconference technology for research, from design to execution. The tips include how to manage important elements such as ethics approval, online etiquette, contingency planning, technology management, and data capture. Recommendations include how to promote participant engagement with online data collection methods, in some cases paralleling the literature around synchronous online learning. The tried and tested tips have been developed by the authors based on their research experience, a literature review and the results of a post-participation survey of medical students on their experiences engaging in research online via videoconference.