Online Archive Research Articles

Archives numériques et mémoire culturelle aux Caraïbes

Abstract The question of cultural memory is particularly complex in the case of the Caribbean due to its fragmented history, which has led to great cultural diversity. Created within and outside the Caribbean during the last twenty years, structured online archives have taken up the issue of dispersed memories by taking an inventory of a multiplicity of objects which testify to the diverse past of Caribbean societies. Taking Glissant’s concept of Relation as a starting point, I analyze in this article to what extent these archives contribute to the constitution of a cultural memory in terms of contents, structure as well as possibilities of participation, considering the complexity of historical and social threads woven together within and between the Caribbean territories. To address this question, I will draw on two online archives specializing in the Caribbean: The Caribbean Memory Project and the digital library MANIOC.

Service Excellence in University Archive of Universitas Indonesia

Background of the study: The increasing number of archive services with the implementation of online archive services. This increase services needs to work with excellence service in university archive. The Kanban method is a potential service management approach. This study examines the application of kanban in university archive services and what needs to be considered for its successful implementation. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and provide recommendations for improving the implementation of the kanban system in university archive services. Method: This study uses a qualitative method (Action research). Collecting data by direct observation and experience of researchers while work as an archivist. Findings: Kanban method helps service coordinators to more easily monitor archive service requests through the kanban board. It is necessary to determine the WIP according to the capacity of the service team. There is a redundant task basket that needs to be integrated into a single process. Improvement of electronic-based work culture for service division archivists in the application of digital kanban. Conclusion: Improving the quality of university archive services can be done with a kanban approach. Kanban flexibility can be applied to a variety of archive service processes. Periodic evaluation needs to be done so that the applied kanban method is more perfect.

Making collections more accessible and inclusive digitally during the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper considers the possibilities of searching and visualising collection materials at the Harry Ransom Center (HRC). In doing so, it argues that digital archival engagement is not a replacement for in-person reading room experiences, but rather enables an altogether different type of engagement with such materials. Following an analysis of the accuracy of searches in the HRC’s digital collections, the article identifies areas for improvement in increasing digital access to the HRC’s collections. Further, they reveal the misrepresentation or underrepresentation of historically oppressed groups (particularly in archives), including women, Black Americans and non-English speakers. The article concludes with recommendations for the more accurate and ethical representation of these groups in online archives.

Editorial Policy

Editorial Policy

Trends of English Language Teacher Education in Nepal

This paper envisages the history and the trend of English language teacher education in Nepal. It reflects the outcome of the content analysis available on teacher education in the context of Nepal in printed materials and through online archives chosen purposively. For this, themes like teacher education in the past, teacher education in the ICT era and opportunities of continuous professional development in the context of Nepal were developed and authentic materials and documents relevant to the English language teacher education were analyzed, organized and reflection was written based on subjective interpretation. Analysis led to the conclusion that English language teacher education has a short history with remarkable achievements through continuous improvement. The provision of teacher education made by government and other organizations are found to have helped to maintain equalities and uniformities among teachers and professionals developing their career and imparting knowledge living in sophisticated area of the city center and the remote and rural areas of the multi-topographies of the country Nepal. However, the exposure the professionals have received in the comfortable zone has boosted the potentiality of them more in comparison to the ones who have been imparting knowledge, educating poor and marginalized people and earning livelihood in the remote areas.

An augmented and interactive exhibition of an archived model for Frederick Kiesler's Endless House, 1959

This research explores the potential of an immersive and interactive online archive to enhance our understanding of historic architecture through the study of models. It reports on implementing an augmented reality mobile application that exhibits a model for the unbuilt Endless House, 1959, by Frederick Kiesler. A reflective critique, from the researcher's point of view, and initial feedback from a small sample of architecture students, provides an insight into users' experience of the exhibition, its value as a research tool, and as an educational resource. Building on existing technologies and established research methods, we present an alternative way of exhibiting a large-scaled model for public engagement and research collaboration between academics, archivists, and conservators. Results discuss the development of the mobile application with interactive features specifically designed for an architectural audience. It touches on issues associated with documenting, interpreting, and exhibiting architectural models, emphasizing accessibility, accuracy, engagement, combining 3D and 2D digital assets, and user experience. It was found that the interactive and immersive features of the exhibition enhanced the researchers' scope to spatially inspect the model, visually experience it, collaborate with others, and strengthen connections between the model and other examples of Kiesler's textual and visual archival materials.

External Validation of a Convolutional Neural Network for IDH Mutation Prediction.

Background and Objectives: The IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) status represents one of the main prognosis factors for gliomas. However, determining it requires invasive procedures and specialized surgical skills. Medical imaging such as MRI is essential in glioma diagnosis and management. Lately, fields such as Radiomics and Radiogenomics emerged as pertinent prediction tools for extracting molecular information out of medical images. These fields are based on Artificial Intelligence algorithms that require external validation in order to evaluate their general performance. The aim of this study was to provide an external validation for the algorithm formulated by Yoon Choi et al. of IDH status prediction using preoperative common MRI sequences and patient age. Material and Methods: We applied Choi’s IDH status prediction algorithm on T1c, T2 and FLAIR preoperative MRI images of gliomas (grades WHO II-IV) of 21 operated adult patients from the Neurosurgery clinic of the Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital (CCECH), Cluj-Napoca Romania. We created a script to automate the testing process with DICOM format MRI sequences as input and IDH predicted status as output. Results: In terms of patient characteristics, the mean age was 48.6 ± 15.6; 57% were female and 43% male; 43% were IDH positive and 57% IDH negative. The proportions of WHO grades were 24%, 14% and 62% for II, III and IV, respectively. The validation test achieved a relative accuracy of 76% with 95% CI of (53%, 92%) and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) through DeLong et al. method of 0.74 with 95% CI of (0.53, 0.91) and a p of 0.021. Sensitivity and Specificity were 0.78 with 95% CI of (0.45, 0.96) and 0.75 with 95% CI of (0.47, 0.91), respectively. Conclusions: Although our results match the external test the author made on The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) online dataset, performance of the algorithm on external data is still not high enough for clinical application. Radiogenomic approaches remain a high interest research field that may provide a rapid and accurate diagnosis and prognosis of patients with intracranial glioma.

AMSER Rad Path Case of the Month: Effect of Case-based Integration of Radiology and Pathology on Medical Student Education and Interdisciplinary Collaboration

Radiology and pathology are often underrepresented in undergraduate medical education. The Alliance of Medical Student Educators in Radiology (AMSER) hosts the AMSER Rad Path Case of the Month, an online archive of radiological case reports with pathology correlations submitted by medical students. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of preparing and submitting a case on medical students' educational experience. Students who had cases accepted for publication in AMSER Rad Path Case of the Month from July 2018 to December 2019 were contacted by email to request their participation in a voluntary, anonymous 22-question survey. Surveys were sent to 35 students from seven institutions. Twenty three of the 35 students (65.7%) responded. Only five (21.7%) of respondents reported having previously followed a patient case through radiology and pathology during medical school, defined as interaction with a clinician in each specialty to discuss the case. When asked about their experience with AMSER Rad Path Case of the Month, most agreed or strongly agreed it was a valuable case-based learning experience (100%). Respondents also reported high satisfaction with improved understanding of disease process, increased understanding and ability to collaborate, and increased likelihood of participating in future academic work. AMSER Rad Path Case of the Month is a valuable case-based educational experience that deepens students' understanding of disease processes while affording them an opportunity for interdisciplinary and scholarly collaboration.

CÂTEVA DATE CU PRIVIRE LA CONSTRUCȚIA, AMENAJAREA ȘI ORGANIZAREA ACTIVITĂȚII CASEI ROMÂNEȘTI LA NEW YORK WORLD’S FAIR (1939–1940). RESTITUIRI DOCUMENTARE DIN ARHIVELE NAȚIONALE ȘI ALE MAE: 1938–1939

The present text is part of a more complex research on Romania’s participation in the New York World’s Fair (1939–1940). The main objective of this research is to reconstruct the representation of Romania’s national identity at a certain point in time (1939), classifying it as one element in a series of this kind. We will also concentrate on how this representation was perceived by the public opinion of the 1930s. As such, it is not only research on cultural history and public diplomacy (external propaganda, as it was called at the time), but also on bilateral Romanian-American relations (economy, politics etc.). Last but not least, it also represents a study in imagology. This paper, the first of a series, aimed at reconstructing some of the events related to the preparations led by the officials in Bucharest charged with the country’s participation in the New York World’s Fair, for the construction of the pavilion known as the Romanian House, designed by the architect Octav Doicescu and erected for this occasion. I have brought forth information referring to the evolution of the works done at this pavilion and the difficulties encountered throughout the process, such as: changes made to the architectural design, the relation between the entrepreneurs and workers, the transportation of construction materials from overseas, the exhibitions, the negotiations for appointment of the restaurant’s manager etc. All this took place between May 1938 and April 1939. Our sources are to be found at the National Historical Archives (Saint-George’s fund and Ministry for Commerce and Industry fund) and at the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Washington fund). To those sources we have added published documents from different public libraries and on-line archives (http://www.cooperativag.ro/, http://octavdoicescu.blogspot.com/ etc.) and details brought forth by specialised literature from 1997–2018 (articles /studies on the subject by Daniel Bogdea, Nicolae Dascălu (Nicolae Ureche), Narcisa Mitu, Raluca Preotu, Zoltan Rostas, Ileana Stanca-Desa, Claudiu-Alexandru Vitanos, Laurențiu Vlad etc.).

Measured high-resolution directivities of guitar amplifiers

Guitar amplifiers comprise specialized powered loudspeakers with distinct configurations and directivity characteristics. Recently, the authors measured the directivities of six guitar amplifiers using a new measurement system. The system employs a rotating semicircular microphone array in an anechoic chamber, with 2522 unique microphone positions over a surrounding sphere (i.e., 5-deg resolution in both the polar and azimuthal angles). This presentation will describe the measurement and processing procedures and compare the measured results to those produced by theoretical directivity models. An online archival database provides easy access to the guitar amplifier data and other directivity data from the human voice, played musical instruments, and other sound sources. The data are available in several commonly used file formats and should provide valuable information for many applications, including spatial audio, architectural acoustics modeling, and microphone placement.

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Fan binding as a method of preserving fan fiction

Efforts in fan work preservation have increased in recent years, both from fan collaboration with institutional archival collections and through fan-run digital archives. Physical archival projects aimed at fan works generally limit their scope to fanzines from the mid- to late 1900s and fandom memorabilia like fan convention programs. Digital preservation in online archives allows for more comprehensive preservation of fan fiction, but fandom's history of content loss online as a result of takedowns, shutdowns, and regulation exemplifies the risks of letting fan fiction exist solely online. Fan binding, the practice of transforming fan fiction into physical books, offers another possible method of preserving fan fiction in the long term. Renegade Bindery, a community of fan binders on the online messaging platform Discord, provides a way to study how these bound fan fictions could fit into the current framework of fan work preservation efforts. Analysis of Renegade Bindery provides insight into fan binder practices and motivations, and permits theorization of how the practice of fan binding could contribute to broader efforts to preserve fan works and fandom culture.

Manhua Modernity: Chinese Culture and the Pictorial Turn

Manhua Modernity: Chinese Culture and the Pictorial Turn

Autologous versus synthetic bone grafts for the surgical management of tibial plateau fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AimsOur objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, to establish whether differences arise in clinical outcomes between autologous and synthetic bone grafts in the operative management of tibial plateau fractures.MethodsA structured search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the online archives of Bone & Joint Publishing, and CENTRAL databases from inception until 28 July 2021 was performed. Randomized, controlled, clinical trials that compared autologous and synthetic bone grafts in tibial plateau fractures were included. Preclinical studies, clinical studies in paediatric patients, pathological fractures, fracture nonunion, or chondral defects were excluded. Outcome data were assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) framework and synthesized in random-effect meta-analysis. The Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidance was followed throughout.ResultsSix studies involving 353 fractures were identified from 3,078 records. Following ROB2 assessment, five studies (representing 338 fractures) were appropriate for meta-analysis. Primary outcomes showed non-significant reductions in articular depression at immediate postoperative (mean difference -0.45 mm, p = 0.25, 95%confidence interval (CI) -1.21 to 0.31, I2 = 0%) and long-term (> six months, standard mean difference -0.56, p = 0.09, 95% CI -1.20 to 0.08, I2 = 73%) follow-up in synthetic bone grafts. Secondary outcomes included mechanical alignment, limb functionality, and defect site pain at long-term follow-up, perioperative blood loss, duration of surgery, occurrence of surgical site infections, and secondary surgery. Mean blood loss was lower (90.08 ml, p < 0.001, 95% CI 41.49 to 138.67) and surgery was shorter (16.17 minutes, p = 0.04, 95% CI 0.39 to 31.94) in synthetic treatment groups. All other secondary measures were statistically comparable.ConclusionAll studies reported similar methodologies and patient populations; however, imprecision may have arisen through performance variation. These findings supersede previous literature and indicate that, despite perceived biological advantages, autologous bone grafting does not demonstrate superiority to synthetic grafts. When selecting a void filler, surgeons should consider patient comorbidity, environmental and societal factors in provision, and perioperative and postoperative care provision.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):218–228.

Ordinary and Extraordinary Images: Making Visible the Operations of Stock Photography in Posters Against the Repeal of the 8th Amendment

The operations of stock photographs, as utilised by the Irish anti-abortion lobby, have not been examined before. Many of the ‘Vote No’ posters in the 2018 Irish referendum campaign on the 8th amendment maintained a visual and textual focus on foetal personhood: asking the Irish electorate to ‘love both,’ while deploying a range of stock photographs. In this article, I trace specific stock images used on anti-abortion posters against Repeal back to their online image bank sources. I make visible the role of generic or stereotypical photographs in anti-abortion messaging, in the knowledge that stock photographs often function best when masking their ideologies as ‘natural’ systems of belief. As global anti-abortion campaigns increasingly co-opt the arguments and look of ‘progressive’ campaigns, using ordinary rather than extraordinary photographs, global image banks seek new markets by producing feminist and gender rights-oriented stock photographs. Meanwhile, versions of the ‘classical’ images in the visual repertoire long-favoured by anti-abortion campaigns continue to be remediated. Image banks also function as de facto online archives of editorial photographs of both pro-choice and pro-life activism - yet another facet of the role of stock photography in the visual economy of abortion.

Editorial Policy

Editorial Policy

Industry influence over global alcohol policies via the World Trade Organization: a qualitative analysis of discussions on alcohol health warning labelling, 2010–19

Accelerating progress to implement effective alcohol policies is necessary to achieve multiple targets within the WHO global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the alcohol industry's role in shaping alcohol policy through international avenues, such as trade fora, is poorly understood. We investigate whether the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a forum for alcohol industry influence over alcohol policy. In this qualitative analysis, we studied discussions on alcohol health warning labelling policies that occurred at the WTO's Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee meetings. Using the WTO Documents Online archive, we searched the written minutes of all TBT Committee meetings available from Jan 1, 1995, to Dec 31, 2019, to identify minutes and referenced documents pertaining to discussions on health warning labelling policies. We specifically sought WTO member statements on health warning labelling policies. We identified instances in which WTO member representatives indicated that their statements represented industry. We further developed and applied a taxonomy of industry rhetoric to identify whether WTO member statements advanced arguments made by industry in domestic forums. Among 83 documents, comprising TBT Committee minutes, notifications to the WTO of the policy proposal, and written comments by WTO members, WTO members made 212 statements (between March 24, 2010, and Nov 15, 2019) on ten alcohol labelling policies proposed by Thailand, Kenya, the Dominican Republic, Israel, Turkey, Mexico, India, South Africa, Ireland, and South Korea. WTO members stated that their claims represented industry in seven (3·3%) of 212 statements, and 117 (55·2%) statements featured industry arguments. Member statements featured many arguments used by industry in domestic policy forums to stall alcohol policy. Arguments focused on descaling and reframing the nature and causes of alcohol-related problems, promoting alternative policies such as information campaigns, promoting industry partnerships, questioning the evidence, and emphasising manufacturing and wider economic costs and harms. WTO discussions at TBT Committee meetings on alcohol health warnings advanced arguments used by the alcohol industry in domestic settings to prevent potentially effective alcohol policies. WTO members appeared to be influenced by alcohol industry interests, although only a minority of challenges explicitly referenced industry demands. Increased transparency about vested interests might be needed to overcome industry influence. None.

Diversity in Plastic Surgery Authorship: A 14-Year Analysis of 2688 Articles Published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Publication in peer-reviewed journals is a duty and privilege. It is essential to the advancement of evidence-based medicine and often used as a proxy for academic achievement, contributing to decisions around promotion in academia. Within plastic surgery, authors have historically been male surgeons affiliated with academic institutions, lacking representation of women, private practice, medical students, and international collaboration. This study analyzes differences in authors' gender, practice affiliation, degree of education, and international collaboration in articles published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, which was chosen as the representative journal given its high impact factor (3.946) and consistent ranking as the number one journal in plastic surgery worldwide. A list of Breast, Cosmetic, and Hand/Peripheral Nerve articles published between 2006 and 2019 was compiled from the online archive of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Demographic author characteristics were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed to identify trends over time. A total of 2688 articles were analyzed. The proportion of articles written by female authors in the Breast category, authors in private practice with academic affiliation in the Cosmetic section, and U.S. collaboration with other countries increased over time (p = 0.038, p = 0.029, p < 0.001, respectively). First authors with bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees have also been contributing increasingly. This analysis revealed increasing demographic heterogeneity of authors in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery over time, with increasing contributions from women, surgeons in private practice with academic affiliation, medical students, and international collaborations. The Journal is capturing contributions from an increasingly diverse authorship, consistent with the changing demographics of plastic surgeons.

Witness statements and the technologies of memory: A conversation between Heba Y. Amin, Anthony Downey, Helene Kazan, Naeem Mohaiemen, and Susan Schuppli

Abstract Bringing together artistic and scientific modes of inquiry, Witness statements and the technologies of memory examines the impact that digital technologies have on the substance of truth and historical facts. Hosted as part of Heba Y. Amin and Anthony Downey's online symposium, which was held in conjunction with Amin's exhibition When I see the future, I close my eyes, Chapter I (curated by Downey for the Mosaic Rooms in 2020), the panel discussed the legacies of colonial power and command, regimes of memory, and the ex post facto constitution of evidence from online archives. Drawing upon the diverse backgrounds and experiences of the panellists, which included Helene Kazan (Oxford Brookes University), Naeem Mohaiemen (Columbia University), and Susan Schuppli (Goldsmiths, University of London), Heba Y. Amin (Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart), and Anthony Downey (Birmingham City University), Witness statements and the technologies of memory sought to more fully understand the impact of digital archives on historical records and evidence-gathering. Against the backdrop of indiscriminate expurgations of online material, we observe how the evidentiary potential of digital archives is compromised by the commercial imperatives of social media networks, censorship, and state surveillance. Among the many questions that arise here, the extent to which personal recollections are often presented as virtual artefacts of memory – a technology of recall or a mnemo-technics in its own right – remains central to the debate about the future of memory in our post-digital age.

TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO LIGHTING MUSEUM ARTIFACTS BY MEANS OF MODERN COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Nowadays, there is a rapid development of various web-resources that provide access to information of various kinds. Among such resources, it is possible to allocate a wide layer of cultural and historical sites and portals that display information about objects of the cultural heritage of world humanity in general, and our country in particular. Their demand has grown significantly in recent years. In the period of the pandemic and the regime of legal martial law, it is these resources that allow to display and familiarize with historical and cultural objects in an online format. Such resources include virtual museums, libraries, online archives, etc. In recent years, the function of organizing virtual throught museums and also objects of cultural heritage has gained considerable popularity. Using modern information technologies, user has the opportunity to independently build the routes of such tours, as well as view both a graphic representation of the object and its detailed description. Since historical and cultural values and heritage of civilization are presented with the help of such resources, they are not only enlightening, but also educational in nature. Their usage in educational process, as one of the main components of STEM education, allows comprehensive development of students' skills and competencies. The presented study describes a transdisciplinary approach to the modern educational and cultural sites development. Using the example of actually developed and operating web portal, innovative possibilities, methods and technologies for developing multidimensional structured information sites for presenting information about cultural heritage objects are described. The necessity and usefulness of latest cognitive technologies for improving the modern education process using cultural historical information resources is depicted.