Onion Cultivation Research Articles

Development of elements of the technology of cultivation as a repeated crop from onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings

In the Article, 10 varieties and hybrids worthy of cultivation of onions from seedlings as a repeated crop in Uzbekistan were evaluated according toeksex and recommended for planting prospective varieties. At the same time, the optimal planting periods of germination of seedlings in their exact age have been determined. The correlation between the significant signs of this crop has been proven. Scientifically-based recommendations were made to expand the cultivation of onions as a repeated crop from the seedlings of Banko F1, Daytona F1 hybrids and Prospect varieties. Elements of the technology of cultivation, such as planting periods of seedlings, schemes of plant placement and planting of leaves and rootsizini 1/3 of onion seedlings, have been improved. Recommendations for the correct selection of the age of germination according to the period of planting onion seedlings are given.

Evaluation of technology for cultivation of Kharif Onion in Sikar District of Rajasthan

Evaluation of technology for cultivation of Kharif Onion in Sikar District of Rajasthan

Technical Issues and Research Trends of Direct Sowing Cultivation of Onion in Japan

Technical Issues and Research Trends of Direct Sowing Cultivation of Onion in Japan

Determining the speed of soil particles during the covering of set onion with a disk-type working element featuring a soil guide

In Russia, the major share of vegetable products is produced during the period of March to August. This is due to the inadequate volumes of vegetables fit for long-term storage, and the use of technologies of early production of vegetable cultures. Apart from the above, vegetable farming is highly dependent on imported seed stock. In view of the above, import phaseout and improvement of competitiveness of vegetable cultures in Russia should focus on the development of technologies of production of storable products, as well as on methods of early harvesting of vegetables (during the period of May to July). With regards to the production of bulb vegetables, this problem may be solved by expanding industrial cultivation of onions from set onions, as well as planting of both seeds and seedlings during the autumn season. In particular, techniques of production of set onion, bulb onion from seedlings, and of blackseed onion have poor scientific and methodological background. This deficiency results in a gap between domestic and international process and engineering aspects. This calls for the development and introduction of machines designed for production of onion from seedlings that would be in line with the modern level of development of farm machinery industry for vegetable production.

Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns and Covering Methods on Soil Temperature of Onions Under Membrane Drip Irrigation

In order to investigate the influence of the soil temperature of onions in the West Hebei Oasis, this paper tested the soil temperature of onions in the Oasis by using the early golden dragon onion as a test material and randomly grouped it into different irrigation modes and cover methods. There were five treatments in the experiment, and the soil temperature of onion was measured in each reproductive period, and the results showed that: The most significant changes in soil temperature were found in the 5 cm soil layer, where the soil temperature was more affected by external influences, and in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers, where the soil temperature was less affected by external influences. The difference in soil temperature was not significant between full irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation. The soil temperature in the black mulch layer was higher than that in the transparent mulch layer and fine sand mulch layer at the seedling and leaf development stages, while the soil temperature in the black mulch layer was higher than that in the transparent mulch layer and fine sand layer at the bulb expansion and maturity stages.The soil temperature of the onion can be best controlled by irrigation while covering the onion with black mulch throughout the growing season, which is of great significance for onion cultivation in the Hexi Irrigation Zone.

Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns and Covering Methods on Physiological characteristics of Onions Under Membrane Drip Irrigation

In order to investigate the influence of the physiological characteristics of onions in the Hexi Corridor, this paper tested the physiological characteristics of onions in the Oasis by using the early golden dragon onion as a test material and randomly grouped it into different irrigation modes and cover methods. There were five treatments in the experiment, and the physiological characteristics of onion was measured in each reproductive period, and the results showed that: The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration all decreased with increasing amplitude of the transfer loss. Although the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration of black mulch T1 were higher than those of transparent mulch T4, there was no significant difference between the two treatments, and the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration of T1 and T4 were significantly higher than those of sand mulch T5. The physiological characteristics of the onion can be best controlled by irrigation while covering the onion with black mulch throughout the growing season, which is of great significance for onion cultivation in the Hexi Corridor.

Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns and Covering Methods on Onion Yield in the Hexi Corridor

In order to investigate the influence of the yield and water use efficiency of onions in the Hexi Corridor, this paper tested the yield and water use efficiency of onions in the Oasis by using the early golden dragon onion as a test material and randomly grouped it into different irrigation modes and cover methods. There were five treatments in the experiment, and the dry matter accumulation process of onion was measured in each reproductive period, and the results showed that: The black mulch full irrigation treatment T1 yielded 120393.45 kg⋅ha−1 with an output value of 72236.07 yuan⋅ha−1, while the black mulch moderate loss adjustment irrigation treatment T3 yielded only 61697.39 kg⋅ha−1and 37018.43 yuan⋅ha−1. The yield per square meter, irrigation water use efficiency and water use efficiency decreased with the increase of regulated deficit irrigation degree, and there was no significant difference between black film mulching and transparent plastic film mulching, but they were significantly higher than that of fine sand mulching. The onion yield and water use efficiency indexes were combined, so that the best control of yield could be achieved by covering the onion with black mulch and irrigation throughout the growing season, which is of theoretical guidance and significance for onion cultivation in the Hexi Corridor.

Field performance and storage losses of onion (Allium cepa L.) under Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal

In West Bengal (India), onions are mainly cultivated during the Rabi season. The Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal is a non-traditional onion growing belt. An experiment was conducted to study the production and storage performance of onion cultivars in this region with the broader aim of understanding the suitability of this region for commercial onion cultivation. Sixteen short-day onion cultivars were grown and assessed for their yield and storage performance during the Rabi season. Variation among the onion cultivars was noted for observed field and storage traits. Onion cultivars Agrifound Light Red, Bhima Shakti, Sukhsagar, NHRDF Red-2, Pusa white Flat, NHRDF Red-3, Bhima Kiran, and N-53 out yielded others. Average physiological loss in weight, rotting, sprouting and total loss was registered 33.6, 24.8, 1.3 and 59.7%, respectively, after 180 days of storage. Onion cultivars recorded 20.0 to 99.6% total losses after six months of storage. Cultivar Sukhsagar was found to be suitable for extended storage.

Nutritional quality of onion as influenced by irrigation scheduling and nitrogen fertigation

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important vegetable cash crop grown throughout the world. India has largest area under onion cultivation and second largest producer after China in the world. But the productivity per unit area is quite low as compared to other developed countries may be due to improper irrigation scheduling and inadequate supply of nutrients. This study investigated the influence of different levels of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on nutritional quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment comprised of sixteen treatment combinations involving four irrigation levels (drip irrigation at 60, 80, 100 and 120% CPE) and four nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen through fertigation) were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The nutrients content of onion were significantly influenced by different levels of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation. Nutritional quality of onion was significantly increased with the increasing levels of drip irrigation up to 100% CPE and nitrogen fertigation up to 125 kg/ha and then decreased with the further increasing levels of both irrigation and nitrogen fertigation in both years. The maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur content in onion bulb (2.42 and 2.51% N, 0.59 and 0.75% P, 2.63 and 2.70% K and 2.14 and 2.15% S, respectively) and leaf (1.37 and 1.37% N, 0.34 and 0.46% P, 2.02 and 1.73% K and 1.99 and 1.97% S, respectively) were recorded with the irrigation at 100% CPE in combination with 125 kg/ha nitrogen application through drip as compared to all other treatment combinations, while the minimum content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in onion bulb and leaf were recorded in treatment where the irrigation applied at 60% CPE in combination with 75 kg/ha nitrogen fertigation during both years of study.

Rice Straw and Titonia Compost Granular Formation to Improve Onion Production in Regosol

Utilization of granule compost from rice straw (JP) and titonia (T) as a nutrient enrichmen for Regosol. Regosol has low nutrient content, especially in macro nutrient then it important to incease nutrient content for Onion cultivation. This research aims to study the effect of application granular compost from rice straw and titonia to the chemical properties and onion production. The research was conducted at the Wire House and Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The level of granul compost is 0 ton / ha; 7.5 tons / ha; 15 ton / ha; and 22.5 ton / ha. The results showed that giving JP and T granule compost improved soil chemical properties such as C-organic, N-total, P-available and K-dd soil. Aplication granular compost 22.5 tons / ha increased wet weight, dry weight, number and diameter bulb.

Varietal Screening of Short Day Onions (Allium cepa L.) under Coastal Saline Area

Background: Onion is an economically important bulbous vegetable crop widely cultivated in India. Onion produced in West Bengal can only partially meet up its domestic need and thus extremely depends upon supply from other Indian States during lean period. Bringing more area under cultivation with improved varieties can boost the production and productivity of onion in West Bengal. The present situation leads to explore the scope of onion cultivation in non-traditional area. The objective of the study was to know the production and storage performance of onion varieties under Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal, with the greater aim to explore this non-traditional onion growing area in future.Methods: Sixteen short day onion varieties were evaluated in Rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 in Ramkrishna Ashram KVK, Nimpith following Randomized Block Design with three replications. Eight field parameters, three laboratory parameters and four storage parameters were studied. Result: Enough variation was noticed for different growth, yield, quality and storage attributes among the onion cultivars. The bulb yield, bulb weight, bulb equatorial and polar diameter was ranged from 62.8 to 124.5q/ha, 38.9 to 78.5 g, 32.5 to 47.6 cm and 34.7 to 47.3 cm respectively. The average TSS and pyruvic acid content was noted 12.7 ºBrix and 11.2 µmol/g respectively. After six month of storage in ambient condition, average PLW, rotting, sprouting and total losses was found 33.6%, 24.8%, 1.3% and 59.7% respectively. Among the varieties, Sukhsagar followed by Arka Niketan registered minimum storage losses of 20% and 35.1% at the end of storage period. Onion variety, Sukhsagar, Agrifound Light Red, Bhima Shakti, NHRDF Red-2, Pusa white Flat and NHRDF Red-3 were identified as top performers.

Genetic characterization of European potato onion (Allium cepa var Aggregatum G. Don) collections

Potato onions (Allium cepa var aggregatum G. Don) are multiplying or aggregating onions, very similar to shallots and have been historically cultivated throughout Europe. Currently in Northern Europe they are maintained in home gardens and ex situ field collections. Potato onions are primarily vegetatively propagated, however in Estonia, near Lake Peipsi, this species has been propagated by seed since the seventeenth century. There is increasing interest in Northern Europe in utilizing this germplasm in organic and/or sustainable farming systems. The genetic diversity and relationship between and within European potato onion collections is unclear. From historical records it is known that cultivation, exchange and trade of potato onion has occurred throughout Europe for hundreds of years. This study utilised molecular markers to assess genetic diversity, duplication of genotypes and relationships among and between Nordic, Baltic, Czech and Croatian potato onion collections. Of 264 accessions, 80 catalogued as unique had identical genotypes with one or more other accessions, and are putative duplicates. The genetic diversity within two Estonian sexually propagated accessions was comparable to that found in all of the vegetatively propagated accessions. Accessions from the Nordic countries grouped together genetically, as did Latvian and Lithuanian accessions. Croatian accessions were genetically separated. These genetic relationships suggest historical movement of potato onion germplasm in North-Eastern Europe. The results, in conjunction with other passport and characterization data, can assist in the development of potato onion core collections, facilitating the conservation and utilization of valuable potato onion genetic resources.

Biometric traits of onion (Allium cepa L.) exposed to 137Cs and 243Am under hydroponic cultivation

To elucidate the features of bioaccumulation and phytotoxic effects of long-lived artificial radionuclides, a hydroponic experiment was carried out with the cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.) in low-mineralized solutions spiked with 137Cs (250 kBq L−1) or 243Am (9 kBq L−1). After the 27-day growth period, ≈70% of 137Cs and ≈14% of 243Am were transferred from the solutions to onion biomass with transfer factor values ≈ 400 and ≈ 80, respectively. Since the bioaccumulation of both radionuclides mainly took place in the roots of onion (77% 137Cs and 93% 243Am of the total amount in biomass), edible organs – bulbs and leaves – were protected to some extent from radioactive contamination. At the same time, the incorporation of the radionuclides into the root tissues caused certain changes in their biometric (geometric and mass) traits, which were more pronounced under the 243Am-treatment of onion. Exposure to 243Am significantly reduced the number, length, and total surface area of onion roots by 1.3–2.6 times. Under the influence of 137Cs, the dry-matter content in roots decreased by 1.3 times with a corresponding increase in the degree of hydration of the root tissues. On the whole, the data obtained revealed the specific features of 137Cs and 243Am behaviour in “hydroponic solution – plant” system and suggested that biometric traits of onion roots could be appropriate indicators of phyto(radio)toxicity.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЛАБОРАТОРНО-ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МАШИНЫ ДЛЯ УБОРКИ ЛУКА

In the machine technology for cultivation and harvesting of root crops and onions, one of the most important quality indicators determining the duration of root crops storage is the presence of soil and plant impurities in the heap to be stored. The impossibility to separate soil lumps from the heap of root crops and onions is due to the fact that the majority of harvesters use slotted separating executive devices, while the inter-rod distance of the separating conveyor, in order to eliminate the loss of root crops, is made smaller than the minimum size of the separated root crop, which leads to the impossibility of their cleaning on the separating executive devices of harvesters, and, consequently, to the damage of a significant part of commercial products and loss of a significant part of the crop grown during storage. The modern technologies and technical means for harvesting root crops and onions are not capable of providing high-quality commercial products with minimal labour, due to falling behind or a lack of development of technological foundations, technologies and executive devices for harvesting root crops and onions, capable of reducing or excluding the content of soil lumps in commercial products under various soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, development of mechanization tools for harvesting root crops and onions, which would allow reducing or eliminating the content of mechanical impurities in commercial products under various soil and climatic conditions, is a scientific problem, the solution of which will contribute to the innovative development of the domestic agricultural market, Russia's stable position on the foreign market.

Assessment of cost and returns of onion growing farmers in Deogarh district, Orissa, India

Horticulture being the paramount importance to the Indian economy and also provide way for diversification and also generate employment to a vast workforce in Indian agriculture. Further the horticulture provides ample opportunity for the advancement of production techniques. Onion being an important horticulture crop with maximum production comes from the Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh but Orissa also cultivate onion on 333189 hectares during both season with net production of about 3.95 lakh MT in 2016 as per agricutlture statistics 2016-17, Orissa also latest NSSO survey estimated that annual requirement of onion in state is 2.32 lakh MT. It shows the production is more than the requirement so a large surplus goes in waste (Gulati, 1994). Keeping the economic view of onion production in Orissa, Reamal block of Deogarh district which contributed about 90 per cent production of onion crop to the district. Due to high cost of inputs and ignorance about improved practices general farmers cannot use the advanced technology judiciously. So, the present study took the issue of cost and return on different onion grower’s farms. The primary data were classified and tabulated in the light of stated objectives of the study and analyzed as per the suitable statistics and economic tools as follows: The estimates of profitability were based on different costs and returns incurred in onion cultivation like cost A, B and C concepts. Cost studies shows that average cost of cultivation is Rs. 40423 per hectare and the bullock labour employed in onion cultivation is a major source of expenditure in total cost of cultivation. While gross income able to cover the cost which made Benefit Cost Ratio 1.94 which means the onion cultivation is beneficial for the farmer in Deogarh district of Orissa.

Economic analysis of onion seed production in Washim district of Vidarbha region

The present study is undertaken to study the economics analysis of onion seed production in washim district of Vidarbha.The study was based on primary data. Primary data of 90 farmers pertaining to the year 2018-2019 were collected from three villages and functionaries involved in onion seed procurement chain producer, seed company, retailer were selected for collecting information. The onion seed production is taken on small scale but it contributes sizable share in total earning of the cultivator. However, yield and profit from onion seed cultivation is uncertain because it is very sensitive, it require special attention. To study the economics of onion seed production, the standard cost concepts were used. In estimation of cost of cultivation, seed, rental value of land, human labour and interest on fixed capital were the major cost items.The gross cropped area was highest in large group i.e. 8.28 hectare followed by medium 5.27 ha and small group 2.93. The cropping pattern of onion seed was dominated by soybean, cotton and tur in Kharif season whereas gram and wheat was Rabi season. In Rabi season the contribution of area under onion seed was 12.62, 12.52 and 12.31 per cent by small, medium and large farmers. Per hectare total cost of cultivation of onion seed was highest in the medium group i.e. Rs. 167967.3 per hectare followed by large group Rs. 166102.74 and small group Rs.165161.53.The benefit cost ratio of onion seed at cost ‘C3’ was 1.70 in small group, 1.76 in medium group and 1.78 in large group.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RESPON PETANI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN TEGAL

<p>Environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology in the onion development area in Central Java is one of the innovations to produce safe products and good quality seeds so that it will have a high competitiveness in the face of free markets such as the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). However, this innovation to be implemented by all shallot farmers should be disseminated with the aim of accelerating the transfer of technological innovation to users (farmers, extension officer, and rural communities). The purpose of this research is: (a) to know the farmer's response about environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology and (b) to know determinant the factors of the farmer's response to the cultivation of environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology. Bottom of Form This research was conducted in 2016, in Tegal district, Central Java province with a sample of onion farmers. The analytic description method has been used in this research as the basic method, while the sampling method is purposive sampling on 40 onion farmers from 4 (four) sub districts of Kramat, Dukuh Turi, Bojong, and Margasari. Several data analyzes in this study include: proportion test for hypothesis 1 and multiple linear regression analysis for hypothesis 2. In this study the final results used proportional analysis proved that many onion farmers (> 50%) in Tegal district have good response about the activities of environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that farming time and farmer age significantly influenced farmer's response about environmentally friendly green onion cultivation technology, while education level significantly did not significantly (α = 0,05).</p>

Soil water availability alter the weed community and its interference on onion crops

Agricultural practices act as an ecological filter of weeds, selecting those more adapted to the agrosystem. The stress conditions due to cultivation preparations shape the weed community, influencing the productive performance of the crops. Among these practices, irrigation can directly affect the establishment of some weeds, and a better-adapted community can intensify the degree of interference with agricultural cultures. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the weed community caused by two irrigation systems (high and low rates of water application) over three onion seasons, and how these changes affect the yield and efficiency of irrigated onion. The γ-, α-, and β diversity pf weeds was altered by onion cultivation over the three seasons. The irrigation system with a higher water supply (micro-sprinkler) favored diversity and weed richness, especially during the second cultivation year, compared to the system with water restriction (drip irrigation). Under the micro-sprinkler system, transition of the weed communities among years took place gradually. The higher level of stress created by drip management stimulated the dominance of Digitaria horizontalis. Non-control of weeds at 12 and 24 days after crop emergence reduced the onion crop yield. Besides that, this reduction in productivity indices was aggravated by the greater weed diversity under the micro-sprinkler system (high water supply). Under drip irrigation (low water supply), dominance intensify the competition of the weed community on the onion crop yield. The density of weeds and C4 species negatively affected onion growth under drip irrigation.

A Study of Production and Marketing of Onion in Nuh District of Haryana

Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the important commercial vegetable crops grown in India. The present study was conducted on the basis of highest production of onion in Nuh district of Haryana. The block named Tauru was selected for sampling and a total of sixty onion farmers from various villages in this block were selected for this study. The primary data for the agriculture year 2017-18 was collected by survey method using conducting personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The results revealed that the estimated total cost, gross return, net return, and B:C ratio of onion cultivation were `139968, 188485, 48517 and 1:1.35 per hectare, respectively. There was seasonal variation in price of onion due to its semi-perishable nature and immediate post-harvest sales by the growers. The study revealed that direct marketing of onion was found most profitable in Channel–IV: Producer-consumer among all other marketing channels due to the non-existence of intermediaries between the producer and ultimate consumer.

IMPORTANCIA DEL EMPAQUE PARA LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE LA CEBOLLA EN RAMA (ALLIUM FISTULOSUM) EN BOYACÁ

Due to the economic potential of the department of Boyacá in relation to the cultivation of Green onions (Allium fistulosum) or junca which is 195,358 tons, corresponding to 67.4% of the total production of the country. The implementation of adequate packaging in order to preserve the vegetable for longer, minimizing transport damages and providing added value by expanding its markets while conserving its organoleptic characteristics, is relevant for the productive sector of the department of Boyacá. The objective of this article is to provide information about current post-harvest processes implemented by producers, evidencing the possible losses of the vegetable caused by the handling observed in the field works carried out in the municipality of Aquitania Boyacá. And also the packaging alternative using modified atmosphere technology and the advantages of its implementation for the sector. The implemented methodology consist of collecting information in primary and secondary bibliographic sources such as scientific articles, web platforms and field visits made directly to the crops in cooperation with the association named Parcela as a source of participant observation. As a result, it was observed a minimal use of package and packaging by producers and their preference for traditional practices that do not allow to generate value to the harvested product, limiting to marketing and sale in storage centers or intermediaries. The packaging technology using modified atmosphere is important for preserving the product. In this way it extends its lifetime, minimizes the loss of quality and conserves its organoleptic characteristics; Likewise, this package reduces damages caused by transportation. these implementations contribute to a considerable improvement in its production chain adding value to the product.