Ongoing Violence Research Articles

The Melodramatic Mode in Poetic Activism: An Analysis of María Rivera’s “Los muertos” and its Afterlives

In this article I examine María Rivera’s “Los muertos” (2010), a poem about ongoing violence in Mexico that has been included in the activist repertoire within the context of the state-led “War on Drugs”. I use an interdisciplinary approach to analyse, on the one hand, how the poem has approached this violence in the country and, on the other hand, how the poem has been taken up anew by other artists and/or activists: by the Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad, by Luis Felipe Fabre in “El poema de mi amiga” (2013), and by Violeta Luna in the political performance “Requiem for a lost land” (2016). In particular, I investigate the melodramatic mode as one of the catalysing elements in relation to the unique impact of “Los muertos”. Through a close reading of the poem, in combination with an analysis of its afterlives, I want to cast light on the changing meanings and roles that both the poem and its melodramatic underpinnings have assumed in different contexts: meanings and roles which reveal, in turn, the multiple political potentials of the original text.

The Plunder of Maqdala: Ethical Concerns Around Belongings and Ancestral Remains in Museums

During the colonial period, museums did not just passively benefit from the plunder of human remains and culturally sacred items. When Britain sent a punitive military expedition to Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) in 1863, it was accompanied by Richard Holmes, a staff member of the British Museum, whose purchase of loot from the expeditionary force institutionalised the plunder of cultural heritage. His inclusion in the expeditionary force was carefully planned, though the belongings he took — mainly manuscripts, religious items and emblems of power belonging to the Ethiopian royal family — were not the intended focus of his participation. Whilst the UK’s 2004 Human Tissue Act had a beneficial impact on the treatment of human remains in museums, objects belonging to colonised people are often still positioned as artworks or artefacts, evidencing ignorance of the deep personal and spiritual links that connect them back to their communities of origin. This article draws on our professional experience of curation and research in museums and libraries, as well as the impact of ICOM’s new Museum Definition on our practice. Joint research on the Maqdala expedition led us to question assumptions about the legacy of empire in museums and to scrutinise unexpected connections in the history of museum collections. This article addresses the problematic relationship between collecting and imperial power, the false dichotomy between ‘artefacts’ (belongings) and ‘human remains’ (ancestors) and the need to decolonise collections through further research and the recognition of ongoing cultural and physical violence.

Policy and protocol in Indigenous theatre projects: Hul’q’umi’num’ voices, consensus and relationality

ABSTRACT Indigenous peoples across Turtle Island, including what is known as Canada, have experienced the traumatic effects of colonisation that have deeply impacted the ability to share language and culture with younger generations. While funding and who it is from is an ongoing struggle for many arts-based practitioners, it is particularly problematic in offering ‘solutions’ for Indigenous communities in Canada with the ongoing colonial violence and injustice perpetuated by the government and funding institutions. In this article, a collective of Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors discuss decision-making processes, consensus-based policies, and document the ways performance creation assists these processes through protocol and policy.

A syndemic born of war: Combining intersectionality and structural violence to explore the biosocial interactions of neglected tropical diseases, disability and mental distress in Liberia.

The intersections between NTDs, disability, and mental ill-health are increasingly recognised globally. Chronic morbidity resultant from many NTDs, particularly those affecting the skin-including lymphatic filariasis (LF), leprosy, Buruli ulcer (BU) and onchocerciasis-is well known and largely documented from a medicalised perspective. However less is known about the complex biosocial interaction shaping interconnected morbidities. We apply syndemic theory to explain the biosocial relationship between NTDs and mental distress in the context of structural violence in Liberia. By advancing syndemic theory to include intersectional thought, it is apparent that structural violence becomes embodied in different ways through interacting multi-level (macro, meso and micro) processes. Through the use of in-depth qualitative methods, we explore the syndemic interaction of NTDs and mental distress from the vantage point of the most vulnerable and suggest that: 1) the post-conflict environment in Liberia predisposes people to the chronic effects of NTDs as well as other 'generalised stressors' as a consequence of ongoing structural violence; 2) people affected by NTDs are additionally exposed to stigma and discrimination that cause additional stressors and synergistically produce negative health outcomes in relation to NTDs and mental distress; and 3) the impact and experience of consequential syndemic suffering is shaped by intersecting axes of inequity such as gender and generation which are themselves created by unequal power distribution across multiple systems levels. Bringing together health systems discourse, which is focused on service integration and centred around disease control, with syndemic discourse that considers the biosocial context of disease interaction offers new approaches. We suggest that taking a syndemic-informed approach to care in the development of people-centred health systems is key to alleviating the burden of syndemic suffering associated with NTDs and mental distress currently experienced by vulnerable populations in resource-limited settings.

Transitional Justice as Repression and Resistance

Abstract Transitional justice practices in the Arab World have unfolded in ways that both reinforce the value of the critical turn in transitional justice while also underscoring its limitations. Used as both a tool of repression and of resistance, transitional justice practices in the Arab World mark a significant development in the field by expanding its dynamic processes across time and space. Ongoing violence and the resurgence of authoritarian rule have necessitated a transitional justice process that aims to help deliver on the revolutionary objectives of the Arab uprisings themselves: to uproot decades of structural oppression and authoritarian rule. This article begins with a brief review of the critical turn in transitional justice and how it presents questions, limitations, and opportunities with regard to key transitional justice practices in the Arab World. Next, it will examine how such practices have made the state and its institutions as object of transitional justice as opposed to its enforcer. The article will then address the potentials of universal jurisdiction as a transitional justice strategy that has just as much to do with a broader political project, such as weakening an authoritarian regime, as it does with the narrower goal of putting regime officials on trial. Finally, I argue that transitional justice in the Arab World is a tool of resistance to colonial and neo-colonial powers, making it an important engine of Third World Approaches to International Law praxis.

Dismantling the master's house: Decolonizing “Rigor” in psychological scholarship

AbstractThe purported goal of social science research is to develop approaches and applications to the psychological study of social issues that allow us to know, accurately and inclusively, the lived experiences of all human beings. However, our current theoretical and methodological tools, while perceived as “objective,” were founded on ahistorical and context‐eliminating perspectives that privilege research designs and analytic strategies that reflect biased racial reasoning with roots in European colonial knowledge formations. By analyzing how the language of “rigor” is deployed within specific instances of social science research, we assert that it is conceptualized and operationalized to maintain a Eurocentric worldview and conception of the “human.” In exploring the ways that the language of “rigor” furthers a European conception of knowledge production as normative, this manuscript provides a critical analysis that seeks to redress ongoing epistemic colonial violence by decolonizing a key term in psychological scholarship.

Rhetoric, Reality and Racism: The Governance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers in a State Government Health Service in Australia.

In northern Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers (A&TSIHWs) are unique members of nominally integrated teams of primary care professionals. Spurred by research documenting ongoing structural violence experienced by Indigenous health providers and more recent challenges to recruitment and retention of A&TSIHWs, this study aimed to explore whether the governance of the A&TSIHW role supports full and meaningful participation. The qualitative study was co-designed by a team of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous collaborators. Data collection comprised document review and interviews with A&TSIHWs (n=51), clinicians (n=19) community members (n=8) and administrators (n=5) in a north Queensland health district. We analysed governance at multiple levels (regulatory, organisational, and socio-cultural) and used critical race theory to deepen exploration of the role of race and racism in shaping it. Governance of the A&TSIHW role occurs within a health system where racism is built into, and amplified by, formal and informal rules at all levels. Racially discriminatory structures such as the previous but long-standing relegation of A&TSIHW into the same career stream as cleaners were mirrored in discriminatory rules and managerial practices such as an absence of career-specific corporate support and limited opportunities to participate in, or represent to, key leadership groups. These interacted with and helped perpetuate workplace norms permissive of disrespect and abuse by non-Indigenous professionals. Ongoing resistance to the structural violence required of, and demonstrated by A&TSIHWs speaks to the gap between rhetoric and reality of governance for A&TSIHWs. Strengthening governance to support A&TSIHWs requires critical attention be given to the role of race and racism in regulatory structures, organisational practice, and inter-professional relationships. Addressing all domains will be essential to achieve systemic change that recognises, supports and embeds the unique knowledge, skills and functions of the A&TSIHW role.

Association between post-traumatic stress symptoms and functional health among internally displaced people in Myanmar.

INTRODUCTION: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are individuals forced to leave their homes and move within their country. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are prevalent in this population. To investigate trauma symptoms and functional health of IDPs in Myanmar and identify the factors associated with their functional health according to the presence/absence of PTSS. This cross-sectional study included 201 IDPs who completed a questionnaire on functional health, PTSS, resilience, social support and hope. The analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression with interaction analyses. Over one-third of the participants had PTSS, with low functional health scores. The greater the resilience, the better the functional health. The higher participants' PTSS, the poorer their functional health. There was a significant interaction between resilience and PTSS. Tailored resilience-building programs, as well as health policies and services, are needed to enhance IDPs' functional health and help them overcome PTSS. Psychological first aid should be provided to minimize PTSS experienced in situations of ongoing conflict and violence. Mental health nurses should be trained to assess IDPs' health status and tailor interventions accordingly.

Youth on the Frontlines: Preventing Human Rights Abuses in Violent Contexts, A Case Study of LUCHA in the DR of Congo

ABSTRACT∞ Increasingly, transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms are implemented in contexts of ongoing violence where youth are often perceived as victims or perpetrators of human rights violations. This reductionist conceptualization of youth is problematic for understanding the diverse identities of youth in contexts where large-scale human rights violations occur. It also obscures the positive roles of youth as non-State actors in advancing human rights accountability and preventing the recurrence of specific human rights violations. This article explores how youth participation in LUCHA—a countrywide youth movement born from Goma (North Kivu) that advocates for greater political and civic involvement of Congolese—influences youth understandings of justice and contributes to the non-recurrence of specific human rights violations. Using collective participation as a conceptual lens and semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted in 2015 and 2021 with LUCHA activists, the article contends that overemphasizing State actors eclipses non-State actors’ roles—including youth-led peace and justice initiatives in areas where State actors are inexistent or have weakened legitimacy. The article’s central claim is that ignoring the nexus between youth participation and justice understandings, particularly in contexts of ongoing violence, limits TJ’s full potential to unfold in these contexts. By zooming in on the TJ pillar of Guarantees of Non Recurrence (GoNR), the article is an invitation to further interrogate youth’s roles in TJ contexts and expand the field’s toolkit to accommodate their unique contributions.

Extractivist States: Contesting and Negotiating the “Commodities Consensus” in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Across Latin America

Extractivist States: Contesting and Negotiating the “Commodities Consensus” in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Across Latin America

The Consequences of Conflating Trans-ness and Vulnerability

The Consequences of Conflating Trans-ness and Vulnerability

The boundaries between complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters and post-migration living difficulties in traumatised Afghan refugees: a network analysis

BackgroundPsychological distress due to the ongoing war, violence, and persecution is particularly common among Afghan asylum seekers and refugees. In addition, individuals face a variety of post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs). Complex posttraumatic stress symptoms are among the most common mental health problems in this population, and were associated with the overall burden of PMLDs. The complex interplay of posttraumatic symptoms has been investigated from a network perspective in previous studies. However, individuals are embedded in and constantly react to the environment, which makes it important to include external factors in network models to better understand the etiology and maintaining factors of posttraumatic mental health problems. PMLDs are a major risk factor for posttraumatic distress and considering their impact in interventions might improve response rates. However, the interaction of these external factors with posttraumatic psychopathological distress is not yet fully understood. Thus, we aimed to illuminate the complex interaction between PMLDs and CPTSD symptom clusters.ObjectiveThe main objective is the exploration of the network structure and the complex interplay of ICD-11 CPTSD symptom clusters and distinct forms of PMLDs.MethodThe symptom clusters of CPTSD and PMLDs were collected within a randomised controlled trial among 93 treatment-seeking Afghan asylum seekers and refugees via a fully structured face-to-face and interpreter assisted interview. Using a network analytical approach, we explored the complex associations and network centrality of the CPTSD symptom clusters and the PMLD factors: discrimination & socio-economical living conditions, language acquisition & barriers, family concerns, and residence insecurity.ResultsThe results suggest direct links within and between the constructs (CPTSD, PMLD). Almost all PMLD factors were interrelated and associated to CPTSD, family concerns was the only isolated variable. The CPTSD symptom cluster re-experiencing and the PMLD factor language acquisition & barriers connected the two constructs. Affective dysregulation had the highest and avoidance the lowest centrality.ConclusionsRe-experiencing and affective dysregulation have the strongest ties to PMLDs. Thus, these domains might explain the strong association of posttraumatic psychopathology with PLMDs and, consequently, prioritization of these domains in treatment approaches might both facilitate treatment response and reduce burden caused by PMLDs.

“Sounds about White!”: countering the erasure of Asian American scholars in critical Whiteness studies

As the field of critical whiteness studies (CWS) grows, some white scholars argue that only whites should undertake the study of whiteness. Other white scholars acknowledge the contributions of scholars of Color to the academy, yet rarely draw on the scholarship of authors of Color to push the field to grow. This commentary critiques these phenomena by tracing the scholarly lineage of CWS and highlighting Asian American scholars’ theorizing of whiteness. It concludes with a bilingual poem to illustrate how Asian American scholars can counter both the exclusion of their voices in CWS and the ongoing violence against the Asian Diasporas as escalated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Artistic Practices as a Site of Human Rights: How Performative Ethnography Can Facilitate a Deeper Contextual Understanding

AbstractThere has been, in the past two decades, more scholarly attention for how rights-holders understand human rights norms, and how these understandings interact with pre-existing notions of (social) justice. This attention for rights-holders’ lived experiences can be linked to the growing influence of socio-legal and legal anthropological perspectives, as well as to that of emancipatory research methods, such as participatory action research. What these perspectives and methods have in common is their interest in how people experience and express their rights in practice, and how they give meaning to them. Remarkably little attention, however, has been paid to the question of how we try to understand this process of meaning-making. The dominant modes of engagement tend to (a) emphasize the spoken or written word, and (b) presume—the possibility of—an accessible verbal narrative. The shortcomings of engaging exclusively on the basis of verbal language becomes clear when considering the lived experience of certain particularly vulnerable groups, such as displaced people who are coping with ongoing violence and trauma or who have been forced into silence for years. Not everyone can speak freely about their lived experience or can tell a coherent story about it, and adopting an—exclusively—word-driven engagement strategy may reproduce existing power relations. Based on preliminary fieldwork with refugees from Syria in the Shatila refugee camp, we argue that a performative ethnography rooted in collaborative making and artistic practice is a promising way to engage with and understand how people make sense of their lived experience, as it allows research participants to express themselves using those (skilled and artistic) practices most familiar to them. We reflect on how a practice-driven mode of engagement may shed a different light on how people make sense of questions related to justice and their rights.

Burden of the Beast

Burden of the Beast

Guest Editors’ Introduction—Visionary Praxis: Paule Marshall’s, Ntozake Shange’s, and Toni Morrison’s Foresight concerning Sick Violence and Violent Sickness

This introduction provides an overview of the special issue that focuses on the interconnections of Black women’s literary studies with the crises of COVID-19 and ongoing anti-Black violence. More specifically, it considers how the work of three renowned writers, Paule Marshall, Ntozake Shange, and Toni Morrison—which collectively spans over fifty years—offers models for how to reimagine our current circumstances and create more just futures in our national and global communities. The essay identifies and expounds on the overarching question of the special issue: how does the work of Marshall, Shange, and Morrison speak to contemporary affairs and concerns? By engaging this question, this collection of essays offers new insights about these women’s writing in particular and expands the corpus of scholarship on Black women’s writing in general. In the aftermath of the passing of these writers, a collective reappraisal of their oeuvres is a timely and fitting tribute, as each of their bodies of work reveals that they long have engaged concerns about Black people’s encounters with systemic barriers that have laid the foundation for the current twinned crises of anti-Black violence and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19.

Infinite Parking Lots

Infinite Parking Lots Kathryn Marie Dudley The question before us, it would seem, is where we are when there's no there there. That is how Gertrude Stein formulates everybody's autobiographical dilemma upon discovering that the place where they came from no longer exists as the place where they once were.1 Encounters with vacancy, we could say, produce perplexity and affective shock. They can induce startling moments of confusion in our embodied movement through space and time. In Stein's case, the jolt was precipitated by a confrontation with the specter of an office park occupying the site in Oakland, California where her childhood home once stood. An event like this, we might suppose, would be hard to miss. But Stein being Stein is who she is because she noticed it. Not everybody does. And there, it seems to me, is intrigue of an anthropological kind. The contributors to this volume have all, each in their own way, noticed the vacancies of late liberalism. They not only notice them but also dwell in the affective break of that shock—that space on the roadside that lies beside, beyond, and underneath imperial desires to condemn and bypass the debris produced by centuries of hubris and ongoing violence.2 This mode of inhabiting the noticed unnoticed—this ethnographic attunement—affords us an instructive opportunity to reflect on the disorienting and reorienting affects that vacancy instantiates. To be agitated by sites of vacancy is [End Page 465] to experience them as uncannily animating and transformative—and not necessarily in a for sale or rent sort of way. Sites of vacancy can arouse us as happenings in their own right. Contrary to the enterprising figure of vacant real estate as a blank slate upon which to scrawl the signs of restoration or renewal, these breaks in the landscape can be said to seethe with struggles over hegemonic regimes of value. If the jack-o-lantern grins of abandoned Main Streets could speak, they would surely say that resale and profitable flipping are never inevitable. No matter how toxic or venerable their histories, vacancies introduce question marks into scenarios of boom, bust, and redevelopment as usual. Whether they become host to community gardens, convention centers, prisons, or encampments of the evicted, the lacunae of accumulation by dispossession resist both the knee-jerk nostalgia of empire's ruins and the historical erasures of capital's boosters.3 In vacancy's gaps—between densely storied pasts and yet-to-be-authored futures—ghostly matters emerge, alerting us to wavering presents in filling our about-to-be-exhaled breath with premonitions of a divergent otherwise.4 It is this—this placement in the midst of things—that gives vacancy, as a situated analytic, traction in my imagination. It echoes Brian Massumi's voicing of a Deleuzian muse to start our inquiries in the middle of transitions from one state of being to another rather than at putative beginnings or ends.5 With all due respect to Gertrude, this vantage point highlights the space-time in between residential bungalows and commercial office parks. These interludes, in contrast to whatever precedes or follows, beckon us toward ever-present histories and futurities that are not yet—and may never be—realized. Vacancy, in other words, situates us where we are now and asks us to wonder: What is here here? And the longer we stay in this place of wonderment, the more surprising the answers can become. Not long ago, I confronted the figure of a parking lot in the least likely of places. I was talking to a desert advocate about habitat fragmentation on public lands in the American West. We were discussing a quarter-million-acre span of high desert that lies between two federally designated antelope sanctuaries. Wild lands and wildlife, I learned, are faced with perils far in excess of the ubiquitous barbed-wire fencing around livestock allotments and the relentless expansion of oil, gas, and mineral mining. More elusive, but ever-intensifying, are the horrors of anthropogenically induced drought, wildfire, and life-extinguishing riparian blight. In these [End Page 466] fragile ecosystems, the Anthropocene's fallout does not land equitably on all multispecies worlds...

Pushed Out: Contested Development and Rural Gentrification in the US West by Ryanne Pilgeram

Reviewed by: Pushed Out: Contested Development and Rural Gentrification in the US West by Ryanne Pilgeram Jennifer K. Ladino Ryanne Pilgeram, Pushed Out: Contested Development and Rural Gentrification in the US West. Seattle: U of Washington P, 2021. 194 pp. Hardcover, $99; paper, $30. Even if you have never been to Dover, Idaho—or to its better-known neighbor, Sandpoint—you might recognize its story: a small town in the US West, built on the expulsion of Indigenous peoples and resource extraction, turns to real estate development to survive in a changing economy. In Dover’s case, the timber mill that had sustained the community for decades closes down, giving way to an elite housing development, which sociologist Dr. Ryanne Pilgeram dubs (following protocols in her discipline) “Mill Lake.” The question at the heart of Pushed Out is: Why would longtime residents [End Page 81] of Dover vote for this change when the costs—loss of access to natural places they’d long loved, rising housing costs that don’t raise their own property values, and a town fraught with socioeconomic rifts—don’t seem worth it? Pilgeram spent her formative years in Dover, and she tells its story with sensitivity, nuance, and grace, as well as an evenhandedness that treats the town both as a particular place, with particular people, and as a microcosm of broader changes in the West, a cautionary tale that scales across the region. The title, Pushed Out, seems misleading at first, since this isn’t a story about out-migration; most residents of “old Dover” still live there. Rather, it speaks to the way some voices are “pushed out of conversations about how the land can or should be used” (24). The title thus reflects the book’s attention to the constraints on the agency of small-town residents in rural areas. Pilgeram’s book refuses the trend in rural sociology of overrepresenting the amenity migrants—those who acquire first or second homes in economically depressed areas like Dover and bring their financial and cultural power with them—and instead focuses on the quieter voices of residents who have watched their town change before their eyes. Pilgeram’s diligent work interviewing several dozen residents and coding the data pays off in this riveting polyvocal narrative that honors individual stories and resists demonizing any single “bad actor.” If there’s a villain in this book it’s capitalism, particularly the way this economic system colonizes space and delivers economic, environmental, and social benefits to a select few at the expense of most everyone else. Pilgeram frames this boom-and-bust tale with David Harvey’s “spatial fix,” a theoretical concept she simplifies (but not reductively) in ways that make her narrative as accessible as it is engaging. The use of historical materialism to approach economic, social, and environmental changes in the West is a compelling way to conceptualize the region’s conflicts and tensions—from dispossession of the Kalispel peoples and ongoing settler violence, to robber barons, to extractive industries, to growing class tensions in rapidly gentrifying “New West” towns. I haven’t seen WLA scholars deploy Marxian geography in quite this way. Also interesting for WAL readers is Pilgeram’s discussion [End Page 82] of Mill Lake as a “simulacrum for an American West that never existed” (7). The quest for a romantic “Rocky Mountain lifestyle” (14) revealed in this real-life town’s story resonates with fiction by writers such as Mary Clearman Blew (Jackalope Dreams) and Percival Everett (Grand Canyon, Inc.), as well as with certain Annie Proulx short stories. Pushed Out is, of course, nonfiction, and it speaks to urgent changes in the contemporary West. Rural Idaho is growing at a breathtaking pace, and many towns are already facing similar challenges as Dover. Pilgeram’s book offers an important message: there’s nothing natural or inevitable about capitalism as we know it. While I wish she’d gone on to more fully envision alternatives—the final pages felt like a teaser for what could have been a longer, more extensive vision—the book’s closing reminder that we can imagine, and enact, different futures is a hopeful and necessary one. Jennifer...

Freedom Dreaming of Abolition in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Pacific Perspective on Tiriti-based Abolition Constitutionalism

The global resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in May 2020 led to an unprecedented reckoning with the racism within Aotearoa New Zealand’s police and prison systems. For Pacific peoples, this led to reflections on the racism of the police during the dawn raids of the 1970s and the racist police violence that Pacific peoples and Māori continue to face today. Notably, when the state apologised for the dawn raids in August 2021, it failed to acknowledge, let alone make amends for, this ongoing racist violence. Therefore, as a Pacific abolitionist legal scholar, in this article I argue that Pacific peoples and wider society in Aotearoa New Zealand must hold the state to account for the inherent racism of not only the police, but prisons as well. Specifically, I argue that we must ‘freedom dream’ ( Kelley 2002 , np) of police and prison abolition by supporting calls by Māori and other criminal justice advocates to achieve abolition through constitutional transformation premised on honouring te Tiriti o Waitangi. In making this argument, I draw on Black American abolitionist legal scholar Dorothy Roberts’ concept of ‘abolition constitutionalism’, which challenges abolitionists to grapple with whether abolition can be achieved within existing constitutional frameworks ( Roberts 2019 , 122). Accordingly, I offer a Pacific perspective on Tiriti-based abolition constitutionalism which further develops the case for why abolition cannot be achieved within current constitutional arrangements within which te Tiriti o Waitangi has long been, and will continue to be, undermined by Parliament.

The Need for a Black Feminist Climate Justice

The Need for a Black Feminist Climate Justice