Ongoing Technological Changes Research Articles

The STAR Compass to Guide Future Pharmacovigilance Based on a 10-Year Review of the Strengthened EU System.

This article reflects on the 2010 pharmacovigilance legislation of the European Union (EU). Its legislative aim of better patient and public health protection through new responsibilities for pharmaceutical companies and regulatory bodies is considered to have been achieved and is well supported by the good pharmacovigilance practices 'EU-GVP'. For future progress, we set out a vision for high-quality pharmacovigilance in a world of ongoing medical, technological and social changes. To deliver this vision, four principles are proposed to guide actions for further progressing the EU pharmacovigilance system: synergistic interactions with healthcare systems; trustworthy evidence for regulatory decisions; adaptive process efficiency; and readiness for emergency situations (the 'STAR principles'). Like a compass, these principles should guide actions for building capacity, technology and methods; improving regulatory processes; and expanding policies, frameworks and research agendas. Fit for the future, the EU system should achieve further improved outputs in terms of safe, effective and trusted use of medicines and positive health outcomes within patient-centred healthcare.

The STAR Compass to Guide Future Pharmacovigilance Based on a 10-Year Review of the Strengthened EU System.

This article reflects on the 2010 pharmacovigilance legislation of the European Union (EU). Its legislative aim of better patient and public health protection through new responsibilities for pharmaceutical companies and regulatory bodies is considered to have been achieved and is well supported by the good pharmacovigilance practices 'EU-GVP'. For future progress, we set out a vision for high-quality pharmacovigilance in a world of ongoing medical, technological and social changes. To deliver this vision, four principles are proposed to guide actions for further progressing the EU pharmacovigilance system: synergistic interactions with healthcare systems; trustworthy evidence for regulatory decisions; adaptive process efficiency; and readiness for emergency situations (the 'STAR principles'). Like a compass, these principles should guide actions for building capacity, technology and methods; improving regulatory processes; and expanding policies, frameworks and research agendas. Fit for the future, the EU system should achieve further improved outputs in terms of safe, effective and trusted use of medicines and positive health outcomes within patient-centred healthcare.

Effectiveness of Incorporating Film Adaptations in EFL Literature Courses: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia

line with the recent and ongoing technological changes in Saudi Arabia, which place greater emphasis on cinema and film adaptations, this study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating films and visual media into literature courses on students’ understanding of and motivation towards literary texts. The participants were 41 fourth-level female students in the Department of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. The treatment group (n=21) read Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House (1879) and watched the adapted film, whereas the control group (n=20) was asked to only read the play and discuss it in class. The findings revealed that the treatment group performed better in terms of answering questions about play after watching the film adaptation. It is suggested that incorporating film adaptations into literature courses has a positive impact on English as a foreign language students’ understanding of assigned literary texts. This research adds a new case study to the expanding literature. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. KEYWORDS English language, literary texts, motivational tools, students’ comprehension, teaching methods, visual media

Surveying the landscape of Human-Centric Manufacturing in Lombardy: insights from the practices and perspectives of Italian enterprises

The ongoing technological changes raise the need for socially sustainable paths of digital innovation, putting technology at the service of humans positioned at the centre of production processes. Indeed, in digital factories, where increasingly complex and high-performance models and technologies are strongly considered, humans have been almost neglected. In that sense, Industry 5.0 recognizes worker well-being as a driver for the transition toward smart factories. However, human-centric manufacturing is still an early-stage concept, thus lacking standardized terminology and frameworks. The development of a shared understanding is also hindered by stakeholders being concerned about job displacement, costs, or uncertainty about the benefits. This article aims to bridge that gap by mapping the state-of-the-art of several Italian companies in terms of technology readiness and human friendliness, thus providing best practices and solutions to foster the technological transition required by Industry 5.0 and the development of trustworthy human-machine synergies. A specific survey questionnaire was developed to evaluate the digitalization level of companies in terms of funds destination, technology development, and integration with operators. The data gathered through the survey allowed the definition of a model that highlights a general attitude toward innovation and human centrality, even though the latter still results far from maturity.

Space without Time and Time without Space in Education

Aims: The objectives of the article are three-fold: first, to show that space and time are interrelated when teaching and learning is considered, creating the need to examine space and time in an integrated and inter-dimensional framework; second, to propose an integrated approach to the concept of space-time as a useful teaching and learning issue, allowing us to unmask the true time-space consideration in education; and third, to argue for the relevance of analyzing the concept of space-time (S-T) as a paramount issue in the research on teaching and learning. Study Design: Due to the ongoing societal and technological changes, the S-T is changing extremely fast and new conceptualizations are required in order to examine how such evolving space-time approaches can operate as a tool for teaching and learning. This paper provides such a conceptualization. Methodology: This article should be considered as a theoretical contribution to how the existing conceptualization of space-time in education should be redefined to address emerging teaching and learning paradigm shifts, which have an impact on its consideration and use. As a theoretical paper it does not follow the traditional approaches of research papers (i.e., provide: exact methodology, collection of data, analysis and conclusions based on the analysis). Results: It has been established: first, that in education the spatial domain is not defined by the classroom, while the temporal domain is not defined by the lessons’ timing; second, space and time are multi-dimensional, which have an impact on how space-time should be considered; and third, the S-T has evolved from a four-dimension (space: x, y, z; time: t) consideration to a multi-dimensional and later on to an inter-dimensional concept, demanding an integrated approach to teaching and learning.

Pengaruh Manajemen Talenta Terhadap Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Era Digital

Currently, globalization has entered the digitalization era, where digitalization has become one of the most important factors in organizational life. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the use of technology in HR strategy and planning. This article explains how to apply talent management to develop human resources in this digital era. The method used in writing this article is using the literature review method, which searches databases from various reference sources such as journals, books and necessary data related to talent management. Effective talent management includes not only managing traditional human resources, but also focusing efforts on developing digital skills, identifying talent that fits digital initiatives, and creating a culture of innovation. Flexibility, mobility and giving employees greater responsibility have become important elements in successful talent management in the digital era. The use of technology also plays a key role in talent management with tools and data analytics that support better decision making. Regular evaluation and employee engagement are important aspects in ensuring successful talent management. Effective talent management will help companies remain competitive and ready to face ongoing technological changes.

Reasons for the increase in cyber attacks: analysis of technical and non-technical factors

This article presents an analysis of both technical and non-technical factors contributing to the growth in volume and diversity of cyber attacks. Social interaction on the Internet contributes to the increased frequency of cyber attacks and exacerbates destructive consequences that extend beyond technical aspects, impacting societal and personal realms. Software errors, vulnerabilities, and deficiencies in network protocols pose a persistent security threat, particularly amidst the rising number of connected devices and the complexity of managing critical systems. The dynamic nature of attacks and evolving penetration methods make cyber threats highly adaptable to the conditions of the modern network environment.Furthermore, the expanded use of social media and the virtualization of social life bring increased comfort but also provide fertile ground for cyber attacks, amplifying the volume of accessible information for potential malicious actors. The heightened technical proficiency of attackers equips them with new tools for breaching digital security. Concurrently, inadequate awareness and careless user behavior online jeopardize the protection of personal and confidential data.This work demonstrates that cyber risks escalate due to both ongoing technological changes and human actions. Understanding the dynamics of these factors becomes critically important for developing more effective measures to safeguard the digital environment.

국내 관광산업 생태계 네트워크 분석

The tourism industry is undergoing rapid structural changes due to economic, technological, and social transformations. This study aims to identify the structure and characteristics of the domestic tourism business ecosystem using corporate data. Employing the business ecosystem theory and social network analysis techniques, the influence of key companies and the connectivity between companies are examined. The findings reveal several important insights. First, the analysis of connection centrality indicates that the travel business and the Korea Tourism Organization are core companies that engage in extensive interactions within the ecosystem. Contrary to previous studies categorizing public institutions as secondary stakeholders, this research demonstrates their high influence as core companies within the tourism industry. Second, proximity and centrality of prestige analyses highlight that companies involved in aviation and passenger transport hold top ranks. These transportation-related companies exert rapid and significant ripple effects within the ecosystem. Furthermore, the study identifies the tertiary supply chain through ego-network analysis of key companies such as Korean Air, Hana Tour, and Hotel Lotte. It reveals the involvement of various industries beyond tourism, including system and application software development, supply chain management, and telecommunication sales. This empirical insight provides a glimpse into the digital transformation occurring within the tourism industry. Based on these results, the study puts forth academic and policy implications for the development of a healthy tourism business ecosystem. Understanding the flow within the tourism industry and its interactions with related industries is essential for adapting to ongoing economic and technological changes, thereby fostering a sustainable and competitive tourism sector.

Enhancing Digital Technology Education for School Children

Enhancing digital technology education for school children has become imperative in the rapidly evolving digital era. This abstract provides an overview of the importance of digital technology education, outlining its goals, benefits, and implementation approaches. It emphasizes the need to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge to responsibly and effectively navigate the digital realm. The role of educators in designing directed and innovative learning experiences using digital technology is discussed, along with the significance of collaborative learning, creativity, and problem-solving in a technological context. Moreover, this abstract underscores the importance of integrating digital ethics, online security awareness, and privacy protection within digital technology education. By adopting this comprehensive approach, children can develop robust digital literacy skills, enabling them to adapt to ongoing technological changes and tackle challenges and opportunities in our digitally-driven world. This research further highlights the implications and suggests future investigations to gain a deeper understanding of the impact and long-term effects of digital technology education on school children, providing valuable guidelines and recommendations for educators, schools, and stakeholders to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency.Highlight:
 
 Digital technology education enhances cognitive skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities among school children.
 It fosters creativity through the use of digital tools, allowing children to engage in digital art, design, and creative projects.
 It promotes collaboration and communication, enabling teamwork and idea-sharing through collaborative tools.
 
 Keyword:
 Digital Technology Education, School Children, Cognitive Skills, Creativity, Digital Ethics

Enhancing Digital Technology Education for School Children

Enhancing digital technology education for school children has become imperative in the rapidly evolving digital era. This abstract provides an overview of the importance of digital technology education, outlining its goals, benefits, and implementation approaches. It emphasizes the need to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge to responsibly and effectively navigate the digital realm. The role of educators in designing directed and innovative learning experiences using digital technology is discussed, along with the significance of collaborative learning, creativity, and problem-solving in a technological context. Moreover, this abstract underscores the importance of integrating digital ethics, online security awareness, and privacy protection within digital technology education. By adopting this comprehensive approach, children can develop robust digital literacy skills, enabling them to adapt to ongoing technological changes and tackle challenges and opportunities in our digitally-driven world. This research further highlights the implications and suggests future investigations to gain a deeper understanding of the impact and long-term effects of digital technology education on school children, providing valuable guidelines and recommendations for educators, schools, and stakeholders to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency.Highlight:
 
 Digital technology education enhances cognitive skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities among school children.
 It fosters creativity through the use of digital tools, allowing children to engage in digital art, design, and creative projects.
 It promotes collaboration and communication, enabling teamwork and idea-sharing through collaborative tools.
 
 Keyword:
 Digital Technology Education, School Children, Cognitive Skills, Creativity, Digital Ethics

Анализ динамики развития рынков интеллектуальных товаров и услуг в российских регионах

Introduction. The development of science and technology in recent decades, the active introduction of innovations and ongoing technological changes have significantly influenced economic processes and led to the emergence of a post-industrial economic system with a predominance of the Quaternary knowledge-intensive sector of the economy. Theoretical analysis. The development of intellectual activity and the expansion of the intellectual production sphere change the quality of the economic system itself. In modern economy, the development of markets for intellectual goods and services leads to qualitative changes in traditional sectors of the economy, which makes it important to study their development dynamics. Еmpirical analysis. Based on empirical data from 85 Russian regions for 2014–2021, an integral indicator of the development level of regional markets for intellectual goods and services was calculated using nine indicators that characterize the most large-scale knowledge-intensive sectors of knowledge generation in regional economies: educational services, innovations and information technologies. Results. The dynamics of the development of regional markets for intellectual goods and services as a whole is determined, and the unevenness of their development and a high degree of differentiation are revealed. The “disconnection” of regions with a high level of development of knowledge-intensive sectors from each other hinders the formation of an even innovation space and the spread of a high-tech way of life, the effective transfer of knowledge, technology, information and economic growth in general. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to analyze changes in the educational services market, when conducting research on the innovative and informational development of regions, predicting qualitative and quantitative trends in the development of markets for intellectual goods and services.

Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Industry 4.0 in Jordan: Public Shareholding Manufacturing Companies Perspective

Industry 4.0 (the fourth industrial revolution) involves swift and ongoing technological changes affecting industries and societies because of advanced automation, communication and data exchange, and global connectivity. While its implementation is necessary for organizational success in the face of international competition, many challenges arise with its opportunities. This research is an investigation of the challenges (employee qualification, employee acceptance, organizational, and production fit) and opportunities (strategic, operational, environmental, and social) in the implementation of Industry 4.0 in public shareholding manufacturing companies in Jordan. A questionnaire-based approach for primary data collection with analysis via Smart-PLS was taken. The results revealed that organizational and production fit challenges, strategic opportunities, operational opportunities, and environmental and social opportunities are positively associated with Industry 4.0 implementation, while employee qualification and acceptance challenges are negatively associated. The study explained that there is not enough knowledge about Industry 4.0. This study offers guidance for establishing regulations related to Industry 4.0 implementation by removing challenges and adopting opportunities. Also, this study is an approach for further research about the development of communications in Jordan and global connectivity.

Audience Anthropology: New Dimensions

Based on the analysis of numerous opinions of researchers, media experts, media managers and journalists, the article describes and evaluates the modern features of the audience in its communications with the media, which are attributed to the ongoing political, economic, socio­cultural and technological changes.

Review: Women’s Voices in Digital Media: The Sonic Screen from Film to Memes, by Jennifer O’Meara

Review: <i>Women’s Voices in Digital Media: The Sonic Screen from Film to Memes</i>, by Jennifer O’Meara

Pathway to Green Transformation in Lithuania: Biogas Production from Manure and Waste

Green transformation at the beginning of the 21st century occupies the top positions in modern society’s sustainability transition research and policy debates due to its multiple propositions of various innovations, addressing the still unsolved issues of rapidly on-going societal and technological changes. Rooting from the general climate change concerns, recently, sustainability transformation has become a special focus in the EU, which is facing new and very concrete demands—to elucidate the evidence-based pathways towards the green transformation with European Green Deal and European Climate Law targets ahead. The main aim of this research is to disclose the pathway towards the green transformation in Lithuania in one of the fast-growing research fields of circular bioeconomy—biogas production from manure and waste. To reach this aim, a hybrid methodology approach was used. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, document analysis and structuring, stakeholder mapping, interviews, and statistical analysis methods had been applied. Research results gave evidence for one of the five proposed possible ways for green transformation in Lithuania—the regime transformation. Interviewed stakeholders repeatedly defined this as the most probable pathway for green transformation in Lithuania in the field of biogas production from manure and waste, considering the best suitability of the current development state in the field: adjustments of existing industries, skills, regulations, and institutions.

Mobile Nuclear-Hydrogen Synergy in NATO Operations

An uninterrupted chain of energy supplies is the core of every activity, without exception for the operations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A robust and efficient energy supply is fundamental for the success of missions and a guarantee of soldier safety. However, organizing a battlefield energy supply chain is particularly challenging because the risks and threats are particularly high. Moreover, the energy supply chain is expected to be flexible according to mission needs and able to be moved quickly if necessary. In line with ongoing technological changes, the growing popularity of hydrogen is undeniable and has been noticed by NATO as well. Hydrogen is characterised by a much higher energy density per unit mass than other fuels, which means that hydrogen fuel can increase the range of military vehicles. Consequently, hydrogen could eliminate the need for risky refuelling stops during missions as well as the number of fatalities associated with fuel delivery in combat areas. Our research shows that a promising prospect lies in the mobile technologies based on hydrogen in combination with use of the nuclear microreactors. Nuclear microreactors are small enough to be easily transported to their destinations on heavy trucks. Depending on the design, nuclear microreactors can produce 1–20 MW of thermal energy that could be used directly as heat or converted to electric power or for non-electric applications such as hydrogen fuel production. The aim of the article is to identify a model of nuclear-hydrogen synergy for use in NATO operations. We identify opportunities and threats related to mobile energy generation with nuclear-hydrogen synergy in NATO operations. The research presented in this paper identifies the best method of producing hydrogen using a nuclear microreactor. A popular and environmentally “clean” solution is electrolysis due to the simplicity of the process. However, this is less efficient than chemical processes based on, for example, the sulphur-iodine cycle. The results of the research presented in this paper show which of the methods and which cycle is the most attractive for the production of hydrogen with the use of mini-reactors. The verification criteria include: the efficiency of the process, its complexity and the residues generated as a result of the process (waste)—all taking into account usage for military purposes.

Fostering Digital Competencies Among the Absent

Most people in modern working life are exposed to new technologies and by implication information overflows and expectations of continuous learning. Ongoing technological changes demand constant updating of competencies, such as digital literacy, but how is technologizing work viewed by those temporarily absent from work? Metacognitive worries over technologized work were explored among the employees laid off, on a study leave, or on a sick leave. Individuals on an extended sick leave were more likely to have negative metacognitions than those who were absent for another reason. Self-efficacy in learning new technologies and the perceived capability to handle information overflow are metacognitions that should be acknowledged in an attempt to reintegrate employees back from long-term sick leaves. The findings also imply that worries over performing in technologized work are associated with lower perceived work ability. Recommendations emphasise briefing absent employees about possible technological changes and supporting digital competencies and literacies of the returning ones.

The phenomenon of data diplomacy: key terms, research methodology, and current challenges

The key goal of this research lies in presenting the basic terminology and structure of the phenomenon of data diplomacy, as well as in forming the methodological framework based on the empirical manifestations of data diplomacy in the modern context. The subject of this article is the examination of the three semantic concepts of data diplomacy: &amp;ldquo;data in diplomacy&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;diplomacy for data&amp;rdquo;, and &amp;ldquo;data for diplomacy&amp;rdquo;, as well as the possibilities of their intersection and interaction for achieving political goals. Using the Russian and international political examples, the author describes the manifestations of these concepts in diplomatic practice. The relevance of data diplomacy emerges due to the ongoing technological changes, which provide new instruments and capabilities for traditional diplomacy. The existing gap between the emergence of new technological instruments, namely those related to big data, and their implementation in the traditional diplomacy of any country, requires deliberate attention and development of methodology that allows determining the key trends in transition from traditional diplomacy to data diplomacy. The main results of the conducted research consists in the formation of a framework for studying data diplomacy, as well as outlining the key legal, ethical, and technological challenges and problems of using big data and their impact upon the role and work of a diplomat, as well as interaction of various actors in the international relations. This brings novelty into the Russian scope of works on digital diplomacy, since the aforementioned framework of data and definition of the key challenges based on it have not been previously reflected in the Russian research.

Behavior of Online Prosumers in Organic Product Market as Determinant of Sustainable Consumption

The article focuses on the specificity of the behavior of modern prosumers in the market for organic products as a determinant of sustainable consumption. The strengthening of the pro-consumer relationship is made possible thanks to ongoing technological changes, especially the development of the Internet. It is thanks to our online activities and the opinions of other Internet users that pro-consumer decisions concerning online purchases are shaped. The article presents the results of empirical studies conducted in 2020 on a sample of 664 respondents using a questionnaire, while the survey results were developed using SPSS Statistics. Findings of research showed the willingness of consumers for prosumption and kind of behaviors that were most often among the research group. In the course of research proceedings, it was possible to define factors that dispose declarative prosumers for the purchase of organic products. Conducted analyses also allowed for building the model of the influence of individual characteristics of respondents on the index of prosumption.

Разработка концепции подготовки кадров для геопространственной индустрии в рамках сквозных технологий цифровой экономики

The article describes the difficulties of training personnel for a dynamically developing geospatial industry (geoindustry). The authors analyzed the current state of the geoindustry based on scientific publications, industry reports, opinions of workers and industry leaders, highlighted its key technological elements, such as geographic information systems, remote sensing of the Earth, including laser scanning technologies and survey from UAVs, GNSS- and BIM technologies, sensor systems. It is noted that technological changes entail the transformation of the classical sections of cartography, which include thematic mapping. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the scientific and methodological foundations for a number of sections of cartography and to update the strategy of educational activities in the field of cartography and geoinformatics. New elements in the work of a specialist in the field of cartography and geoinformatics, associated with the use of geosciences, functions of geostatistics, artificial intelligence technologies, which appeared as a result of a significant increase in the volume and variety of available spatial and nonspatial data are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the ongoing technological changes, tasks that must be solved by specialists in the geospatial industry are formulated, a conclusion about the need for educational programs to correspond to the technological level of the geoindustry is drawn. The concept of education for the geospatial industry is proposed, which includes the development of professional standards, as well as bachelor and master programs. The experience of participation in the development of the professional standard “Specialist in cartography and geoinformatics” is presented. The elements of the developed educational programs for bachelor degree 05.03.03 “Cartography and geoinformatics” and master’s degree 05.04.03 “Cartography and geoinformatics” are presented, a list of professional competencies and logical structure of blocks of disciplines are presented.