Ongoing Staff Training Research Articles

Digital transformation as a driver of financial sector development

Digital transformation has become one of the main driving forces behind the development of the financial sector, fundamentally changing its structure and functioning. Modern innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud services, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, and blockchain, provide opportunities to introduce new approaches to managing financial processes, helping to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer service. Digital platforms allow banks and financial institutions to automate routine processes, increasing productivity and reducing transaction processing time. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a positive catalyst for an accelerated transition to digital financial solutions. The closure of physical bank branches and the restriction of social contacts have forced consumers and institutions to rethink their approaches to financial services. As a result, mobile applications, online banking and electronic payment systems have become an integral part of everyday life. Financial institutions have quickly adapted to the new environment by offering customers convenient and secure ways to interact, which has contributed to the growth of trust in digital service channels. However, along with the benefits of digitalization, the financial sector faces a number of challenges. In particular, cybersecurity issues are becoming increasingly relevant as the amount of data stored and processed in digital format grows. Protecting confidential information and ensuring the security of financial transactions requires institutions to invest heavily in modern security systems and ongoing staff training. In addition, the rapid development of technology is outpacing the regulatory framework, which may lead to legal uncertainties and increased risks for market participants. Financial institutions implementing digital solutions face the need to restructure their business models to remain competitive. This requires investing in the latest technologies, developing partnerships with Fintech companies, and shifting to new approaches to customer interaction. Innovative financial products, such as automated investment platforms, digital currencies, and mobile payments, are becoming the basis for the future development of the sector, providing convenience, accessibility, and an individualized approach to customer service. At the same time, digital transformation is creating new opportunities for economic growth, increasing the competitiveness of financial institutions and facilitating integration into the global economy. Research in this area allows us to better understand the impact of digital technologies on economic processes and develop strategies to maximize their potential. Prospects for further development of the digital financial sector include improving data analytics processes, enhancing customer service, and strengthening regulatory frameworks to ensure the safety and soundness of financial systems. The article discusses the main trends of digital transformation, its impact on the financial sector and strategic approaches to overcoming the challenges faced by market participants in the digital era.

Evaluating the global landscape of suicide helpline services: a global survey across 105 countries.

Suicide helpline services (SHSs) are viewed as an essential part of suicide prevention. In the context of increased demand experienced by the services through the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced funding, we aimed to evaluate such services to help assess their effectiveness and resilience. This multinational cross-sectional survey, conducted from Sept 1, 2022, to Feb 28, 2023, evaluated SHSs in 150 countries. Local collaborators created an SHS directory, and a 42-question questionnaire was distributed via Survey Monkey through Find A Helpline and local collaborators. A team of experts, including individuals with lived experience, helped shape the research questions and study design. We did descriptive statistical analysis of answers to the questions, and data were further analysed using the Bayesian Model Averaging method to predict managers' or supervisors' low overall satisfaction with the service (MS-LOSS). The study involved 446 responses from 105 countries for descriptive statistics. 354 (79·4%) of 446 services had insufficient funding, 249 (55·8%) had post-COVID-19 budget reductions, and 278 (62·3%) observed a sharp rise in suicide help requests during the COVID-19 pandemic. 420 responses were used for finding the optimal logistic model, which had an area under the curve of 0·679, indicating that pre-service training for volunteers was significantly associated with a reduction in MS-LOSS (odds ratio 0·16 [95% CI 0·07-0·31]; p<0·001), as was having a quality assurance structure (0·15 [0·02-0·70]; p=0·030). Higher MS-LOSS was associated with staff training only every 2-3 years instead of one or more times per year (2·87 [1·23-6·85], p=0.016) and with dilemmas with providing services in severe cases (1·68 [1·06-2·68]; p=0·028). Global SHS reports indicate that both pre-task and ongoing training for volunteers and staff, coupled with a quality assurance structure, could decrease MS-LOSS. Our findings emphasise the need for training for volunteers, continuous training programmes for staff, and on-site support for individuals at risk of suicide. RSTMH Small Grants Award 2021, UK NIHR, and MEXT.

Exploring the Benefits, Barriers and Improvement Opportunities in Implementing Automated Dispensing Cabinets: A Qualitative Study

Technology has increasingly influenced the provision of healthcare services by enhancing patient safety, optimising workflows, and improving efficiency. Large healthcare facilities have adopted automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) as an advanced technological solution. A key gap exists in understanding the ADC implementation experience in different contexts. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this literature gap by exploring key stakeholders’ perspectives on the benefits, barriers, and improvement opportunities related to ADCs, offering valuable insights to support their effective integration across various healthcare settings. This qualitative study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The implementation of ADCs generally has positive outcomes for all staff. The system has brought about enhanced medication tracking, greater time efficiency, along with reduced workload and medication errors. However, there are barriers to their implementation, including changes in workflow and workload distribution, cabinet design, technical medication management challenges, and the need for staff training. To maximise the effectiveness of ADCs, healthcare organisations should focus on improving operational workflows, providing ongoing staff training, and maintaining robust system monitoring. Additionally, manufacturers should focus on advancing technology to further enhance the efficiency and functionality of ADCs.

ANALISIS STRATEGI CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT DALAM MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA BISNIS DEARLY CAKE

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies in building customer loyalty at Dearly Cake. CRM is an essential approach to enhancing customer relationships, maintaining satisfaction, and creating sustainable loyalty. This study uses a qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique to dig deeper into the CRM strategy implemented by Dearly Cake, the factors that influence its effectiveness, and the challenges faced in the implementation process. The results show that Dearly Cake successfully builds customer loyalty through effective communication, personalized service, and consistent product quality. However, challenges such as limited human resources and suboptimal customer data management hinder the maximum implementation of CRM. The study provides recommendations to enhance technology usage in customer data management and ongoing staff training to support more effective CRM implementation. It is expected that this study will provide insights for other businesses aiming to improve customer loyalty through effective CRM strategies.

The Role of Infrastructure, Technology, and Financial Resources in Enhancing the Organizational Capacity of the Inspectorate in Central Mamuju Regency

This study investigates the organizational capacity of the Inspectorate of Central Mamuju Regency, focusing on the critical roles of infrastructure, technology, and financial resources. Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, the research draws upon in-depth interviews with nine key informants, including the Inspector, auditors, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that the Inspectorate has made significant strides in enhancing its infrastructure, adopting advanced technologies, and implementing robust financial management practices. These capacity-building efforts have contributed to improved efficiency, productivity, and public trust in the institution's ability to promote good governance and combat corruption. However, the study also identifies opportunities for further strengthening organizational capacity, such as continued investments in infrastructure upgrades, staying abreast of emerging technologies, and regularly updating financial management procedures. The research highlights the need for ongoing staff training and development to optimize the utilization of these resources. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of exploring additional dimensions of organizational capacity, such as human resource management, leadership effectiveness, and stakeholder engagement, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Inspectorate's strengths and challenges. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to enhance the Inspectorate's capacity and its contributions to good governance in Central Mamuju Regency.

Complications and Prevention in the Use of Central Venous Catheter: A Nursing Approach

Introduction: Hospital acquired infections represent a serious problem for healthcare systems, increasing morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. According to the World Health Organization, up to 15% of patients in low- and middle-income countries contract infections during hospitalization, highlighting the need for preventive measures. Central Venous Catheters (CVC), although indispensable in the management of critically ill patients, are associated with infectious complications that constitute 14% of nosocomial infections, mainly bacteremia and sepsis.Development: CVCs are medical devices designed to administer substances directly into the bloodstream, being essential in treatments such as transfusions, parenteral nutrition and administration of irritant drugs. However, their use can generate mechanical, infectious and thrombotic complications. These complications are often associated with the lack of standardized protocols, inadequate biosafety practices and insufficient training of healthcare personnel. The review highlighted that infections are preventable through aseptic techniques, such as hand washing, use of sterile barriers, and proper cleaning of the insertion site and catheter connections.Conclusions: Successful prevention of complications associated with CVCs requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes ongoing staff training, implementation of evidence-based protocols, and use of monitoring tools such as checklists. These strategies not only ensure patient safety, but also reduce costs and improve clinical outcomes. The adoption of these practices is essential to optimize the quality of care in critically ill patients

Ensuring drug safety in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka

Background: Medication safety is a fundamental component of patient safety, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Colombo South Teaching Hospital (CSTH), a major tertiary care institution in Sri Lanka, recently transitioned from a paper-based to a computer-based health information management system in its Outpatient Department (OPD) to improve medication safety and operational efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of these interventions on drug safety. Methods: This interventional study employed a pre- and post-implementation analysis at CSTH. The study combined qualitative methods, including focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, and direct observations. Participants included medical officers, pharmacists, patients, and hospital administrators. Data collection focused on challenges in the previous paper-based system, the features of the new computer-based system, and improvements in medication safety. Results: The previous paper-based system exhibited several challenges, such as illegible handwritten prescriptions, limited access to prior patient records, and lack of continuity in treatment plans. Pharmacists faced difficulties interpreting prescriptions, which affected patient counseling and drug dispensing efficiency. The newly implemented computer-based system addressed these issues effectively. Key improvements included: Accurate and Clear Prescriptions: Standardized and comprehensive prescriptions minimized errors. Patient Record Accessibility: Enhanced access to medical histories and allergy information facilitated safer prescribing practices. Medication Safety Initiatives: Pre-packed drugs, detailed labeling, and alert systems for look-alike and sound-alike drugs significantly reduced medication errors. These interventions improved patient safety, operational efficiency, and adherence to clinical governance principles. Discussion: The e-based system has demonstrated measurable benefits, aligning with global patient safety objectives. Enhanced prescription accuracy, reduced drug-related errors, and improved patient satisfaction underscore the system's effectiveness. Recommendations: Scaling these interventions across other healthcare institutions in Sri Lanka and integrating them into national policies is recommended. Regular updates to alert systems, ongoing staff training, and periodic evaluations will ensure sustainability and continued improvements. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant improvements in medication safety achieved through a comprehensive bundle of interventions in the CSTH OPD. These findings offer a framework for enhancing drug safety and patient care in broader healthcare settings.

From Spreadsheets to Scalability: Databases as a Next Step for Non-Profits

This article discusses the evolution of data management strategies for non-profit organizations, transitioning from spreadsheets to more scalable database systems. As non-profits grow and their data becomes more complex, the need for robust database solutions becomes apparent. The article examines the types of databases suitable for program evaluation, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each. It also explores the challenges non-profits face in implementing these systems, such as infrastructure limitations, lack of full-time IT support, and the need for staff training. Through case studies, successful database implementations are analyzed to derive best practices. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored database solutions, ongoing staff training, and collaborations with IT experts for non-profits to maximize the benefits of database systems in their program evaluations.

Unveiling the role of DHIS2 in enhancing data quality and accessibility in primary healthcare facilities: Evidence from Ethiopia.

The implementation of DHIS2 in healthcare systems has transformed data management practices worldwide. However, its specific impact on data quality, availability, and performance in Primary Health Unit (PHU) facilities in Ethiopia remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of DHIS2 to enhancing data quality, availability, and performance within PHU facilities in Ethiopia. We employed qualitative methods, specifically Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), to gather insights from stakeholders, including healthcare providers and administrators at PHCUs across Ethiopia. Convenience sampling was used for FGDs, while purposive sampling targeted key informants with relevant expertise. Data were systematically analysed thematically, identifying patterns and themes related to DHIS2's impact on data management within PHUs. This approach offered a comprehensive understanding of the system's effectiveness and the factors influencing its implementation, highlighting both successes and challenges in integrating DHIS2 into healthcare practices. Participants from various regions reported significant enhancements in the timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and accessibility of health data following the implementation of DHIS2. While some concerns were raised regarding variations in reporting intervals, the consensus indicated marked improvements in data management processes. DHIS2 standardized data collection methods, enabling healthcare providers to input and access data in real-time. This advancement fostered greater accountability and transparency within the healthcare system. Additionally, unexpected benefits arose, including increased digital literacy among staff, equipping them with necessary skills for effective data management, and the creation of job opportunities, particularly for youth. Ultimately, DHIS2 emerged as a pivotal tool for enhancing data quality and promoting health service equity across Ethiopia. DHIS2 has significantly improved data quality and accessibility in Ethiopia, enhancing healthcare management and accountability across facilities. Healthcare providers should continue to leverage its robust features and prioritize ongoing staff training to improve digital literacy and data management skills. Establishing consistent reporting practices and regular audits will further maintain data integrity and foster a culture of accountability within the healthcare system.

A Comprehensive Review of Intravenous Oncology Drug Preparation in Pharmacy: Safety, Efficiency, Innovations, and Stability

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) administration of oncology drugs is a critical component of cancer treatment, providing rapid and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. The preparation of these drugs involves intricate processes that require stringent safety protocols, efficient workflows, and innovative technologies to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and advancements in the preparation of intravenous oncology drugs within pharmacy settings, focusing on safety, efficiency, innovation, and drug stability. Safety: Safety is paramount in the preparation of intravenous oncology drugs, given the hazardous nature of chemotherapeutic agents. Adherence to guidelines such as USP &lt;797&gt; and USP &lt;800&gt; is essential to minimize risks of contamination and exposure. Strategies to enhance safety include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), engineering controls like biological safety cabinets (BSCs) and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACIs), and rigorous training and education for pharmacy staff. Historical incidents, such as the New England Compounding Center contamination, underscore the critical need for strict safety protocols. Efficiency: Efficiency in drug preparation involves optimizing processes to meet high demand while maintaining safety and quality. Current methodologies include prescription verification, com-pounding, quality control, and dispensing. Technological advancements, such as automated compounding devices (ACDs) and pharmacy management software, have significantly improved efficiency by reducing preparation time and minimizing errors. However, balancing efficiency with safety remains a challenge, requiring careful resource allocation, ongoing staff training, and compliance with safety standards. Innovative Technologies: The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI), has revolutionized the preparation of intravenous drugs. Robotic systems enhance precision and reduce human error, while advanced aseptic techniques and AI-driven systems optimize dosing and workflow. Future trends include the potential use of 3D printing, nanotechnology, and blockchain to further improve the safety, efficiency, and traceability of drug preparation processes. Stability: Maintaining the stability of compounded drugs is crucial to ensuring their efficacy and safety. Factors such as storage conditions, handling procedures, and compatibility with diluents and containers can significantly impact drug stability. Guidelines like USP &lt;797&gt; provide detailed recommendations for maintaining stability. Research on stabilizing agents, improved packaging, and real-time monitoring systems continues to advance the field, addressing stability challenges and enhancing patient outcomes. Conclusion: This review highlights the critical importance of safety, efficiency, innovation, and stability in the preparation of intravenous oncology drugs. Adhering to stringent safety protocols, optimizing workflows, embracing innovative technologies, and ensuring drug stability are essential for improving patient outcomes and enhancing pharmacy practices. Future research should focus on integrating emerging technologies, standardizing protocols, providing ongoing education, and implementing real-time monitoring systems to further advance the field. By addressing current challenges and embracing new solutions, the preparation of intravenous oncology drugs can achieve greater heights in patient safety and treatment efficacy.

Technology Adoption Factors for Supreme Audit Institutions

Objective –Arguably, there is a shortage of research on how supreme audit institutions can use cutting-edge technologies to make them more effective and stay up with the evolving audit landscape as we are in the 4IR age. Professional auditing and accounting groups encourage using cutting-edge technologies in accounting and auditing duties. However, public sector auditing is trailing behind in the digital transition. Guidelines regarding the elements that superior audit institutions must consider when implementing cutting-edge technologies are still required. This paper fills the gap in the literature by providing technology adoption factors that have been verified for usefulness and practicability and then evaluated in order of significance by experts from eight different countries. Therefore, the findings and recommendations of the paper are applicable and relevant on a global scale.Design/Methodology –Experts were consulted to validate and rate the importance and practicability of the variables and processes for technology adoption using two Delphi questionnaires.Results –The technology adoption factors identified were assistance from top management, a plan for embracing technology, and fostering an environment focused on digital culture. Assessing the current systems for compliance with legislation, organization-wide preparation, and the ability to incorporate new technology, ongoing staff training, regulatory compliance, environmental policies, and audit standards are necessary. Evaluating the technology's compatibility and complexity, doing a cost-benefit analysis, and determining whether the auditee platforms are ready for advanced technology auditing were rated as important technology adoption factors by experts.

Challenges and opportunities of developing bioinformatics platforms in Africa: the case of BurkinaBioinfo at Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso.

Bioinformatics, an interdisciplinary field combining biology and computer science, enables meaningful information to be extracted from complex biological data. The exponential growth of biological data, driven by high-throughput omics technologies and advanced sequencing methods, requires robust computational resources. Worldwide, bioinformatics skills and computational clusters are essential for managing and analysing large-scale biological datasets across health, agriculture, and environmental science, which are crucial for the African continent. In Burkina Faso, the establishment of bioinformatics infrastructure has been a gradual process. Initial training initiatives between 2015-2016, including bioinformatics courses and the establishment of the BurkinaBioinfo (BBi) platform, marked significant progress. Over 250 scientists have been trained at diverse levels in bioinformatics, 105 user accounts have been created for high-performance computing access. Operational since 2019, this platform has significantly facilitated training programs for scientists and system administrators in west Africa, covering data production, introductory bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis, and metagenomics. Financial and technical support from various sources has facilitated the rapid development of the platform to meet the growing need for bioinformatics analysis, particularly in conjunction with local 'wet labs'. Establishing a bioinformatics cluster in Burkina Faso involved identifying the needs of researchers, selecting appropriate hardware and installing the necessary bioinformatics tools. At present, the main challenges for the BBi platform include ongoing staff training in bioinformatics skills and high-level IT infrastructure management in the face of growing infrastructure demands. Despite these challenges, the establishment of a bioinformatics platform in Burkina Faso offers significant opportunities for scientific research and economic development in the country.

Teachers’ knowledge about the principles of dealing with a student with type 1 diabetes mellitus

IntroductionA proper self-management and therapy process, and the involvement of patients and their carers in this process, influences the effectiveness of T1DM therapy. The responsibility for the self-management process lies with children and adolescents with T1DM, as well as their parents and other carers.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the level of teachers’ knowledge of the principles of the treatment and self-management of T1DM in children and to demonstrate the influence of various factors influencing teachers’ knowledge.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among the teachers in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. The first part of the survey contained questions on sociodemographic data, the second part contained questions on personal attitudes towards a student with T1DM, and the third part contained twenty-nine questions assessing the basic knowledge of the self-management and treatment principles of T1DM.ResultsTests were conducted with 698 (86.4%) female teachers and 110 (13.6%) male teachers. The median (25thQ ÷ 75thQ) score of the test on the teachers' knowledge was 20 (18 ÷ 21) points, with a maximum of 29 and a minimum of 0 points. Male teachers, aged between 26–40 years, with 6–10 years of seniority, working in rural areas, having a person with T1DM in their immediate environment or having a student with T1DM in their class had a higher knowledge level. Teachers who worked in schools where no nurse was employed and those who had not completed specific training on the principles of caring for a child with T1DM at school had a lower level of knowledge.Conclusions1. Knowledge of teachers is insufficient to ensure safe stay at school for a child with T1DM.2. The ongoing training of teachers on the principles of the self-management and treatment of T1DM is necessary to improve and increase the safety of children and adolescents with T1DM in school units.3. There is a need to improve the quality of health care for children with T1DM in the learning environment by increasing the number of school nurses and improving their knowledge, and by the ongoing training of teachers and other staff in school units.4. Detailed care plans should be developed for children with T1DM, adapted to the school conditions.

The Efficacy of Inclusive Education Practices in Zimbabwean Rural Schools: Challenges and Opportunities

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent of implementation and the efficiency of inclusive education practices at a selected secondary school in Zimbabwe. Methodology. The study employed a qualitative research design; data was gathered through interviews, and observed responses, from 15 purposive-selected participating teachers, holding different teaching positions. Consequently, the study relied on social learning theory (SLT) to determine how the process of implementing and participatory education for all is in its local context. Results. The results show that although Zimbabwe has robust national legislation that protects the rights of students with disabilities to access inclusive education, the process is plagued by poor physical facilities, lack of appropriate training for teachers, and social prejudice towards people with disabilities. Some of the implementation differences that stood out included the areas of students with disabilities, policy, resources, and teachers. Accordingly, the study concludes that unless teachers in Zimbabwean secondary schools begin to practice inclusive education in a more focused manner, it is unlikely that many of the disabled students will be empowered to participate fully. Conclusions. Among the suggestions are improving physical and communication access to school buildings, and providing on-going staff training on integration, promoting cooperation among the various actors, and the development of sound assessment mechanisms. This study adds to the existing literature on the predictors of effective inclusive education in Zimbabwean secondary schools. It offers implications on how to foster the educational experiences of students with learning disabilities.

Involvement of healthcare staff in hospital hygiene during emergency hemodialysis.

Healthcare-associated infections are still a worrying health problem that complicates patient care and increases morbidity and mortality. The incidence of infections in hemodialysis patients is still high and they constitute the second cause of hospitalization and death in this category. The study's objective was to evaluate nursing and medical staff's involvement in hospital hygiene. This is an observational study that took place within the hemodialysis unit of a Moroccan university hospital from March 2021 to June 2021. A surface swabbing technique for bacteriological examination was also carried out. The study revealed some shortcomings regarding hand hygiene which was respected by the nurses in only 17.5% of sessions and in 42.2% by the doctors. Other shortcomings in asepsis measures, were also noted such as the non-change of gloves after skin preparation (1.03%) and before manual compression. The serological status of patients concerning HBV, HVC, and HIV was also not always known (31.1%). The bacteriological samples from the surfaces also showed colonization of the medical devices and the ultrasound scanner used for the ultrasound-guided introduction of the central catheters. The results of the study showed some deviations concerning the recommendations; however, they are comparable to other studies conducted internationally, especially in terms of hand hygiene. Our study results highlight some shortcomings adherence to hygiene measures like inconsistent disinfection of medical devices and dialysis stations, as well as insufficient hand hygiene practices among some staff members. However, we observed an improvement in practices following the implementation of awareness-raising sessions. To maintain improved hygiene practices and prevent infections, it is crucial to provide ongoing training for staff, ensure adequate resources, and regularly monitor compliance with hygiene standards.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on reusable device precleaning training for front-line staff

High-level disinfection and sterilization are complex processes, requiring initial and ongoing training of frontline staff.1 A key component of appropriate disinfection and sterilization is point-of-use pre-cleaning performed by front-line staff. Our facility implemented an annual hospital-wide education and competency program for staff that perform pre-cleaning of reusable medical devices.

Post-project financial auditing as a continuous improvement tool for SMEs

Post-project financial auditing is a critical tool for ensuring transparency, accountability, and financial accuracy within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As SMEs navigate project-based operations, it is essential to assess the financial outcomes of completed projects to inform future decision-making and resource allocation. This review explores the role of post-project financial auditing as a continuous improvement tool in SMEs, highlighting its ability to enhance financial discipline, improve cost control, and promote long-term financial sustainability. By examining key aspects of project revenues, expenditures, and profitability, post-project financial audits provide insights into financial performance that are essential for strategic planning. These audits help identify budget deviations, resource misallocations, and cost inefficiencies, enabling SMEs to adjust future financial planning and project management practices. In doing so, audits contribute to refining budgeting processes, promoting data-driven decision-making, and reducing financial risks in subsequent projects. The review also emphasizes the benefits of post-project auditing in fostering a culture of financial responsibility within SMEs. Through the audit process, SMEs can strengthen internal controls, monitor compliance with financial regulations, and ensure that project outcomes align with organizational financial goals. Additionally, the integration of audit findings into future financial strategies enables SMEs to continuously improve their profitability, mitigate risks, and enhance overall financial stability. Despite the clear advantages, challenges such as resource constraints, data management issues, and limited audit expertise can hinder the adoption of post-project audits in SMEs. The review offers practical recommendations to address these challenges, advocating for the use of scalable audit frameworks, digital tools, and ongoing staff training to support effective auditing practices. Ultimately, post-project financial auditing represents a vital mechanism for driving continuous improvement and ensuring the financial resilience of SMEs in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

Management strengthening strategies for transport cooperatives: a case study in Riobamba

Transport cooperatives face administrative challenges that affect their efficiency and competitiveness. This study focuses on the Interprovincial Transport Cooperative "Transvencedores" of Riobamba, Ecuador, with the objective of designing an administrative strengthening plan to improve its management and service. The research, with a qualitative and descriptive approach, used surveys and interviews with 25 staff members and 384 users, applying tools such as the SWOT matrix and the internal (EFI) and external factor evaluation (EFE) matrices to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results revealed significant administrative problems, such as the lack of process automation, poor internal communication and the absence of a clear organizational philosophy. It was concluded that the cooperative requires ongoing staff training strategies, implementation of new technologies to control activities, and improved internal communication. These measures are essential to improve operational efficiency and customer satisfaction, positioning the cooperative as a leader in interprovincial transportation in Riobamba.

The Role of Comprehensive Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems in Achieving High Retention Rates

High client retention rates were crucial for maintaining growth and profitability in today's competitive business world. CRM solutions played a crucial role in facilitating the effective management of client contacts across several channels for organisations. These systems integrate consumer data and streamline procedures, offering a cohesive perspective of customer interactions and preferences. This paper examined how complete CRM systems may improve customer retention via personalised experiences, streamlined sales processes, and data analytics for informed decision-making. Although the advantages of CRM systems are clear, there are still obstacles to overcome, including data integration, expensive installation expenses, and ongoing adaptation and staff training. The research examined a comprehensive knowledge of CRM utilisation and its influence on customer retention. The results emphasised the significance of a well-planned deployment of customer relationship management (CRM) in promoting customer loyalty, enhancing operational effectiveness, and increasing revenue generation. Suggested strategies for firms include allocating resources towards data integration, providing comprehensive staff training, implementing continuous improvement practices, using sophisticated analytics, and cultivating a customer-centric culture. Keywords: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Customer Retention, Data Integration, Personalised Customer Experience, Sales Force Automation (SFA).

Analyzing Passenger Experience: A Study On Airline Mishandling Incidents At Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3

This research delves deep into the complex dynamics of airline mishandling incidents at NAIA Terminal 3, aiming to reveal their intricate effects on passenger experiences. With a focus on understanding the connections between mishandling, flight disruptions, and broader implications for airline operations, the study intends to offer a comprehensive view. Using a precise approach, the researchers adjusted Slovin's formula to pinpoint an exact sample size of 300 respondents, ensuring a detailed exploration of passenger encounters despite time constraints. They achieved a 14% response rate, providing insights into the diverse landscape of travelers. Going beyond traditional surveys, the study incorporated qualitative aspects through interviews with informants, including airport and airline personnel. This dual-method strategy facilitated a nuanced analysis of mishandling incidents, capturing the subtle challenges faced by both passengers and industry professionals. The results emphasized the significant impact of mishandling on operational efficiency, highlighting the need for improved baggage handling and security measures. The study concludes with practical recommendations, advocating for clear communication, technological advancements, and ongoing staff training to enhance the overall airport experience. This research serves as a valuable guide for aviation stakeholders, offering a roadmap to address mishandling incidents and improve passenger satisfaction.