Ongoing Contribution Research Articles

Positive school climate for school staff? The roles of administrators, staff beliefs, and school organization in high and low resource school districts.

Despite continued calls for positive school climate, school staff members are rarely included in school climate research or theories. This qualitative case study explored how socioeconomic status (SES), school districts, leadership, and school contexts combine to create school climate. Four schools were selected from a sample of positive and negative climate schools in one high and one low-SES district. Data collection involved key informant interviews and observation. District and school SES did not directly dictate the quality of climate. Organizational variables such as the principal's decisions and vision were key influences on the quality of climate for staff members. Staff members often prioritize student experiences of climate above their own experiences. School organization and the influence of the principal are critical for the quality of school climate staff members experience; these along with staff voice are critical ongoing contributions to school climate research, theory, and practice.

Exploring the participation motivations of ongoing and former citizen scientists in Taiwan Roadkill Observation Network

Citizen science has become a crucial approach to scientific research and a means of monitoring the environment, removing invasive species, and educating the public on conservation and the environment. However, maintaining a citizen science community is a challenge for moderators and core members. Thus, understanding the motivations for being involved in such communities is imperative for ensuring the ongoing contributions of citizen scientists. Taiwan Roadkill Observation Network (TaiRON) is the most popular citizen science project in Taiwan, with approximately 19,000 members and at least 5,500 individuals who have uploaded data to TaiRON database. In this study, we used quantitative (n = 538) and qualitative (n = 12) approaches to explore participants’ motivations for joining TaiRON. The results revealed that the primary motivation of participants was learning, followed by acquiring a sense of self-achievement. This indicates that participants had intrinsic motivations for joining TaiRON. The qualitative results indicated the same trend of initial motivation. The motivation to continue participation among participants in TaiRON community also reflected their desire to learn and acquire a sense of self-achievement. These results indicate that participants in TaiRON are given the opportunity to continuously learn about conservation, thus satisfying their need for a sense of self-fulfillment. Moreover, the findings of this study can be applied for the management of citizen science projects and for promoting participants’ ongoing contributions to biological conservation.

“Citizens Too”: Safety Setting Collaboration Among Older Adults with Memory Concerns

Designing technologies that support the cybersecurity of older adults with memory concerns involves wrestling with an uncomfortable paradox between surveillance and independence and the close collaboration of couples. This research captures the interactions between older adult couples where one or both have memory concerns—a primary feature of cognitive decline—as they make decisions on how to safeguard their online activities using a Safety Setting probe we designed, and over the course of several informal interviews and a diary study. Throughout, couples demonstrated a collaborative mentality to which we apply a frame of citizenship in opensource collaboration, specifically (a) histories of participation , (b) lower barriers to participation, and (c) maintaining ongoing contribution. In this metaphor of collaborative enterprise, one partner (or member of the couple) may be the service provider and the other may be the participant, but at varying moments, they may switch roles while still maintaining a collaborative focus on preserving shared assets and freedom on the internet. We conclude with a discussion of what this service provider-contributor mentality means for empowerment through citizenship, and implications for vulnerable populations’ cybersecurity.

Addressing the Conflict Between Promoting Wellness, Perpetuating Mental Illness Stigma and Making Psychiatric Pharmacy Education Less Intense

One in five Americans has a diagnosable mental illness, and pharmacists encounter these patients daily. This commentary addresses the conflict between the profession's wellness movement and its ongoing contribution to mental illness stigma. The need for improved pharmacist wellness is based on the profession's risk for burnout and development of related mental illness. The presence of stigma towards patients with mental illness among pharmacists is multi-factorial and complex. Risk of those within the profession perpetuating mental illness stigma could be diminished by developing pharmacy curricula that provide greater opportunities for students to learn more completely about mental illness, how to effectively engage persons with mental illness, and how to take care of themselves, express vulnerability, and talk about mental illness. While reducing mental illness stigma through curricular revision is best achieved through in-person learning experiences, elective coursework and cocurricular activities may also help achieve this goal. Examples of evidence-based best practices are provided.

2020 Timoshenko Medal Acceptance Lecture: Mechanics: Evergreen and Forever New

2020 Timoshenko Medal Acceptance Lecture: Mechanics: Evergreen and Forever New

Aging as a Productive Process: A Critical Analysis of Aging Policy in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

ABSTRACT There has been a growing focus on healthy aging in the political agenda. Discourses contained within policy documents have the potential to shape our notions of healthy aging and well-being. This comprehensive critical document analysis of provincial aging policies in Newfoundland and Labrador (2006–2015) contributes to a larger research study exploring aging women’s notions of health and the body in relation to the aging process. The findings highlight how healthy aging discourses focus on the concept of productivity and how a certain type of health is required for ongoing contribution. The paper concludes by arguing that if healthy aging is framed around one’s ability to remain productive, notions of health will remain limited to an externalized measure of output versus subjective experience of well-being.

The ongoing contributions of spin-off research and practice to understanding corporate restructuring and wealth creation: $100 billion in 1 decade

Since the 1980s, analysis of spin-offs has become a key line of inquiry in corporate finance. This paper reviews the theory and empirical research papers about spin-off restructuring and measures the monetary value created by spin-offs. First, we document the valuation impact of spin-offs for the divesting firms and then examine such subtleties as the interesting (positive) ex-dividend day price impact and the myriad other details associated with these transactions. This study provides a review of the now extensive research into spin-off divestitures. It looks into equity price reactions around the announcements of 249 voluntary spin-offs undertaken by US public companies over the interval 2007–2017. The abnormal returns associated with recent spin-off divestitures are of the same order of magnitude as those from the earlier papers, showing the sustained statistical significance and new economic materiality measures. With more firms undertaking spin-offs and the positive abnormal returns continuing to be substantial, the clear implication is that the overall monetary value creation resulting from spin-offs has increased markedly. Finally, and in a first for spin-off research, this paper calibrates the monetary value created by spin-offs despite the voluminous research of the topic. It establishes that spin-offs create large monetary value increments for divesting a firm’s stockholders—almost $100 billion in the interval 2007–2017.

Food packaging's materials: A food safety perspective.

Food packaging serves purposes of food product safety and easy handling and transport by preventing chemical contamination and enhancing shelf life, which provides convenience for consumers. Various types of materials, including plastics, glass, metals, and papers and their composites, have been used for food packaging. However, owing to consumers’ increased health awareness, the significance of transferring harmful materials from packaging materials into foods is of greater concern. This review highlights the interactions of food with packaging materials and elaborates the mechanism, types, and contributing factors of migration of chemical substances from the packaging to foods. Also, various types of chemical migrants from different packaging materials with their possible impacts on food safety and human health are discussed. We conclude with a future outlook based on legislative considerations and ongoing technical contributions to optimization of food–package interactions.

Recalibrating Management Research for the Post‐COVID‐19 Scientific Enterprise

Recalibrating Management Research for the Post‐COVID‐19 Scientific Enterprise

Introduction

Reading the Special Issue This Special Issue opens with an editorial from Margareth Broodkoorn, previous Chief Nursing Officer at the Ministry of Health (2019-2021). Shelley Jones, who was contracted to manage the project;College of Nurses Aotearoa for funding the Special Issue;Editorial Board for their ongoing support and contributions to writing and reviewing;and lastly Dr Sue Adams, Editor-in-Chief, for her leadership, vision, and commitment to publishing the Special Issue. Author. https://www.icn.ch/news/international-council-nurses-announces-intemational-nurses-daytheme-2021 World Health Organization.

Abstract P64: Longitudinal Brain Structural Changes After Stroke

Background: Stroke causes focal and diffuse structural brain changes that may contribute to subsequent cognitive decline and dementia. We hypothesize that MRI structural measures can detect continued cerebral degeneration over the first year after stroke. We identify predictors for progression of brain atrophy, leukoaraiosis and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics. Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively in an observational study that included serial brain MRI. Patients underwent MRI FLAIR and DTI at the time of acute stroke and were followed for at least 9 months with multiple MRIs between 30 days and 15 months post-stroke. We used FLAIR to measure brain atrophy as the percent brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) of the total intracranial volume (TICV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) as a percentage of TICV. DTI was used to calculate Peak Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD), a global measure of white matter integrity previously validated in cerebral small vessel disease. Longitudinal changes in BPF, WMHV or PSMD were measured from 30 days post-stroke onward using linear regression models that included age, stroke volume, baseline BPF and WMHV as predictors. Results: Twenty-six patients had a median of 4 follow-ups over 9-15 months. Median age was 74 years (range 51-84) and 38% were women. Mean stroke volume was 4.5cc (0 - 30cc). Mean BPF was 78% (72 - 86%) and mean baseline WMHV was 1.1% (0.1 - 3.9%). BPF was associated with age and declined by 0.7% per year (t(111) = 2.7, p = 0.007). Progression was associated with baseline BPF (t(111) = -3.4, p < 0.001). WMHV in the non-stroke hemisphere was associated with age and increased by 0.10% per year (t(87) = -5.8, p < 0.001). Accumulation was associated with age (t(87) = 5.8, p < 0.001). PSMD was associated with baseline WMHV and had a relative increase of 1.9% per year in the non-stroke hemisphere and 4.5% in the stroke hemisphere (t(174) = -2.1, p = 0.03). Progression was associated with age (t(174) = 2.3, p = 0.03) and stroke volume (t(174) = 2.4, p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the months after ischemic stroke, BPF, WMHV and PSMD can detect persistent structural changes that may reflect later phases of stroke injury or ongoing contributions of aging, silent ischemia, or neurodegeneration.

An Anglocentric History of Anaesthetics and Analgesics in the Refinement of Animal Experiments.

Simple SummaryIn simultaneously describing the history of animal experimentation and the development of anaesthetics and analgesics from an Anglocentric perspective, this article reveals how the latter have considerably refined animal experiments and brought benefits to both science and the animals involved—particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries. The more recent development of training and educational programmes in laboratory animal anaesthesia and their role in maintaining desirable trends in experimental refinement are also described.Previous histories of animal experimentation, e.g., Franco (2013) have focused on ethics, the law and the personalities involved, but not on the involvement of anaesthetics or analgesics. Given that these were major subjects of (UK) Parliamentary debates on vivisection in the mid-19th century and viewed as “indisputable refinements in animal experimentation” (Russell and Burch 1959), it seemed that an analysis of their role was overdue. This commentary has, in interweaving the history of animal experimentation in the UK with the evolution of anaesthesia, attempted to: (1) clarify the evidence for Russell and Burch’s view; and (2) evaluate anaesthesia’s ongoing contribution to experimental refinement. The history that emerges reveals that the withholding or misuse of anaesthetics and, or analgesics from laboratory animals in the UK has had a profound effect on scientists and indirectly on the attitudes of the British public in general, becoming a major driver for the establishment of the anti-vivisection movement and subsequently, the Cruelty to Animals Act (1876)—the world’s first legislation for the regulation of animal experimentation. In 1902, the mismanaged anaesthetic of a dog in the Department of Physiology, University College London resulted in numerous events of public disorder initiated by medical students against the police and a political coalition of anti-vivisectionists, trade unionists, socialists, Marxists, liberals and suffragettes. The importance of anaesthesia in animal experiments was sustained over the following 150 years as small mammalian species gradually replaced dogs and cats as the principle subjects for vivisection. In discussing experimental refinement in their 1959 report, “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” Russell and Burch described anaesthetics as “… the greatest single advance in humane technique, (which) has at the same time been virtually indispensable for the advance of experimental biology”. Since then, the role of anaesthetics and in particular analgesics has become an unavoidable consideration whenever animal experiments are planned and conducted. This has been accompanied by a proliferation of training and educational programmes in laboratory animal anaesthesia.

Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Topology Design to Applications.

ConspectusCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a novel type of crystalline porous polymers with potential applications in many areas. Considering their covalent connectivity in different dimensions, COFs are classified as two-dimensional (2D) layered structures or three-dimensional (3D) networks. In particular, 3D COFs have gained increasing attention recently because of their remarkably large surface areas (>5000 m2/g), hierarchical nanopores and numerous open sites. However, it has been proven to be a major challenge to construct 3D COFs, as the main driving force for their synthesis comes from the formation of covalent bonds. In addition, there are several stones on the roads blocking the development of 3D COFs. First, the successful topology design strategies of 3D COFs have been limited to [4 + 2] or [4 + 3] condensation reactions of the tetrahedral molecules with linear or triangular building blocks in the first decade, which led to only three available topologies (ctn, bor, and dia) and strongly restricted the incorporation of some important functional units. Next, as it is very challenging to obtain large-size single crystals of 3D COFs and the same building blocks may yield many possible structures that are quite difficult to identify from simulations, their structure determination has been considered a major issue. Last, the building blocks utilized to synthesize 3D COFs are very limited, which further affects their functionalization and applications. Therefore, since it was first announced in 2007, research studies regarding 3D COFs have been underexplored for many years, and very few examples have been reported.To confront these obstacles in 3D COFs, we started contributing to this field in 2016. Considering that many interesting quadrilateral molecules (e.g., pyrene and porphyrin) cannot be easily derivatized into linear or triangular motifs, we developed a novel topology design strategy to construct 3D COFs via [4 + 4] condensation reactions of tetrahedral and quadrilateral building blocks. After many trials, we found that this is a general synthetic strategy to build 3D COFs with the new pts topology. In addition, we explored the structure determination of polycrystalline 3D COFs prepared by our developed strategy via a 3D electron diffraction technique. Moreover, we expanded the toolbox of molecular building blocks for creating 3D COFs and successfully demonstrated the functionalization of 3D COFs with characteristic properties and applications. In this Account, we summarize our above ongoing research contributions, including (i) a novel topology design strategy for the synthesis of 3D COFs; (ii) attempts to determine the crystal structure of polycrystalline 3D COFs with atomic resolution; and (iii) the diversification of building blocks and applications of functionalized 3D COFs. Overall, our studies not only offer a new paradigm of expansion in the topology design strategy and building block families of 3D COFs, but also provide an idea of future opportunities for relevant researchers in this field.

VQEG column: Recent contributions to ITU recommendations

Welcome to the second column on the ACM SIGMM Records from the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG). VQEG plays a major role in research and the development of standards on video quality and this column presents examples of recent contributions to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations, as well as ongoing contributions to recommendations to come in the near future. In addition, the formation of a new group within VQEG addressing Quality Assessment for Health Applications (QAH) has been announced.

Forgetting PNG? Australian media coverage of Papua New Guinea

Coverage of Papua New Guinea in Australian media has been a source of resentment and dissatisfaction since the former Territory’s independence in 1975. A survey of media content in Australia has been made, to retrace collaborative research during 2007-11 that showed overall low volumes of coverage much of it negative in cast. The Australian ABC provided some exception, maintaining a Port Moresby correspondent. The present study finds the volume of coverage has increased slightly with indications of more positive approaches in reporting on the country. It contrasts disinterest in PNG among established press and commercial television, with the ongoing contribution of ABC, and the ‘new media’ Guardian Australia making a targeted and well-serviced entry into the field.

The Contribution of Onsite Physiotherapy to an Integrated Model for Managing Work Injuries: A Follow Up Study.

Purpose As part of an integrated system to manage work injuries, some organisations utilise the skills of an onsite physiotherapist. Onsite physiotherapy can provide benefits for the workers and organisation when delivered as part of an early intervention injury prevention program (IPP) at a poultry meat processing plant. However, once established, the sustainability of this service on work injury and compensation outcomes without ongoing physiotherapy contribution is unknown. Methods Through analysis of two large secondary datasets of workplace injuries and compensation claims, outcome measures of injury rates, cost per workers' compensation claim and duration of work absence were compared over a 36-month period where onsite physiotherapy contributed to the IPP and was later removed. Results 3951 injuries and their 781 resultant compensation claims were analysed within a 36-month analysis period. A small but non-significant rise in injury rates and duration of work absence was associated with the removal of onsite physiotherapy. There was also a shift towards more compensations claims with work absence after physiotherapy was removed. However, there was a significant reduction in adjusted mean costs per claim of $847 for all injury types (p < 0.001) and $930 for musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.001) after the removal of onsite physiotherapy. Conclusions Once an IPP was embedded within an organisation, onsite physiotherapy services were able to be discharged without significantly and negatively impacting demonstrated benefits and injury outcomes. There was also cost savings to the insurer through reduced mean claim costs and to the employer by not funding the onsite physiotherapy service.

Performing Life Stories: Hindsight and Foresight for Better Insight

We examine the benefits of developing critically reflexive learners through life story performance embedded in a Critical Reflexive Model. Students are invited to work with their life stories in a safe, dialogical space and to deconstruct various forms of power and its influence on their lives. Using a mix of creative and embodied methodologies, students explore their values, agency, and performativity to enable a deeper level of critical reflexivity. As researchers, we track what ongoing contributions reflexivity has made to the lives of students after graduating and currently working in the field as professionals. Our findings indicate that students experience shifts in their perception of self, others, and their contexts, which make them better placed to respond to the many complexities of society in South Africa on both a personal and a professional level.

Message from the Editor

Message from the Editor-in-Chief:&#x0D; It is with great excitement that I share with you that we have added an Associate Editor to our journal, Dr. Peter Nalin, Chair and Professor of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus and Associate Dean for Rural Medicine for the University of Minnesota Medical School. Dr. Nalin has published in our journal and is well positioned to assist with our ongoing growth and development. Many thanks to Dr. Alan Johns who served in this role and helped to launch the journal. We will continue to honor his contributions by naming him as our Associate Editor Emeritus. Many thanks to our Editorial Board and their ongoing oversight and contributions to our journal.&#x0D; We invite you to consider submissions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on your campus. We have one perspective to share in this issue and would like to have an upcoming issue focused on COVID-19 impact. &#x0D; Be safe. &#x0D; Regards,Paula M. Termuhlen, MD&#x0D; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Regional Medical Campuses

Managing dynamic work teams for innovation: integrating knowledge management and organisation behaviour using the DFO model

In knowledge-creating companies, teams must develop a systematic approach to integrate and create knowledge throughout the organisation to adapt to the changing environment. We employed the dynamic fractal organisation (DFO) model as an appropriate management model to propose the existence and development of dynamic teams aiming to enhance their knowledge-creating ability for sustainable innovation. The proposed framework highlights the significance of knowledge culture in promoting knowledge vision, trust between members, commitment and willingness for knowledge creation, teamwork orientation, and an ongoing contribution of distributed phronesis-based leadership that facilitates dynamic knowledge creation. A qualitative case study approach was employed based on empirical data from 24 in-depth interviews, triangulated with document analysis. Findings confirmed the existence of the dynamic knowledge-creating mechanism adopted by GenITeams that encourages teams to interact in a multi-layered networked setting. Results revealed that GenITeams could develop a management model that fosters innovation through continuous upward knowledge creation spiral.

TAILORx Update

TAILORx Update