One-dimensional Integral Imaging Research Articles

High-luminance one-dimensional integral imaging display based on gradient-width line light sources

A high-luminance one-dimensional integral imaging display is presented in this paper. A gradient-width line light source array behind an elemental image array is proposed. The widths of the line light sources with equal pitches gradually increased from both sides to center. The viewing ranges generated by the line light sources were enlarged from both sides to the center. The light illuminating the left half of the elemental image array was superimposed on the right side, and the light illuminating the right half of the elemental image array was superimposed on the left side. The viewing zone was related to the leftmost and rightmost line light sources, and the luminance was improved by enlarging the other line light sources.

Dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display based on compound parallax barrier

Dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display based on compound parallax barrier

Underwater optical signal detection system using diffuser-based lensless imaging.

We propose a diffuser-based lensless underwater optical signal detection system. The system consists of a lensless one-dimensional (1D) camera array equipped with random phase modulators for signal acquisition and one-dimensional integral imaging convolutional neural network (1DInImCNN) for signal classification. During the acquisition process, the encoded signal transmitted by a light-emitting diode passes through a turbid medium as well as partial occlusion. The 1D diffuser-based lensless camera array is used to capture the transmitted information. The captured pseudorandom patterns are then classified through the 1DInImCNN to output the desired signal. We compared our proposed underwater lensless optical signal detection system with an equivalent lens-based underwater optical signal detection system in terms of detection performance and computational cost. The results show that the former outperforms the latter. Moreover, we use dimensionality reduction on the lensless pattern and study their theoretical computational costs and detection performance. The results show that the detection performance of lensless systems does not suffer appreciably. This makes lensless systems a great candidate for low-cost compressive underwater optical imaging and signal detection.

Dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display with large viewing angle

A dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging (DV1DII) display with large viewing angle is proposed. It is composed of a display panel, a polarizer, a lenticular lens array and two pairs of polarized glasses. The elemental images 1 and 2, which are captured from the 3D scenes 1 and 2, are respectively displayed on the left and right half of the display panel. The lights emitted from the elemental images 1 are sequentially polarized and modulated by the sub-polarizer 1 and the corresponding lenticular lenses. The orthoscopic 3D image 1 is observed in the right viewing direction by wearing the polarized glasses 1. In a similar way, the orthoscopic 3D image 2 is seen in the left viewing direction by wearing the polarized glasses 2. A prototype of the proposed DV1DII display is developed, and good experimental results agree well with the theory.

Dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging 3D display using a barrier array

We propose a dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging 3D display using a barrier array. It is composed of an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a barrier array and a liquid crystal panel. The OLED and the liquid crystal panel are used to present an element image array and a parallax barrier. The barrier is located at the middle of adjacent slits. The gap between adjacent barriers is equal to the pitch of the slit. The element image array consists of the left and right elemental images which are alternately arranged. The left and right elemental images located between adjacent barriers are only modulated by the corresponding slit between those. A prototype is developed, and the viewing ranges of the left and right viewing zones are increased along with the increase of the viewing distance.

Wide-viewing-angle dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display

We propose a wide-viewing-angle integral dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display. It is composed of a display panel, a orthogonal polarizer parallax barrier, a lenticular lens array and two pairs of polarizer glasses. Two kinds of elemental images captured from two different scenes are alternately arranged on the display panel. Two kinds of polarizer units are also alternately aligned on the orthogonal polarizer parallax barrier which is attached to the lenticular lens array. The polarization directions of the adjacent units of the orthogonal polarizer parallax barrier are orthogonal. The pitch of the polarizer unit is equal to the pitches of the elemental images and the lenticular lens. The polarization directions of two pairs of polarizer glasses are the same as those of the two kinds of polarizer units of the orthogonal polarizer parallax barrier, respectively. Therefore, the lights emitted from two kinds of elemental images are respectively modulated by the corresponding polarizer units and lenticular lenses. Two different three-dimensional images are reconstructed and split by using two pairs of polarizer glasses. A prototype of the proposed dual-view one-dimensional integral imaging display is developed, and good experimental results agree well with the theory.

High-resolution augmented reality 3D display with use of a lenticular lens array holographic optical element.

An augmented reality (AR) three-dimensional (3D) display based on one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII), by using a lenticular lens array holographic optical element (LLA-HOE), is proposed. The 3D image of the 1DII has higher vertical resolution compared with the image of conventional integral imaging whose resolution is sharply reduced for providing quasi-continuous viewpoints in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The proposed 3D display consists of a projector and an LLA-HOE and is compact. As an image combiner, the LLA-HOE can diffract Bragg-matched light rays that have the same wavelength and incident angle as the original reference wave; it can also function as a lenticular lens array to reconstruct a 3D image but transmit other light rays emitted from the surroundings. In the experiment, an LLA-HOE of 80 mm×80 mm size is recorded, and a combination of a high-resolution 3D virtual image and a real 3D object is presented by the proposed AR 3D display.

Effect of width of light source on viewing angle of one-dimensional integral imaging display

An element image array can be illuminated by a light source array to realize one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display. The effect of width of the light source on viewing angle is analyzed in this paper. The imaging model of the 1DII display using the light source array is established. The crosstalk of adjacent elemental images, which is introduced by adjacent light sources, is discussed in detail. The calculation formula of the viewing angle is deduced through geometrical optics. A prototype using the light source array is developed, and the experiment results prove the theory.

One-dimensional integral imaging display with large viewing angle

A one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display with large viewing angle is proposed in this paper. The proposed 1DII display is composed of a display panel, a barrier array and a parallax barrier. The barriers, which are located at the junction of adjacent elemental images on the display panel, are perpendicular to the display panel and the parallax barrier. It is different from the previous 1DII display using the barrier array that the aperture centers of the slits aren’t aligned with the centers of the corresponding element images. Moreover, the most important difference is that the pitch of the slit is small than that of the elemental image. The widths of all viewing zones reconstructed by elemental images are identical at the optimal viewing distance. Thus, the viewing angle of the proposed 1DII display isn’t affected by the number of the slits and the elemental images. A prototype of the proposed 1DII display is developed, and good experimental results are obtained.

Crosstalk-free integral imaging display based on gradient parallax barrier

We propose a crosstalk-free one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display which consists of a display panel and a gradient parallax barrier. The gradient parallax barrier is symmetrical, and its slit widths and thicknesses are gradually increased from both sides to the middle. Lights emitted from the assigned elemental image are modulated by the assigned slit, while lights emitted from other elemental images are blocked by the assigned slit. Therefore, the crosstalk is eliminated without any additional devices. A prototype of the proposed 1DII display is developed, and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed 1DII display.

Viewing angle enhancement of parallax barrier-based one-dimensional integral imaging display using a high refractive index medium

In this paper, we propose a new approach for viewing angle enhancement in a parallax barrier based one-dimensional (1D) integral imaging display system. The viewing angle in a parallax barrier integral imaging system is defined by the angle between the center of slit and exit ray from elemental image. In this regard, we employ a refractive index medium between the elemental image plane and parallax barrier. Thus, the use of a refractive index medium allows us to increase the angle of exit ray, and may result in a viewing angle enhancement of display system. To test the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments are carried out and the results are comparatively analyzed with the conventional method. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method.

One-dimensional integral imaging display using a static barrier array

We propose a one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display using a static barrier array. The 1DII consists of a display panel, a parallax barrier and a static barrier array. The barrier array is perpendicular to the display panel and the parallax barrier. Each barrier is located at the junction of adjacent elemental image on the display panel. Thus, lights emitted from the assigned elemental images are modulated by the assigned slit, while lights emitted from other elemental images are blocked by the barrier array. Lights emitted from the left and right edges of the elemental images on the display panel are modulated by the right and left edges of the corresponding apertures, respectively. The viewing angle of the proposed 1DII display is enhanced and is proportional to the aperture width of the slit. A prototype of the proposed 1DII display is developed, and the experimental results agree well with the theory.

Effect of thickness of parallax barrier on viewing angle of one-dimensional integral imaging display

A parameter design of a parallax barrier is one of the most important keys to design a one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display using parallax barrier. The relationship between the thickness of the parallax barrier and the viewing angle of the 1DII display is studied, and the maximal value of the thickness is also obtained. When the thickness of the parallax barrier is greater than the maximal value, the viewing angle of the 1DII display is decreased with increasing the thickness of the parallax barrier. A prototype of the 1DII display using parallax barrier is developed, and the experimental results agree well with the theory.

One-dimensional integral imaging display using a variable parallax barrier

We analyze the effect of aperture width of the parallax barrier on the viewing angle of one-dimensional integral imaging (1-DII) display and propose a 1-DII display that consists of a display panel and a variable parallax barrier. When the variable parallax barrier changes its aperture width, the viewing angle and the optical efficiency of the proposed 1-DII display are compared. The viewing angle is increased by decreasing the aperture width of the variable parallax barrier, while the optical efficiency is increased by increasing the aperture width of the variable parallax barrier.

One-dimensional integral imaging based on parallax barrier

One-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) which only has horizontal disparity is a practical solution of high resolution in the vertical direction, low-cost, easy-viewable three-dimensional (3D) display. A 1DII based on a parallax barrier is proposed in this paper. The 1DII consists of a parallax barrier and a display panel. The operation principle and parameter calculation of the 1DII are described in detail. Two prototypes of the proposed 1DII and conventional 1DII based on a lenticular lens array are developed. The proposed 1DII improves the quality of the 3D image and provides larger viewing angle than that based on a lenticular lens array, and it is simpler and has lower cost than that based on a lenticular lens array.

1D integral imaging based on parallax images' virtual reconstruction

One-dimensional (1D) integral imaging based on parallax images' virtual reconstruction is proposed. The 1D integral imaging contains parallax images' capture process, parallax images' virtual reconstruction process, and 1D elemental image array's generation process. A pixel mapping algorithm is deduced to implement the last two processes; a 1D elemental image array is generated by the mapping of pixels on the parallax images obtained using a 1D camera array. The proposed 1D integral imaging can capture the 1D elemental image array of a real three-dimensional (3D) scene.

High optical-efficiency integral imaging display with a gradient-aperture parallax barrier

We propose a one-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) display that consists of a display panel and a gradient-aperture parallax barrier. The gradient-aperture parallax barrier is symmetrical, and its slit widths gradually increase from both sides to the middle. The leftmost and rightmost slits are used to fix the viewing angle, whereas the other slits are used to increase the optical efficiency. A prototype of the proposed 1DII display is developed. Its optical efficiency is higher than that of the conventional display, but the viewing angles are the same.

Characteristics of composite images in multiview imaging and integral photography

The compositions of images projected to a viewer's eyes from the various viewing regions of the viewing zone formed in one-dimensional integral photography (IP) and multiview imaging (MV) are identified. These compositions indicate that they are made up of pieces from different view images. Comparisons of the composite images with images composited at various regions of imaging space formed by camera arrays for multiview image acquisition reveal that the composite images do not involve any scene folding in the central viewing zone for either MV or IP. However, in the IP case, compositions from neighboring viewing regions aligned in the horizontal direction have reversed disparities, but in the viewing regions between the central and side viewing zones, no reversed disparities are expected. However, MV does exhibit them.

58.3: Pixel Design for Improved 3D TV with One‐Dimensional Integral‐Imaging Method

AbstractThe one‐dimensional (horizontal parallax only) integral imaging (1D‐II) method realizes a natural and easy‐to‐view 3D display. The 1D‐II method is a display system that has a lenticular sheet in front of a high‐resolution LCD. The use of vertical lenticular sheet is known to provide an excellent spatial frequency of 3D images. For the development of autostereoscopic 3D display with a vertical lenticular sheet, we designed new LCD pixels that can suppress moiré artifacts without reducing opening ratio of pixels. By virtue of this design, we successfully put an easy‐to‐view 3D TV into practical use.

17.1: Hardware and Software Technologies for Glasses‐Free 3D TVs and PCs

AbstractWe have developed several technologies for glasses‐free 3D displays to produce a clear 3D image and offer an attractive application. Hardware technologies such as one‐dimensional integral imaging method, a new moiré‐free pixel design using a vertical lenticular sheet, and 2D/3D switching with liquid‐crystal gradient index (LC GRIN) lens are useful for 3D panels. Software technologies such as 2D3D image conversion, face tracking for 3D viewing zone shift, and 3D super‐resolution image processing are for enjoying 3D movies. We continue to invent a 3D new technology especially for mobile devices and for business use.