One-way ANOVA Research Articles

Nursing postgraduates’ innovative behaviour, influencing factors and educational requirements: a national cross-sectional study

BackgroundInnovative behaviours are important for nursing postgraduates who are a significant reserve for future nursing career, thinking critically, utilizing technologies and solving complex problems. In nursing undergraduates’ education, innovative behaviour is closely linked with the development of professional identity. However, there are limited studies exploring innovative behaviours, influencing factors and educational requirements of nursing postgraduates.AimTo investigate nursing postgraduates’ innovative behaviour, influencing factors, and the correlation between innovative behaviour and professional identity. Moreover, exploring nursing postgraduates’ requirements for innovational education.MethodsA national descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among postgraduate students in Chinese nursing schools between October and November 2022. A general information questionnaire, The Nurses’ Innovative Behaviour Scale, the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Student, and a multiple-choice question about students’ innovation education requirements were collected. The independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression, and Pearson’s correlation analyses were conducted.ResultsThis study recruited 426 nursing postgraduates from 44 nursing schools across China. The mean score of innovative behaviour of nursing postgraduates was 38.96 ± 4.90 (min-max 10–50). Nursing postgraduates’ professional identity was positively correlated with innovative behaviour (r = 0.436, P < 0.01). Participants who read scientific literature frequently, had a high level of professional identity, and grew up in urban areas had high levels of innovative behaviour (adjusted R2 = 0.244, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt was determined that the level of innovative behaviour is associated with their professional identity and the frequence of reading scientific literature in nursing postgraduates. It is imperative for educators to foster an environment that encourages postgraduate nursing students to engage with a wider array of scholarly literature and elevates postgraduate nursing students’ professional identity. Furthermore, the dissemination of advanced knowledge and the adoption of diverse pedagogical approaches are likely to meet the innovative demands of nursing postgraduates.

Enhancing elemental release and antibacterial properties of resin-based dental sealants with calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polylysine

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop ion-releasing and antibacterial resin-based dental sealants comprising 3 to 6 wt% monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM, M), 3 to 6 wt% bioactive glass (BAG, B), and 3 to 6 wt% polylysine (PLS, P). The physical properties, mechanical performance, cytotoxicity, and inhibition of S. mutans biofilm by these materials were subsequently evaluated.MethodsFive experimental dental sealants were formulated as follows: F1 (M6B6P6), F2 (M6B6P3), F3 (M3B3P6), F4 (M3B3P3), and F5 (M0B0P0, serving as the control). ClinproXT (CP, 3 M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) was used for commercial comparison. The degree of monomer conversion (DC) was determined using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n = 5). The biaxial flexural strength (n = 6) and Vickers surface microhardness (n = 5) of the materials were evaluated after a 24-hour immersion in water. The element release over 4 weeks was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (n = 3). The cell viability of mouse fibrosarcoma cells exposed to the extract was assessed via an MTT assay (n = 3). Additionally, the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm was tested (n = 3). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test.ResultsThe lowest DC among experimental sealants was obtained from F1 (66 ± 4%), which was significantly higher than CP (54 ± 2%, p < 0.001). The lowest biaxial flexural strength was obtained from F3 (131 ± 47 MPa). This was comparable to that of CP (140 ± 58 MPa, p = 0.992). The lowest surface microhardness among experimental materials was detected with F2 (19 ± 2 Vickers hardness number), which was higher than that of CP (12 ± 1 Vickers hardness number, p = 0.003). Furthermore, high cell viability of > 90% after exposure to extracts from the experimental materials was detected, which was similar to that observed with CP. Additionally, the experimental materials exhibited higher Ca and P release compared to CP and showed a potential trend for reducing S. mutans biofilm formation. Increasing additive concentrations exhibited minimal effects on material properties, except for enhanced elemental release and a slight reduction in BFM with higher PLS content.ConclusionThe experimental sealants provided sufficient physical and mechanical strength and maintained cell viability and bacterial inhibition with higher elemental release than the commercial product.

The Effect of Polyethylene Fiber and Flowable Resin Composite on Fracture Resistance in the Restoration of Large MOD Cavities.

This invitro study aims to evaluate the effect of placing polyethylene fibers used in large Class II MOD (mesio-occlusion-distal) cavities into different flowable resin composites and in different positions on the fracture resistance of the restoration. Ninety healthy human molars were used in the study. No treatment was performed on 10 of these teeth and they were used as the control group. The other 80 teeth were divided into 8 groups by opening large MOD cavities (n = 10). The groups were divided into 4 main groups according to the use of fiber strips; no fiber, placed in the buccolingual direction, placed in the mesiodistal direction, and placed in an "O" shape on all walls. Each main group was divided into two subgroups according to the use of the nanofill flowable composite or flowable short fiber resin composite (SFRC) as the base material. All teeth were aged with a thermal cycler and then fractured with a universal testing machine. Fracture types were recorded in terms of fracture strength and repairability. Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare fracture strength values (p < 0.05). The highest fracture resistance was observed in the control group (2888.67 ± 395.43 N). The control group was significantly higher than all groups except the 7th and 8th groups (p < 0.05). Among the restored groups, the highest mean fracture resistance values were observed in the 8th group (2463.92 ± 332.37 N). The 8th group was statistically significantly higher than the 1st and 2nd groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between any of the other restored groups (p > 0.05). The application of polyethylene fiber in the treatment of teeth with large MOD cavities in different positions did not result in a significant difference in fracture resistance.

Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study

IntroductionTo evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model.MethodsSeventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root sockets were prepared. Sixty dentin discs were used to grow 3-week-old bacterial biofilms, while smear layer and debris were produced on fifteen dentin discs. These dentin discs were adhered to the middle third of the artificial root canals. The sixty ex vivo models with biofilm-covered dentin discs were divided into six groups: control, needle with physiological saline, ultrasonic with physiological saline, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, needle with 3% NaOCl, and ultrasonic with 3% NaOCl. Biofilm removal efficacy was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fifteen ex vivo models with smear layer and debris-covered dentin discs were divided into three groups: control, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, and 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Smear layer and debris removal efficacy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance for comparisons involving more than two groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Tukey test.ResultsOdneTMClean with physiological saline (98%) performed significantly better than needle irrigation (47%) or ultrasonic activation (54%) with physiological saline (P < 0.05). OdneTMClean with physiological saline removed biofilms as effectively as needle irrigation (97%) or ultrasonic activation (98%) with 3% NaOCl (P > 0.05). Additionally, 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.33) removed the smear layer significantly better than OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 4.47) (P < 0.05). However, OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 1.27) removed debris as effectively as 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.13) (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOdneTMClean with physiological saline can effectively remove bacterial biofilm and debris from the dentin surface but cannot effectively remove the smear layer. Utilizing OdneTMClean during the final irrigation may enhance root canal cleaning efficacy.

In vivo Evaluation of Saccharomyces-Modified Tempeh as Potential Prebiotic and Probiotic Food using Mus musculus as an Animal Model

Saccharomyces-modified tempeh (SM tempeh), which is produced by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae during soybean fermentation, is considered to have the potential as a source of prebiotics. The research aims to determine the prebiotic activity score (PAS) of SM tempeh extract against the probiotics S. cerevisiae and Lactobacillus casei, as well as to evaluate the resistance of S. cerevisiae and Escherichia coli in the intestines of mice fed tempeh. The PAS evaluation was carried out using a factorial complete randomized block design with three replications and one-way ANOVA for data analysis followed by the least significant difference test (5%). Meanwhile, microbial survivability was carried out in vivo using male Mus musculus strain mice fed standard feed, and standard feed with tempeh extract supplementation. The results showed that the supplemetation of either SM or commercial tempeh extract to the growth media significantly affected on the microbial load of S. cerevisiae, L. casei and E. coli, but the concentrations of tempeh extract had no significant effect. Apart from that, the concentrations of tempeh extract had no effect on the PAS of S. cerevisiae and L. casei, meaning that it was able to promote the growth of probiotics in the amount added to the media in the range of 2–10%. In addition, the feeding type had a significant effect on the survival of S. cerevisiae and E. coli in the intestines. S. cerevisiae carried on SM tempeh was detected surviving in the mice intestine at a rate of 6.12 log CFU/g, indicating that the tempeh was a probiotic food. Most likely SM tempeh is a synbiotic food.

Exploration and Empirical Study on Spatial Distribution of SOC at the Core Area in Coastal Tamarix Forests’ Inland Side of Changyi National Marine Ecological Area

The forest soil carbon pool plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, being of great significance for maintaining global balance, regulating the global carbon cycle, and facilitating ecological restoration. Shandong Changyi Marine Ecological Special Protection Area is the only state-level marine special protection area in China with tamarisk as the main object of protection, and it is the largest continuous and the best preserved natural tamarisk forest distribution area on the mainland coast of China. Compared to other forested areas, research on the spatial distribution of SOC at the core area in coastal Tamarix forests’ inland side appears to be relatively scarce. Based on this, this paper takes the core area of the Changyi National Marine Ecological Special Protection Zone, located on the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, as the research subject, based on the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods, analyzing the spatial distribution of the SOC content inland of coastal Tamarix forests. The research yielded the following conclusions: (1) The surface layer (0–10 cm) contributes significantly to the total SOC content within a 0–60 cm depth, accounting for at least 31% and shows notable surface accumulation. (2) The combined SOC content in the surface and subsurface layers (10–20 cm) accounts for at least 50% of the total SOC content within a 0–60 cm depth, indicating the dominance of these two soil layers in carbon storage. (3) The SOC content decreases with the soil depth at all six sampling points within the 0–60 cm range, with a marked drop from 0–10 cm to 10–20 cm. (4) One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons reveal that the soil depth significantly affects the SOC distribution, particularly between the surface and 20–30 cm layers (p &lt; 0.001), indicating high robustness and statistical significance. (5) Horizontally, the total SOC at 0 m is 45% lower than at 2 m in the 0–60 cm layer. The SOC in the 0–20 cm layer fluctuates significantly with distance from the shrub trunk, while the SOC in the 30–60 cm layers is low and stable, with minimal variations with depth. In addition, this study found that the SOC content in the core area of the protected area is lower than that in the common forest ecosystem. In the future, scientific ecological restoration projects and management protection methods should be used to improve soil’s carbon storage and carbon sink capacity. These findings not only validate the patterns of SOC’s spatial distribution in coastal Tamarix forest wetlands but also provide a scientific basis for carbon assessment and the formulation of ecological protection measures in coastal wetlands.

Extracellular vesicles of Candida albicans show dual effects on Enterococcus faecalis growth and virulence: A laboratory-based investigation.

Previous studies have shown the important relationships between Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in post-treatment endodontic disease (PTED). However, the fungal-bacterial interactions and their possible functional routes are less understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from C. albicans on E. faecalis growth and pathogenicity. Candida albicans EVs were isolated from a yeast nitrogen base (YNB) medium, and their morphology, size distribution, and protein concentration were observed and identified. The effects of EVs on planktonic E. faecalis were evaluated using growth curves and colony-forming unit counts, whereas the effects on E. faecalis biofilms were determined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopes. The ability of E. faecalis to resist a detrimental environment, infect dentinal tubules, and biofilm formation on gutta percha was examined. Additionally, the effect of EVs on cell invasion and cytotoxicity of E. faecalis were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and p-values of <.05 were considered significantly different. Candida albicans EVs were nanoparticles with bilayer membranes and with peak sizes of 111.9 and 230 nm. EVs exhibited a complex effect on E. faecalis and its biofilms; 5 μg/mL of EVs showed inhibitory effects whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs facilitated their growth. The EVs showed consistent effects on E. faecalis virulence. Notably, 5 μg/mL of EVs reduced the damage to RAW264.7 cells caused by E. faecalis, as well as the invasion ability of E. faecalis to macrophages and the intracellular survival ability of E. faecalis after macrophage phagocytosis, whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs had completely opposite effects. Candida albicans EVs showed dual effects on E. faecalis growth and virulence in vitro, suggesting C. albicans EVs are involved in fungal-bacterial communication. Moreover, the inhibitory effects exhibited by 5 μg/mL of EVs in vitro may suggest a new agent for the control of E. faecalis.

Health-Promoting Behaviors and Its Relationship With Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of health-promoting behaviors (HPBs) and their correlations between HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support among nursing students. A cross-sectional, correlational study was performed from March to June 2024 with 268 nursing students in the College of Nursing at the University of Hail using aself-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and multiple stepwise regression. The mean score of nursing students on the HPLP-II scale was 2.60 ± 0.47 overall, with the spiritual growth subscale scoring the highest (3.05 ± 056) and physical activity scoring the lowest (2.25 ± 0.75). More than a quarter of the students were classified into the borderline range for anxiety (28.4%) and depression (26.9%). In comparison, 19.4% and 16% of the students experienced anxiety and depression, respectively. There were significant weak negative correlations between the HPBs and anxiety (r = -0.396; p <0.001) and between social support and anxiety (r = -0.335; p <0.001). Likewise, there were significant weak negative correlations between HPBs and depression (r = -0.343; p <0.001) and between social support and depression (r = -0.313; p <0.001). In contrast, significant weak positive correlations were observed between HPBs and social support (r = 0.354; p <0.001) and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.380; p <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting HPBs, anxiety, depression, and social support showed that the model was significant for all (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, p <0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Although students reported a satisfactory level of HPBs, especially for spiritual growth and social relations, nutrition and physical activity require attention. The presence of anxiety and depression affected asubstantial proportion of the students, especially those from lower socioeconomic status, and studying in the early years of the study. Family income, occupation, and education level have been reported to have a significant impact on health outcomes.

Comparison of 1D and 3D volume measurement techniques in NF2-associated vestibular schwannoma monitoring

To compare 1D (linear) tumor volume calculations and classification systems with 3D-segmented volumetric analysis (SVA), focusing specifically on their effectiveness in the evaluation and management of NF2-associated vestibular schwannomas (VS). VS were clinically followed every 6 months with cranial, thin-sliced (< 3 mm) MRI. We retrospectively reviewed and used T1-weighted post-contrast enhanced (gadolinium) images for both SVA and linear measurements. 3D-SVA was performed manually or combined with semiautomated segmentation by using axial planes. The maximum linear dimensions (MLD) were determined in three dimensions (anteroposterior, transverse, and craniocaudal planes) using axial and coronal planes. The MLD was cubed (MLD3), and orthogonal analysis (OA) was derived to establish comparability with the SVA. The Hannover and Koos classification was used to depict the size ratio in each MRI and tumor. A linear regression model was performed to compare 1D/classification systems to SVA, and the percentage deviation change of MLD3 and OA to SVA was established using a one-way multivariate variance analysis. 2586 SVA and 10344 linear measurements were performed in a cohort of 149 NF2 patients and 292 associated VS. All measurement techniques (MLD3, OA, KOOS, and Hannover) significantly (and strongly, r2 > 0.5) correlated with SVA (p < 0.001). The OA showed an even stronger positive correlation than the MLD3 to SVA. Smaller classified tumors (T1/T2, K1/K2) exhibited a low-moderate positive correlation (r2 = 0.23–0.44) compared to medium-sized (T3, K2/3) and large tumors (T4, K4; r2 = 0.54–0.76). Pre- and postoperative MLD3 and OA statistically significantly predict SVA (p < 0.001), but the postoperative correlation was weaker, particularly for MLD3 to SVA values. All analyses showed a large scatter range. In the percentage deviation analysis of MLD3 and OA from SVA, small tumors (K1/K2, T1/T2) were overestimated. Compared to the SVA, the MLD3 and especially the OA are a time-saving alternative for monitoring the tumor volume of NF2-associated VS. However, the scatter range in small/surgically reduced tumors is enormous. For this reason, they are not recommended for monitoring off-label therapy with Bevacizumab or for treatment decisions depending on a precise assessment of tumor volume and growth. Developing deep learning-based volume determinations in the future is essential to reduce SVA’s time intensity.

Spontaneous otoacoustic emission as a novel method to screen pulsatile tinnitus caused by sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities: a prospective study.

To evaluate the diagnostic potential of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), and pure-tone audiometry (PTA) in patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWA). This study included 20 PT patients and 20 matched healthy controls. SOAE, DPOAE, and PTA were assessed before and after compression of the internal jugular vein. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests to compare differences in SOAE amplitude, DPOAE signal-to-noise ratios, and PTA thresholds, while independent t-tests assessed age differences, and one-way ANOVA evaluated mean PTA thresholds. SOAE amplitudes were significantly higher in ipsilesional ears compared to contralesional and control ears. DPOAE showed a significant difference in 0.5kHz S/N-ratio between ipsilesional and contralesional ears. PTA revealed higher thresholds in ipsilesional ears at low frequencies, with differences decreasing after compression. Besides radiological modalities, SOAE is a sensitive tool for diagnosing and assessing the severity of PT in patients with SSWA, with DPOAE and PTA providing supplementary information. These findings suggest a multimodal approach for the diagnosis of PT related to SSWA.

Preparing physiotherapists for the future: the development and evaluation of an innovative curriculum

BackgroundEducational innovation in health professional education is needed to keep up with rapidly changing healthcare systems and societal needs. This study evaluates the implementation of PACE, an innovative curriculum designed by the physiotherapy department of the HAN University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands. The PACE concept features an integrated approach to learning and assessment based on pre-set learning outcomes, personalized learning goals, flexible learning routes, and programmatic assessment. PACE distinguishes itself from traditional education because of the flexible learning routes, vertical organization in learning communities, absence of pre-defined learning activities and class schedules, and a culture of continuous learning and development. PACE is based on three guiding principles: 1) flexible and varied, 2) self-directed and collaborative, 3) future-oriented. PACE was implemented in 2021 for first-year students. This study evaluates the implementation to inform future curriculum development.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used to evaluate the implementation of PACE using a questionnaire, focus groups, in-depth interviews, and a national progress test allowing for benchmarking results. Participants were undergraduate physiotherapy students of cohort 2021–2022, the first group who experienced PACE and teachers involved with this cohort. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. To compare mean total scores of the national progress test between four different universities a one-way ANOVA was conducted including a post-hoc analysis. Reflexive thematic analysis guidelines were applied to analyze the interview data.ResultsIn total 82 first year students (44,6%) of cohort 2021–2022 and 36 teachers (60%) completed the questionnaire. Results show that the guiding principles were implemented as intended. Results of the national progress test on knowledge and clinical reasoning showed that students of the HAN University performed well compared to other universities. Thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups resulted in three themes and nine subthemes: 1) navigating a personalized curriculum, 2) caring and sharing, and 3) shaping professional identity. PACE contributed positively to students' intrinsic motivation, learning joy, identity development, and life-long learning skills. Areas for improvement were self-directed learning support, and teaching strategies to prompt deep learning.ConclusionThe evaluation showed that the guiding principles of PACE were implemented as intended and that the innovation positively contributed to student learning,

PENETAPAN KADAR FENOL TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI PELARUT

White Temu (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) has an actoxidant activity because it contains phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are aromatic compounds with a structure derived from benzene so that they have aromatic rings and the presence of one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups. This study aims to determine the total phenol content of white rhizome ethanol extract with the difference in solvent concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The research conducted is an experimental research. The results showed that the rhizome of white temu contained secondary metabolite compounds in the form of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Based on the results of determining the total phenol content of white temu extract with a difference in ethanol solvent concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%, the levels were 23.4477±0.9827 mg GAE/g, 32.2464±1.3022 mg GAE/g, and 51.6880±0.4948 mg GAE/g. The results of statistical analysis obtained normal and homogeneous data so that a one-way anova test with p value results was used(0.00) &lt; (0.05) so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the total phenol levels of the three samples.

GR management as an ESG transformation driver: Evidence from Russian companies

Forging government-business relationships is an important prerequisite for a country’s economic system to function efficiently. In sustainable development, such cooperation is especially relevant as the state is one of the key stakeholders for business survival and responsible corporate activities contribute to the achievement of national sustainability goals. The study identifies government relations (GR) management tools that are instrumental in successful implementation of ESG practices and investigates the relationship between GR management as a formalized function and the effectiveness of sustainable develop ment practices in Russian companies. Stakeholder theory constitutes the methodological basis of the study. The key research methods are correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data set of the study is represented by data from 86 largest Russian companies from the RAEX TOP-100 ESG Ranking as of December, 2023. The top tier companies demonstrate better financial performance and tend to single out GR as a separate function (division). System relationships between big busi ness and the state produce an overall positive effect in society and allow achieving financial stability. The larger the business and the scale of a company’s ESG projects, the greater the need for coordinated actions to reduce potential risks and losses. At the same time, cross-functional interaction between GR and other divisions of the firm enhances the effectiveness of its ESG practices. The findings prove that implementing the GR function is important for both private businesses and companies partially owned by the state.

Diffusion-weighted MRI of advanced gastric cancer: correlations of the apparent diffusion coefficient with Borrmann classification, proliferation and aggressiveness.

This study aimed to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of different Borrmann types of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and correlate these ADC values with Ki-67 expression and serum CEA levels in AGC. A total of 84 patients with AGC who underwent DWI of the upper abdomen before tumor resection in our hospital between June 2014 and July 2018 were included in the present study. DWI was obtained with a single-shot echo planar imaging sequence in the axial plane (b values: 0, 100, 700 and 1000s/mm2). Mean ADC values were calculated from tumor regions. Postoperatively, specimens were used to determine Borrmann type (1-4). Then, ADC values for AGCs categorized by Borrmann type were compared by one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, associations between ADC values and Ki-67 expression and serum CEA levels were evaluated by Spearman's correlation analysis. The mean ADC value for Borrmann type 3 AGC was significantly lower compared to the mean ADC value for Borrmann type 2 AGC (p < 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between ADC values and Ki-67 scores (r = -0.639, p < 0.001), and between ADC values and serum CEA levels (r = -0.575, p < 0.001). DWI can help characterize Borrmann types of AGC. ADC values may reflect Ki-67 expression and serum CEA levels in patients with AGC, and have utility as a non-invasive indicator for evaluating the aggressiveness and prognosis of AGC.

Exploring the power of spectrophotometric technique in determination of oxytetracycline and lidocaine in their pharmaceutical dosage form as well as in the presence of toxic lidocaine impurity: univariate versus multivariate analysis

Lidocaine poses challenges when it comes to direct spectrophotometric measurement due to the lack of sharp peak within its spectra in zero-order. This lack of a distinct peak makes it difficult to accurately quantify lidocaine using traditional direct spectrophotometric methods. In our study, different univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric techniques have been established and their validity has been assessed for the determination of the mixture of Lidocaine HCl (LD), Oxytetracycline HCl (OTC) together with LD carcinogenic impurity [2,6- dimethylaniline] DMA. LD was resolved from the other two components using ratio difference and derivative ratio methods. OTC was determined in zero- order at 360 nm and by using constant value and concentration value methods, while DMA was determined by using constant multiplication at 237 nm as well as by using constant value and concentration value methods after elimination of OTC by ratio subtraction technique. Moreover, Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regression multivariate approaches were applied to quantify and evaluate the mixture. The developed methods underwent validation following International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The validation process demonstrated that all suggested methods are accurate and selective in their measurements. Additionally, statistical analysis was conducted to compare the developed and reported methods. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare both proposed and reported spectrophotometric methods.

Resin composite aggregated S-PRG particles are not superior to non-S-PRG under microcosm biofilm

This study assessed the effect of composite resins, aggregated or not with S-PRG particles, and the use of toothpaste in controlling demineralization and bacterial growth. Human molars were distributed into 3 groups: control (CT) – sound teeth, Beautifil Bulk Restorative System (aggregated with S-PRG) (BB), Filtek One Bulk Fill (without S-PRG) (FB). Teeth destined for groups BB and FB previously received Class I preparations (4 × 4 × 4 mm), followed by single-increment restorations. All teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, with all specimens subjected to cariogenic challenge for 5 days, including microcosm biofilm formation. Half of each tooth was exposed to toothpaste (CTF, BBF, FBF). The loss of microhardness was assessed considering the initial microhardness as 100% on enamel, dentin, and composite resin substrates. Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL) were counted in 3 media. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, and paired t-test (α = 0.05). Toothpaste significantly reduced CFU/mL for total bacteria and genus Streptococcus (p < 0.05), with no significant difference for Streptococcus mutans. Enamel microhardness was positively affected by toothpaste. Both restorative systems controlled enamel demineralization, with FB and FBF outperforming BB and BBF. There was minor degradation of both composite resins, between 10% and 22%. Toothpaste effectively reduced microorganisms, irrespective of the composite resin. Regarding demineralization control, both restorative systems, with and without S-PRG particles, were effective on enamel.

Exploring dental students' knowledge on oral cancer prevention: a cross-sectional study in Moldova, Armenia, and Belarus

BackgroundSurvival rate of patients with oral cancer (OC) remains to be very low despite advancements in therapy and surgical techniques. This is attributed to the fact that most OC cases are discovered at a late stage. Dentists play a vital role in early detection of OC through oral mucosal examination, and in informing the patients about avoidable risk factors of the disease, such as tobacco and excessive alcohol use. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge about OC among dental students in Moldova, Armenia and Belarus; three former soviet countries with high rates of tobacco use.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multi-country study based on self-administered questionnaire. Dental students in their clinical years at three dental faculties in Moldova, Armenia and Belarus were invited to participate in the study. Data collection took place during the period May to September 2019. Association between different categorical variables was investigated using Chi-squared test. A knowledge score ranging from 0–14 was constructed from the obtained data. Differences in the knowledge score between different groups of students was investigated using either student`s t-test whenever comparing two groups, or One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni`s correction for three or more groups. The level of significance was set to 0.05 for all statistical tests.ResultsA total of 642 dental students participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was found to be 6.62 ± 2.61, with 45% of the students scoring below the mean. Students from Belarus had the highest score (7.3 ± 2.14) in comparison to Armenia (6.66 ± 2.64) and Moldova (5.66 ± 2.81), as revealed by ANOVA test. However, we observed a significant increase (p-value < 0.001, ANOVA) in the students` knowledge score as they proceed through study years from third (6.07 ± 2.61) to fifth year (7.49 ± 2.48). In addition, we found that Students with current or previous cigarette smoking habits had significantly (p-value < 0.001, student`s t-test) lower mean knowledge score (5.96 ± 2.82) when compared to students who have never been smokers (6.98 ± 2.42).ConclusionsThe present study reveals notable gaps in OC knowledge and concerning tobacco use behaviors among dental students in Moldova, Belarus, and Armenia. By providing comprehensive education on risk factors and addressing personal habits, dental schools can better prepare future professionals to play a critical role in OC prevention and management.

Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40years after diagnosis.

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity (DM, CO), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (DL, CO, NO) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath-hold (DL, COc, 5s) and nitric oxide with a five s breath-hold (DL, NO, 5s), DM, CO and VC. The study included 57 patients with idiopathic scoliosis seen at our department from 1972 to 1983, all of whom underwent radiological assessment and measurement of DL, CO, NO during examination 40years after diagnosis. One-way ANOVA was performed for between-group differences and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between DL, CO, NO metrics and Cobb angle. No significant between-group differences based on disease severity were detected. Thirty-nine percent of the patients were presented with either reduced DL, COc, 5s or reduced DL, NO, 5s represented as Z-scores below -1.65. No significant correlations between Cobb angle and Z-scores for DL, COc, 5s, DL, NO, 5s, DM, CO and VC according to height measurements were found. When using arm span instead, a weak negative correlation between DL, COc, 5s and Cobb angle (r=-0.29; P=0.04) was detected. In conclusion, approximately 39% of patients with idiopathic scoliosis had either reduced DL, COc, 5s or reduced DL, NO, 5s 40years after diagnosis with varying contributions from VC or DM, CO.

Altered spontaneous brain activity in children with deprivation amblyopia: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

BackgroundTo investigate the alterations in spontaneous brain activity and the similarities and differences between monocular deprivation amblyopia and binocular deprivation amblyopia.MethodsTwenty children with binocular deprivation amblyopia, 26 children with monocular deprivation amblyopia and 20 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The evaluation of altered spontaneous brain activity was conducted using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). One-way analysis of variance was employed to analyze fALFF values among the three groups. Additionally, the relationship between fALFF values and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was analyzed via correlation analysis.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, children with binocular deprivation amblyopia presented increased fALFF values in the left medial superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex, left postcentral gyrus and bilateral precentral gyrus, and decreased fALFF values in the right fusiform gyrus. Compared to healthy controls, children with monocular deprivation amblyopia presented increased fALFF values in the right lingual gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyrus, and decreased fALFF values in the right precuneus. Compared with monocular deprivation amblyopia, fALFF values of binocular deprivation amblyopia were decreased in the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and right cuneus, and increased in the left precentral gyrus and left postcentral gyrus. No significant correlations were found between the fALFF values of identified regions and the BCVA of amblyopic eyes for either type of amblyopia.ConclusionsChildren with deprivation amblyopia presented alterations in spontaneous activity in multiple brain regions, and these alterations differed between monocular amblyopia and binocular amblyopia. These abnormal spontaneous activities may reflect dysfunctions and compensation related to amblyopia.

Conditioned Medium from Human Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Inflammatory and Myofibrotic Factors in Vivo

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with a high mortality rate, and while various treatment options exist, the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (hAMSCs-CM) has garnered attention. To elucidate the mechanism behind hAMSCs-CM’s effects on HF, we conducted an animal study focusing on specific inflammatory and fibrotic factors. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, HF, culture medium, and CM. All rats, except those in the control group, received an injection of isoproterenol to induce an animal model of HF. The CM group was administered the CM, while those in the culture medium group received standard culture media. Subsequently, serum levels of fibrotic factors, including TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD, were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Results: Serum levels of TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD were significantly elevated in the HF, CM, and culture medium groups compared with the control group (P&lt;0.001). Additionally, these fibrotic factors were significantly reduced in the CM group compared with the HF group (P&lt;0.001). Notably, CM therapy could not restore TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, or ALD levels to the normal range observed in the control group. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hAMSCs-CM modulates the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD, in isoproterenol-induced HF in male rats. These results contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms underlying hAMSCs-CM treatment for HF.