One-way System Research Articles

Control of distributed interference in the one-way quantum cryptography system

The possibility of controlling interference in two spaced fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometers and maintaining a nearly ideal visibility has been demonstrated for the one-way quantum cryptography system directly in the key distribution process through a communication channel with a length of 50 km. It has been shown that the deviation of the visibility from ideal is certainly due to the detected difference between the numbers of 0’s and 1’s in the raw (sifted) key. For this reason, an interferometer can be balanced only in the quasi-singlephoton mode without the interruption of the process of key distribution by using the difference between the numbers of 0’s and 1’s in the raw key as an indicator of an error. The proposed approach reduces the balancing time and, furthermore, does not require additional exchanges through an open communication channel.

An optimal one-way cooperative strategy for two defenders against an attacking missile

This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target. The problem is solved as a game among four players (a target, two defenders, and a missile). In this scenario, the target launches two defenders (defender-1 and defender-2) simultaneously, to establish a one-way cooperation system (OCS) against an attacking missile. A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived. During the engagement, the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile, and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1. Depending on the control effort of the target, defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile. For adversaries with first-order dynamics, simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile. During the engagement, even if one defender or communication channel is broken, the OCS still allows an interception to be made, thus increasing the target’s survivability.

尾鷲地方における架線運材「ヤエン」の概念と様式（総説論文）

尾鷲地方における架線運材「ヤエン」の概念と様式（総説論文）

Birds do not work harder to breathe.

![Graphic][1] An efficient one-way airflow system is essential for bird flight. Extracting more oxygen per breath than mammals, birds can meet the costly fuel demands of flight. However, despite the gains achieved by maximising the amount of oxygen passing through their lungs, the metabolic

Identification and calibration of one-way delays in satellite laser ranging systems

We are reporting on identification and calibration of one-way delays in satellite laser ranging systems. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is a standard technique to measure the distance of satellites as a function of time with millimeter precision and a few millimeters accuracy. For one-way laser ranging, laser time transfer ground to space and for bi- and multi-static laser ranging to space objects identification and measurement of system delays related separately to transmitting and receiving parts of the system are needed. The epochs of transmission and reception of optical signals have to be referred to the coordinated time scale with the accuracy reaching one nanosecond level or better for one-way ranging and space debris multi-static ranging. For transponder ranging and laser time transfer an even higher accuracy of 50ps or better is needed. These accuracy requirements are by several orders of magnitude higher in comparison to standard SLR applications. A new procedure of calibration of one-way delays related to the SLR systems has been developed and tested. The necessary hardware components needed for calibration measurements were designed and developed in a form of a Calibration Device. It consists of a photon counting detector, an epoch timing device and a dedicated signal cable. The signal propagation delays of these components were determined with an accuracy of better than 20ps. The signal propagation delay stability of the Calibration Device is on a level of units of picoseconds over days of operation. The Calibration Device and calibration procedure were tested in real measurements at the SLR site in Graz, Austria. The time needed to complete a calibration of one-way delays of the SLR system is less than two days. The one-way system delays were determined with the accuracy better than 50ps. The measurement principle, Calibration Device and the first results are presented.

Destination Assisted Jamming and Beamforming for Improving the Security of AF Relay Systems

In this paper, we propose a destination-assisted jamming and beamforming (DAJB) scheme for physical layer security in a one-way cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) relay communication system. The system model consists of one source, one destination, one eavesdropper, and N relay nodes, with the individual power constraint of each relay node and the destination-assisted jamming node as well as unknown instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper. Due to the half-duplex constraint of the relay nodes, there are two phases in our proposed DAJB scheme. In the first phase, the source node broadcasts information signal and all N relay nodes listen simultaneously. In the meantime, the destination node transmits the jamming signal to confuse the potential eavesdropper. In the second phase, all N relay nodes amplify and forward the received signals, covered by the artificial noise (AN), to the destination using the distributed beamforming technology. The optimal beamformer weights and power allocation are obtained by solving the second-order convex cone programming (SOCP) together with a linear programming (LP) problem. Furthermore, the performance of the DAJB scheme is analyzed in terms of the achievable secrecy rate. Compared with the scheme that selects a relay node as the jammer, we obtain larger power gain to achieve higher secrecy rates. Finally, the simulation results verify that the DAJB scheme greatly improves the secrecy rate of a one-way cooperative AF relay communication system.

VP209 Two-Way Short Message Service (SMS) For Better Engagement And Quality Bio-Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION:Along with the exponential growth of technology, the use of mobile devices in health, or mHealth, has been quickly becoming a viable practice to strengthen health systems, especially in low-resource settings. Nevertheless, the majority of mHealth interventions are pilot efforts which mostly lack robust design and evidence about the use of mHealth in public health. This study assessed the use of a bi-directional Short Message Service (SMS) in disease surveillance in Vietnam and aimed to bring evidence in improving engagement of health staff as well as the quality of reporting.METHODS:Eighty health staff from fourty communes of Hoa Binh and Hung Yen provinces were trained and participated in two 6-month pilots: one with one-way, and one with a bi-directional SMS system for assisting in error screening, and reminder and feedback provision to report two diseases: influenza and diarrhea using cell phones. After each examination and checking-in onto the paper logbook, participants reported the case by texting an SMS to a designated number and made notes of successfully reported cases. A central data repository server was set up to collect SMS reports, and aggregate reported patient data. Engagement of health staff and quality of the reporting work were assessed by the evaluation of the qualitative questionnaires, and the comparison of the texted SMS reports to the patient logbooks.RESULTS:With the use of a two-way versus one-way SMS system, participants were 4.6 times more likely (95 percent Confidence Interval, CI 3.93-5.44, p< .001) to send correctly formatted text reports, and 3.4 times more likely (95 percent CI 2.72-4.33, p< .001) to have precise information in their texted messages. Results also revealed that while their position, age, or gender of participants did not statistically influence the results, ethnicity and management roles did.CONCLUSIONS:The study showed that the use of a bi-directional SMS-based reporting system both significantly improved participants engagement in the reporting protocol, and greatly enhanced their reporting quality. The study demonstrated that robust evidence of a practical utilization of SMS in a disease reporting system to replace the traditional paper-based one has great potential for a scale-up and national-wide implementation.

The Design of One-way Transmission System Based on Satellite Signal Modem

In recent years, due to the network virus, hacker is rampant which is a great threat to network security. This paper use features of the satellite modem construction the unidirectional physical transmission channel which has the error correcting capability, And on this basis, Through the establishment of the software transmission channel, the paper realizes the one-way transmission of the file data, And at same time through the development of appropriate security transmission mechanism, Solved the integrity and reliability of the transmitted file data in the unidirectional transmission environment, realization the Information from the public network transmit to confidential network and also prevents the secret network information leak to the public network.

Time-polarization coding in quantum cryptography

We present a quantum key distribution (QKD) method that allows us to demonstrate practical quantum cryptography. It is used for obtaining the cryptographic key to encode the information communicated between to legitimate parties. It generally relates to a secured key sharing method and system between a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of receivers, more particularly to a system and method of QKD between transmitters and receivers. The aspect of the method is a QKD system capable of forming the first signals with different phases or polarization and the second signals with different delay time. The transmitter sends the two signals to share the key with receiver. The first signal is generated in different phases or polarization to protect the transmission channel and to be the reference time for second signal. The state of first signal and the delay time between the first signal and second signal is the key. The method leads to increase the length of the shared key. This method is used to implement the practical QKD system that can be used for switching between our protocol and BB84 protocol in optical fiber (one-way system) and free space setups with unconditionally security. Secure keys generated by the QKD network are managed in the key management layer by key management agents (KMAs), and used to encrypt the data and send it to receivers. The proposed schemes aimed to provide a secure end to end communication.

Selective opening security of practical public‐key encryption schemes

The authors show that two well-known and widely employed public-key encryption schemes – RSA optimal asymmetric encryption padding (RSA-OAEP) and Diffie–Hellman integrated encryption scheme (DHIES), instantiated with a one-time pad, – are secure under (the strong, simulation-based security notion of) selective opening security against chosen-ciphertext attacks in the random oracle model. Both schemes are obtained via known generic transformations that transform relatively weak primitives (with security in the sense of one-wayness) to indistinguishability (IND)-CCA secure encryption schemes. The authors also show a similar result for the well-known Fujisaki–Okamoto transformation that can generically turn a one-way secure public key encryption system and a one-time pad into a IND-CCA-secure public-key encryption system. The authors prove that selective opening security comes for free in these transformations. Both DHIES and RSA-OAEP are important building blocks in several standards for public key encryption and key exchange protocols. The Fujisaki–Okamoto transformation is very versatile and has successfully been utilised to build efficient lattice-based cryptosystems. The considered schemes are the first practical cryptosystems that meet the strong notion of simulation-based selective opening (SIM-SO-CCA) security.

Effect of Carbon Monoxide on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Hydrogen Circulation System

Introduction Carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrogen fuel is known to degrade a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance [1-5]. The maximum allowable concentration of CO is 0.2 ppm, according to the quality standards for hydrogen fuel (ISO14687-2) in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) [6]. Normally, a single-cell evaluation system is a hydrogen one-way pass system, which allows fuel unused by the cell to be released into the atmosphere. However, FCVs usually have a hydrogen circulation system, which returns the fuel from the anode outlet to the inlet. A comparison between the hydrogen one-way pass system and hydrogen circulation system has not been reported with respect to the effect of CO on hydrogen fuel. Our previous study showed that CO is not accumulated in hydrogen fuel when using a hydrogen circulation system [2]. However, the effect of CO on the actual FCV condition has not yet been fully understood because the experimental conditions in our previous study (CO concentration was 4.8 ppm and anode platinum loading was 0.4 mg cm−2) were far from the actual FCV conditions. In this study, using a hydrogen circulation system, the effect of CO on the PEFC’s performance degradation is investigated and is compared to that using a hydrogen one-way pass system under the conditions of low platinum loading at the anode and a low CO concentration. Experimental A JARI standard single cell (25 cm2 electrode area), whose temperature was controlled by a heating medium, and commercially available membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) were used for the single-cell tests. The platinum loading on the anode and the cathode were 0.1 and 0.4 mg cm−2, respectively. The electrolyte membrane thickness was 15 μm. The cell temperature was 60 ºC, the anode was non-humidified, and the cathode dew point was 40 ºC. The single-cell operation tests were conducted using both a conventional hydrogen one-way pass system and the hydrogen circulation system (Fig. 1). The cell was operated at a constant current density of 1000 mA cm−2. The anode gas was hydrogen mixed with CO (up to 1.0 ppm), and the cathode gas was a mixture of N2 (79%) and O2 (21%). The stoichiometry of the fuel and the oxidant was 2 and 2.5, respectively. The CO and CO2 in the purge gas in the hydrogen circulation system were sampled at a 1% purge rate and measured by gas chromatography coupled with pulsed discharge helium ionization detector. Results and Discussion Figure 2 shows, for comparison, the voltage change by adding CO at a steady state in the hydrogen one-way pass system and in the hydrogen circulation system and the CO concentration in the hydrogen circulation system. The voltage change in the hydrogen circulation system is smaller than that in the hydrogen one-way pass system. At 0.2 ppm CO concentration in the hydrogen circulation system, the voltage change induced by adding CO is about 1/10 of that incurred when the hydrogen one-way pass system is used. The CO concentration in the purge gas in the hydrogen circulation system is lower than that in the supplied CO/H2 mixture. Most of the CO in the hydrogen fuel is oxidized to CO2 and gets accumulated in the hydrogen circulation system when a low concentration of CO is supplied to the cell. When the hydrogen circulation system is used, the exhaust gas is sent to the anode inlet again. Consequently, the CO concentration at the anode inlet decreases because the gas in the cylinder, which contains CO, is diluted by the gas from the hydrogen circulation system. In addition, our previous study of the hydrogen one-way pass system revealed that a large excess of O2, compared with CO, existed in the anode [3]. O2 in the hydrogen circulation system is probably circulated and consumed by CO oxidation in the anode electrocatalyst via a non-electrochemical reaction [4]. Consequently, the voltage change in the hydrogen circulation system is smaller than that in the hydrogen one-way pass system. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

Efektifitas Pemberlakuan Sistem Satu Arah pada Jalan Indraprasta Kota Semarang dalam Rangka Pemerataan Sebaran Beban Lalu Lintas

The traffic problems in a big city such as Semarang generally caused by the typical situation like overcrowding at peak hours. To overcome this problem, Semarang Government has implemented “One Way System” on the Indraprasta Street section without providing road partner. This study is intended to identify the effectiveness of this policy. The following streets were reviewed: Indraprasta, Imam Bonjol, Mgr. Soegiyopranoto, and Pierre Tendean. Further, the intersections which studied are Indraprasta-Imam Bonjol-Pierre Tendean and Tugu Muda. Traffic survey data were collected in the morning and afternoon peak hours. Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 was used in the data analysis procedure. This short-term study was conducted by simulating the proposed scenario and compared with the existing situations.In conclusion, “One Way System” on Indraprasta Street section is assessed not effective due to its relatively small degree of saturation, while Mgr. Soegiyopranoto Street has a large degree of saturation. Therefore, the one-way system to Imam Bonjol Street and Mgr. Soegiyopranoto Street also needed to implement and form a “rotary link“. In addition, enacting contraflow for public transport on Soegiyopranoto Street and Imam Bonjol Street is necessary, also the arrangement of signals and geometric in the intersection that linked those three streets.

Modeling the ocean and atmosphere during an extreme bora event in northern Adriatic using one-way and two-way atmosphere–ocean coupling

Abstract. We have studied the performances of (a) a two-way coupled atmosphere–ocean modeling system and (b) one-way coupled ocean model (forced by the atmosphere model), as compared to the available in situ measurements during and after a strong Adriatic bora wind event in February 2012, which led to extreme air–sea interactions. The simulations span the period between January and March 2012. The models used were ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) (4.4 km resolution) on the atmosphere side and an Adriatic setup of Princeton ocean model (POM) (1°∕30 × 1°∕30 angular resolution) on the ocean side. The atmosphere–ocean coupling was implemented using the OASIS3-MCT model coupling toolkit. Two-way coupling ocean feedback to the atmosphere is limited to sea surface temperature. We have compared modeled atmosphere–ocean fluxes and sea temperatures from both setups to platform and CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) measurements from three locations in the northern Adriatic. We present objective verification of 2 m atmosphere temperature forecasts using mean bias and standard deviation of errors scores from 23 meteorological stations in the eastern part of Italy. We show that turbulent fluxes from both setups differ up to 20 % during the bora but not significantly before and after the event. When compared to observations, two-way coupling ocean temperatures exhibit a 4 times lower root mean square error (RMSE) than those from one-way coupled system. Two-way coupling improves sensible heat fluxes at all stations but does not improve latent heat loss. The spatial average of the two-way coupled atmosphere component is up to 0.3 °C colder than the one-way coupled setup, which is an improvement for prognostic lead times up to 20 h. Daily spatial average of the standard deviation of air temperature errors shows 0.15 °C improvement in the case of coupled system compared to the uncoupled. Coupled and uncoupled circulations in the northern Adriatic are predominantly wind-driven and show no significant mesoscale differences.

Re-entry communication through a plasma sheath using standing wave detection and adaptive data rate control

Radio blackout during the re-entry has puzzled the aerospace industry for decades and has not yet been completely resolved. To achieve a continuous data link in the spacecraft's re-entry period, a simple and practicable communication method is proposed on the basis that (1) the electromagnetic-wave backscatter of the plasma sheath affects the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna, and the backscatter is negatively correlated to transmission components, and (2) the transmission attenuation caused by the plasma sheath reduces the channel capacity. We detect the voltage standing wave ratio changes of the antenna and then adjust the information rate to accommodate the varying channel capacity, thus guaranteeing continuous transmission (for fewer critical data). The experiment was carried out in a plasma generator with an 18-cm-thick and 30-cm-diameter hollow propagation path, and the adaptive communication was implemented using spread spectrum frequency, shift key modulation with a variable spreading factor. The experimental results indicate that, when the over-threshold of VSWR was detected, the bit rate reduced to 250 bps from 4 Mbps automatically and the tolerated plasma density increased by an order of magnitude, which validates the proposed scheme. The proposed method has little additional cost, and the adaptive control does not require a feedback channel. The method is therefore applicable to data transmission in a single direction, such as that of a one-way telemetry system.

A Study on the Communication Agent Model for One-way Data Transfer System

In order to protect an internal system from malicious attacks outside, a trial of separating a network logically and physically is made these days. Still, physical network separation is vulnerable to social engineering hacking. For the reason, main organizations in charge of national infrastructure facilities need to establish a safer network. The control system of the organizations is separated from business network and is being operated in a closed environment, however, their hacking accidents, such as data leakage by security USB loss and virus infection over the internet, occurred. In the circumstance, it is hard to ensure that the control system being separated from business network is safe. If control information in a business network is sent to a control system without any control, it is possible to cause massive damage to the national system. Accordingly, this thesis proposes a one-way data transmission system. The proposed system receives and processes information which is sent to a business network from a control system, but does not transmit control information of a business network. In this way, under any circumstances, it is impossible to access an infrastructure system via an internal control network from an outside network, and thus it is possible to protect national infrastructure facilities safely.

Flexural performance evaluation of composite steel deck one-way slab system with SFRC

The slab is one of the most important members in building structures because it covers the largest area of the building. The structural type and construction method of a slab can have a large influence on the construction period and the amount of structural materials. This study investigates a simplified one-way slabsystem with simple construction procedures. The simplified slab system consists of a composite steel deckplate and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) without conventional steel reinforcing bars. The compositesteel deck plate can replace the tensile reinforcing bars and concrete form, and the SFRC makes temperaturereinforcement unnecessary. Four specimens were tested to analyze the flexural performance and serviceability.The test results were analyzed from the viewpoints of flexural performance regarding flexural load capacity,stiffness, deflection, crack development, and failure mode. The test results indicate that the overallflexural performance of the system was suitable in slab members, even though reinforcing bars were not used.It has higher flexural stiffness and shows lower crack height than a conventional RC slab.

Performance Comparison of Reservation Based and Instant Access One-Way Car Sharing Service through Discrete Event Simulation

A car sharing service has been highlighted as a new urban transport alternative for an environmentally friendly economy. As the demand for the service from customers increases, car sharing operators need to introduce a new service such as a one-way option that will allow customers to return the car to different stations. Due to the complexity of the one-way system, it needs to be managed and optimized for real cases. This paper focuses on developing a simulation model in order to help operators evaluate the performance of the one-way service. In addition, this research demonstrates a strategy for an open one-way service that can increase revenue and customer satisfaction. A real case dataset is used for investigation to find the best result from the simulation. The result showed that the total number of cars, number of one-way reservations and station size have an impact on one-way performance. Thus, company profit and customer satisfaction can be maximized by optimizing these factors.

Design of a simple, lightweight, passive-elastic ankle exoskeleton supporting ankle joint stiffness.

In this study, a passive-elastic ankle exoskeleton (PEAX) with a one-way clutch mechanism was developed and then pilot-tested with vertical jumping to determine whether the PEAX is sufficiently lightweight and comfortable to be used in further biomechanical studies. The PEAX was designed to supplement the function of the Achilles tendon and ligaments as they passively support the ankle torque with their inherent stiffness. The main frame of the PEAX consists of upper and lower parts connected to each other by tension springs (N = 3) and lubricated hinge joints. The upper part has an offset angle of 5° with respect to the vertical line when the springs are in their resting state. Each spring has a slack length of 8 cm and connects the upper part to the tailrod of the lower part in the neutral position. The tailrod freely rotates with low friction but has a limited range of motion due to the stop pin working as a one-way clutch. Because of the one-way clutch system, the tension springs store the elastic energy only due to an ankle dorsiflexion when triggered by the stop pin. This clutch mechanism also has the advantage of preventing any inconvenience during ankle plantarflexion because it does not limit the ankle joint motion during the plantarflexion phase. In pilot jumping tests, all of the subjects reported that the PEAX was comfortable for jumping due to its lightweight (approximately 1 kg) and compact (firmly integrated with shoes) design, and subjects were able to nearly reach their maximum vertical jump heights while wearing the PEAX. During the countermovement jump, elastic energy was stored during dorsiflexion by spring extension and released during plantarflexion by spring restoration, indicating that the passive spring torque (i.e., supportive torque) generated by the ankle exoskeleton partially supported the ankle joint torque throughout the process.

쿠마 켄코의 건축에 나타나는 목재 접합방식에 관한 연구

This study deals with a comparative analysis of wooden assembly methods between Japanese traditional architecture and Kuma, Kengo's works. Kuma, Kengo has known as an architect who pursues Japanese architectural traditions with integrated solutions for built and natural environments, and expresses a deep commitment to unexpected use of materials such as stone and wood with the clarity of structural solutions. Accordingly, his architecture focuses on the appreciation of the spatial relationship with the surrounding, its local characters, and the selection of materials. This article first examines two of wooden assembly methods that have been shown in Japanese traditional architecture such as 'two-way system' and 'one-way system'. And then, Kuma, Kengo's wooden assembly methods in his works are analyzed and compared in relation to Japanese wooden assembly methods to find out similarities and differences between them. Then, it concludes that Kuma, Kengo's approach is not only relying on the methods of Japanese traditional architecture, but also exploring creative ways beyond traditional assembly methods.

Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Optimal Power Control in One-Way and Two-Way Relay System

This paper considers optimal power control solutions in one-way and two-way relay system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). First, we develop SWIPT protocols for one-way and two-way relay systems, where two terminals exchange data assisted by an energy-harvesting relay node which gathers energy from the received signal by using a power splitting scheme and forwards the received signal by using the harvesting energy. For one-way relay system, the closed-form solution for optimal power splitting ratio is derived to maximize the system throughput. For asymmetric two-way relay system, we propose a novel power splitting strategy to maximize system throughput. Considering the total transmit power constraints, we develop a semi-closed form solution for power allocation among all nodes by exploiting convex optimization technology. It is shown that the optimal power allocation in two-way relay system would degrade into one-way relay mode if the relay node is close to one of the terminals. For symmetric two-way relay system, a closed-form solution for power allocation and power split ratio is derived. The performances of the three systems are compared numerically. It is revealed that the proposed power allocation algorithm can improve the transmission rate without consuming additional resource compared with non-cooperation relaying scheme.