One-way System Research Articles

Photochemical Synthesis of 7,12-Dioxa[8]helicene and Density Functional Theory Studies: Unravelling the One-Way Valve System Involving Steric Crowding and Aromatic Stability.

C2 symmetric chiral 7,12-dioxa[8]helicenes were synthesized through a series of photochemical E-Z isomerization, electrocyclic reaction, and oxidation steps in a stepwise sequential manner at both the ends of 2,9-di((E)-styryl)naphtho[2,1-b:7,8-b']difuran. The chemical transformations complemented with density functional theory (DFT) studies delineate some fundamental concepts, exhibiting counter current effects, namely, destabilization caused by increasing steric crowding and stabilization caused by aromatic units on the overall transformation. The calculated energy profile diagram unravels the formation of photoinduced intermediate species with increasing free energies for the E-Z isomerization and the electrocyclic reactions; the reverse processes for the said steps are prevented by a specific barrier-less oxidation step forming aromatic rings, presenting a one-way valve situation. The steric crowding-related increase in free energy and its counterbalancing by aromaticity have been illustrated for the helicene system using DFT studies. HOMA analysis shows that each individual ring in 7,12-dioxa[8]helicene exhibits a strong aromatic character, supporting the Fries model empirically. Interestingly, despite the nonplanar and sterically crowded geometry, 7,12-dioxa[8]helicene displayed a large HOMO-LUMO gap, typical of aromatic compounds.

Optimizing fleet, staff configuration and operational strategies in one-way mixed fleet carsharing systems: a Lagrangian relaxation-based approach

ABSTRACT This study explores enhancing carsharing services by integrating gasoline and electric vehicles into a one-way mixed fleet carsharing system (OMFCS). The focus is on optimizing configurations (fleet and staff size, initial deployment) and operational strategies (vehicle relocation and staff rebalancing) while considering carbon emission costs. Employing a space-time-electricity network modeling approach, we developed an integer linear programming model to tackle the configurations and operational strategies optimization problem. For solving this model, we introduce a Lagrangian relaxation-branch bound approach, which integrates subgradient, dynamic programming and greedy-based heuristics algorithm. An illustrative case and a real-world case are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution method and the analysis sheds light on the configurations and operational strategies of OMFCS. The sensitive analysis results suggest that OMFCS is more profitable and balances user service quality and carbon emissions better than carsharing systems using only one type of vehicle.

Efficiency-oriented vehicle relocation of shared autonomous electric fleet in station-based car-sharing system

Long waiting delays for users and significant imbalances in vehicle distribution are bothering traditional station-based one-way electric car-sharing system operators. To address the problems above, a “demand forecast-station status judgement-vehicle relocation” multistage dynamic relocation algorithm based on the automatic formation cruising technology was proposed in this study. In stage one, a novel trip demand forecast model based on the long short-term memory network was established to predict users' car-pickup and car-return order volumes at each station. In stage two, a dynamic threshold interval was determined by combining the forecast results with the actual vehicle distribution among stations to evaluate the status of each station. Then vehicle-surplus, vehicle-insufficient, vehicle-normal stations, and the number of surplus or insufficient vehicles for each station were counted. In stage three, setting driving mileage and carbon emission as the optimization objectives, an integer linear programming mathematical model was constructed and the optimal vehicle relocation scheme was obtained by the commercial solver Gurobi. Setting 43 stations and 187 vehicles in Jiading District, Shanghai, China, as a case study, results showed that rapid vehicle rebalancing among stations with minimum carbon emissions could be realized within 15 min and the users’ car-pickup and car-return demands could be fully satisfied without any refusal.

An experimental investigation of various trickle collector structures to enhance solar water heater efficiency

This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of the solar water heater (SWH) due to the increasing demand of renewable energy. It compared use three different solar collector models, namely Model A (square-shaped polycarbonate), Model B (v-corrugated zinc), and Model C (trapezoidal aluminium) to identify the most cost-effective configuration. The models were subjected to experiments in real operating conditions during the summer season in Indonesia. Various parameters, including solar radiation intensity, wind speed, inlet and outlet temperatures, and flow rate, were measured every 10 min from morning to afternoon. Additionally, the study employed a trickle and one-way flow rate system. The results showed that Model B achieved the highest total efficiency at 50%, followed by Models A and C at 47% and 34%, respectively. The 120 Lph flow rate exhibited better performance in absorbing useful heat energy than the 240 Lph flow rate. Based on these findings, all three models were recommended for the household-scale SWH applications. Model A showed the most promising economic value but had a shorter lifespan due to the tendency of polycarbonate to deform. In contrast, Model B and Model C, using zinc and aluminium, offered longer lifespans.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

This paper aims to fill the gap in existing research by examining the impact of blockchain technology on supply chain management, particularly its ability to retrospectively trace events in the chain. For example, in pharmaceuticals, blockchain automatically records information like expiration dates, reducing the need for human involvement. By implementing this backward technology, we've simplified processes for suppliers and manufacturers, allowing the system to identify defective or expired items autonomously, saving time and costs. Previously, the supply chain operated as a one-way system without return options, but now, with blockchain integration, relevant parties are informed about necessary replacements from the manufacturer's end. Blockchain's integration into supply chain management is a significant advancement, offering unparalleled transparency, traceability, and security in logistics and distribution. This article explores how blockchain can revolutionize established supply chain practices, delving into applications like tracing goods from origin to destination, using smart contracts for automated agreements, and secure data exchange while protecting privacy. Case studies highlight advantages such as reduced expenses, risks, and improved compliance. Blockchain, as a decentralized ledger system, provides instant, unchangeable record-keeping and cryptographic validation, instilling confidence among stakeholders. In supply chain management, this means identifiable product origins, better tracking, less fraud, and quicker dispute resolution. However, challenges like scalability, energy use, and network interoperability exist, underscoring the need for industry collaboration and standardization efforts

Revealing spatiotemporal characteristics of EV car-sharing systems: A case study in Shanghai, China

Electric vehicle (EV) car sharing, as an emerging mode of transportation, has been paid increasingly amount of attention by scholars in recent years. However, at the operational level, we still know very little about its spatiotemporal characteristics, especially its temporal associations with land use patterns. In this study, we comprehensively investigated these two aspects by utilizing longitudinal data of the one-way EV car-sharing system in Shanghai, China, with a total count exceeding 50,000 vehicles in 2018. The results showed an unmatched coupling relationship in terms of the spatial dimension between EV car-sharing flow communities and intra-city administrative divisions. For the temporal dimension, we found that, unlike the conventional division of peak and non-peak hours, there are nine different types of car use behaviors in terms of temporal variations in EV car-sharing travel in Shanghai. We further revealed that such temporal variations, in terms of temporal attractiveness, can be significantly affected by land-use characteristics, including healthcare services, lifestyle services, companies and enterprises, and scientific, educational, and cultural services, indicating a strong and complex interaction between land use and the pattern in car use behaviors of this emerging mode of transportation. This data-driven study offers new insights into EV car-sharing operations and provides better understanding of EV car-use behaviors, which may promote evidence-informed decisions and policymaking for megacity authorities.

Performance analysis of two-way multi-users cooperative communication system based on GSPIM-DCSK scheme

Based on the Joint Grouping Subcarrier-Permutation Index Modulation-DCSK (GSPIM-DCSK) system, we provide a new two-way multi-user half-duplex cooperative communication system in this work. Given its many benefits, the GSPIM-DCSK modulation is specifically selected as a choice for network coding techniques. A permutation index is used in the GSPIM-DCSK system to incorporate additional data bits with the modulating and carrier index bits. Establishing a cooperative multiuser system where users attempt to make contact with one another over a common relay is the main goal of this effort. Multi-user nodes and a single relay with a cooperative operator on staff for decoding and forwarding make up this system. To avoid interference from other users, the user’s nodes multiplex across various time intervals. We derive analytical expressions for the average bit error rate (BER) of the GSPIM-DCSK multi-user cooperative communication system in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multiple paths Rayleigh fading channels. The analytical and simulated average BER findings have been contrasted to verify the accurateness of the average BER analysis. Additionally, a comparison is presented between the average bit error rate (BER) performance of a novel GSPIM-DCSK cooperative system and an established DCSK cooperative system. The throughput and link spectral efficiency of this novel cooperative system are analyzed and compared with those of existing traditional cooperative systems. For the two-way two-user cooperative system, this comparison is done with two-way two-user systems like DCSK-CC and one-way cooperative system based on CIM-SR-DCSK-CC; for the two-way three-user cooperative system, it is done with scheme1 and scheme2. To compare and assess the performance of various systems, simulation results are employed. Furthermore, an analysis demonstrates how the proposed cooperative system, when combined with GSPIM-DCSK techniques, improves the efficiency of conventional cooperative DCSK systems.

Implementasi Multibeam Echosounder sebagai Alat Bantu Pencarian Rambu Penuntun yang Runtuh di Alur Pelayaran Sungai Kapuas Pontianak

The Pontianak Kapuas River has a narrow shipping lane with a one-way route system. To reduce the danger in sailing in the shipping channel, a navigation tool is needed in the form of cardinal buoy. Based on the information obtained, there is a cardinal buoy 1 that has collapsed and endangered the shipping lanes. So it is necessary to carry out a hydrographic-bathymetric survey using the Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) technology. This survey aims to identify the coordinates and direction of the cardinal buoy object. The sounding method is a method used to obtain water depth data in the survey area. After processing the data, it was found that the coordinates of the cardinal buoy that collapsed were 0°4'29" N - 109°10'02" E and experienced a position shift of around ± 38 meters. The cardinal buoy that have been found do not block the shipping lanes because of their position as far as 240.39 meters from the shipping lanes. For this reason, the cardinal buoy that has collapsed does not need to be lifted, only a marker bouy is given,

Data assimilation for online model calibration in discrete event simulation

The increasing availability of real-time data collected from dynamic systems brings opportunities for simulation models to be calibrated online for improving the accuracy of simulation-based studies. Systematical methods are needed for assimilating real-time measurement data into simulation models. This paper presents a particle filter-based data assimilation method to support online model calibration in discrete event simulation. A joint state-parameter estimation problem is defined, and a particle filter-based data assimilation algorithm is presented. The developed method is applied to a discrete event simulation of a one-way traffic control system. Experiments results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method for calibrating simulation models’ parameters in real time and for improving data assimilation results.

Strategi Komunikasi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Serang dalam Sosialisasi Kebijakan Program Sistem Satu Arah Jalan Kaujon Serang

Traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in many major cities, including the Kaujon area in Serang. Kaujon is one of the densely populated areas in the city of Serang, which has experienced rapid growth in recent years. The high population growth, supported by the development of infrastructure and the local economy, has led to transportation problems, particularly traffic congestion, becoming increasingly concerning. The objective of this research is to understand the communication strategies and steps taken by the Serang City Transportation Department in socializing the One-Way System Program Policy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and employs a case study, which involves using empirical evidence from one or more cases to study the problem within its context. The results of this study reveal that the Serang City Transportation Department employs communication strategies to socialize the One-Way Kaujon policy to the community. These socialization efforts involve various approaches, including but not limited to the following: 1) Operational Approach; 2) Persuasive and Educational Approach; 3) Coordinative Approach. As a result, information about and the policy of the One-Way System can be conveyed and implemented in Kaujon, Serang City, for the smooth flow of traffic on the city's roads.

Simulation of the impact of tram operations on road network performances

The City government of Semarang has a plan to build a tram way in Semarang Old City Area as a public transportation mode to accommodate tourism activities. The existence of tram way can impact the performance of existing road network due to being built on existing roads side by side with other vehicles. Street network performances discussed in this paper are on the vehicle-kilometres travelled (VKT), and vehicle-hours travelled (VHT), to determine the aforementioned changes, traffic simulation was done with PTV VISSIM software. Vehicle-kilometres travelled decreased by 12,76%, vehicle-hours travelled increased by 10,54%. To minimize the impacts, two mitigation scenarios are simulated, mitigation 1 which is one-way system and mitigation 2 the combination of one-way system and signal optimizations. In mitigation scenario 1 the value of VKT decreased by 13,12%, VHT decreased by 0,65% compared to existing conditions. In mitigation scenario 2 the value of VKT decreased by 17,54%, VHT decreased by 4,93%.

The Leaching Process of Acid Sulphate Soil by One-and Two-Way Flow Systems in the Katingan Swamp Irrigation Area

The Katingan Swamp Irrigation Area, established in 1980, has an important role in supporting food security in Indonesia. It needs to be reclaimed to increase agricultural production, especially for leaching acid sulphate soil. The swamp irrigation area was expanded and rehabilitated so that the two-way flow became a one-way flow system to support the leaching process. This study aims to assess the discharge and water quality alterations in the Katingan main channel after the change of flow system. The aim is achieved by comparing the outcomes obtained from one-way and two-way flow simulations. The simulation used a mathematical model based on water level, water quality, and land topography data collected in the field. According to the findings, the two-way system demonstrates that fresh water from the river has not been able to improve water quality (pH) at the end of the primary channel, thereby leading to extreme acidity in those regions. Meanwhile, a one-way flow facilitates efficient circulation and delivers fresh water to the farthest service regions. Effective water circulation is important to enhance water quality in agricultural areas that have recently expanded. The current study focuses on mid-irrigation. Future research may cover the entire irrigation network for in-depth analysis.

The Impact of Physical Setting on the Development of Street Character (Case Study: Ahmad Yani Street, Tegal)

The development of city facilities and infrastructure is one of the indicators that can be seen to find out how the development of a city area is. The city of Tegal is one of the cities that is currently making improvements in its urban areas, namely by repairing and arranging public spaces in the city of Tegal. One of the results of the improvement and arrangement of public spaces in the City of Tegal is the arrangement of the corridor for Jalan Ahmad Yani, City of Tegal. Ahmad Yani Street in Tegal City is a secondary local road with the status of a city road in the center of Tegal City. Arrangements made on Jalan Ahmad Yani are such as implementing a one-way system for vehicles, providing parking pockets and making improvements to the pedestrian path area. This research will discuss how changes in the physical setting that occurred on Jalan Ahmad Yani after repairs and rearrangements have been carried out so that they affect the formation of a new character and identity of the street space. In addition, this research will also discuss the impact on the community and the environment around Jalan Ahmad Yani from changes in the physical setting. This study uses a qualitative research method with descriptive analysis which aims to explain what phenomena occur in the field and examine based on existing theory. The results of this study are expected to be able to explain how the physical setting of a street space can influence and create character for that street space.

Minimally Invasive Posterior Spinal Nonfusion Surgery in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using a Bipolar One-Way Self-Expanding Rod System: Protocol for a Single-Center Clinical Cohort Study.

The current surgical treatment for patients diagnosed with progressive and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of the correction of the spinal curvature, followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). However, research has uncovered short- and long-term complications of posterior spinal fusion in patients with AIS. Minimally invasive growing rod techniques have successfully been used to treat patients with early-onset scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis. It may be questioned if minimally invasive posterior spinal nonfusion (PSnF) surgery with bipolar instrumentation can be used for the treatment of AIS. This study will be performed to monitor the efficacy and safety of PSnF surgery by using a commercially available Conformité Européenne-certified spinal implant consisting of bilateral bipolar one-way self-expanding rods (OWSER) for the treatment of patients diagnosed with AIS. In 14 selected patients with AIS with Lenke 1-6 curves, minimally invasive PSnF surgery with the OWSER system is performed after the failure of conservative treatment (curve progression of >5° within 1 year). The patients are over 7 years of age, with a major Cobb angle of ≥30°, sufficient flexibility, and a Risser stage of ≤2. Patients will be followed over time, according to the standard medical care. Efficacy will be measured using radiological and patient satisfaction assessments and safety will be determined by the amount of perioperative complications. Patient inclusion started on November 17, 2021 and we hope to finalize patient inclusion by the beginning of 2025. The first results will be expected by the beginning of 2024. Minimally invasive PSnF in patients with AIS is presented as a less invasive surgical technique that prevents the progression of the scoliotic curve and that allows minor posture correction of coronal imbalance. This will be the first study to examine whether the PSnF bipolar OWSER instrumentation will be the next generation of surgical instrumentation in AIS. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04441411; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04441411. DERR1-10.2196/47222.

Synthesis of highly self-N-O-dual doped unique carbon blooming flower-like nanofiber derived novel snake-plant waste for ultrahigh energy of solid-state-supercapacitor

This research expected to foster a novel bio-organic-derived highly Nitrogen (N)-Oxygen (O) self-dual-doped carbon (C) nanofiber (N/OCNF) using the green snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata lauretii) for supercapacitor. The O-N doped carbon nanofibers were synthesized using a one-way system pyrolysis approach. The material conductivity was maintained through a binder-free dense circular design. The synthesized optimum CNF exhibited unique blooming flower-like nanofiber, connected nano-network, high mesopores ratio of 41 %, and enriched N (16.42 %) and O (4.35 %) heteroatoms. In the symmetrical cell shape, 850 N/OCNF-SP as optimum precursor exhibited an excellent capacitive feature of 347 F/g with retention capacity and coulombic efficiency were 76.94 % and 95.27 %, respectively. The symmetrical cell showed impressive energy output of 27.37 Wh kg−1 with low internal resistance of 0.72 Ω. This research proved a newly bio-organic-derived self-N/O double doped carbon nanofiber using one-way systems for excellent energy-power output of solid-state supercapacitor.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ECCENTRICITY OF ALIDADE OF ELECTRONIC TOTAL STATIONS

The article presents the results of a study of the alidade eccentricity of modern electronic total stations. Accurate and high-precision electronic total stations were chosen as the subjects. The studied electronic total stations have a one-way and two-way limb counting system and are equipped with absolute type barcode limbs. The eccentricity of the alidade was determined from the fluctuation of the collimation error obtained for different orientations of the alidade. The research results showed that the maximum value of the alidade eccentricity in all the total stations studied is two or more times higher than the accuracy of angular measurements declared by the manufacturer.

Investigating dynamics of lentiviral vector secretion from HEK293T producer cells using a fractionated perfusion system.

Mammalian cell culture is quickly becoming the go to engineering vehicle to mass produce viral vectors in a manner that is safe, convenient, reproducible, and cost and scale effective. Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, in particular, have been utilized and customized (via differentiated transgene expression, modified culture parameters, addition of cytostatic culture agents) to increase vector yields. However, less attention has been made to understanding innate processes within the cells (such as, immune response, cell cycle, metabolism) themselves to better control or increase viral vector product yield. Accordingly, herein, the variation in viral production was studied from HEK cells over time using a one-way perfusion system and bioreactor to study the impact of external factors on secretion dynamics without retrotransduction. Specifically, the impact of cell density on viral titer, transduction efficiency, and LDH, was studied. Next, we look at the impact of using an inflammatory reporter cell line on viral output, and the secretion dynamics from HEK cells when we use sodium butyrate (cell cycle arrest agent). Lastly, we assess how downregulation of the PDK pathway increases viral titer. Altogether, we investigated the impact of various interventions to increase transient protein expression and viral output from HEK cells in a controlled and measurable environment to ultimately increase the efficiency of HEK cells for downstream clinical applications.

Vehicle relocation and staff rebalance problem in one-way free-floating car-sharing system: A novel multi-iteration probabilistic greedy algorithm

This research aims to address the staff-based vehicle relocation problem that arises in a one-way car-sharing system operating in a combined mode, in which both on-street parking slots and parking hubs are utilized. The objective of the problem is to determine the relocation plan for vehicles and travel routes for staff with the minimum operational costs. A novel mathematical model is proposed to control the model size, in which the parking spaces constraint is considered without introducing dummy nodes. Then, based on the structure of the model, a heuristic algorithm with tailored operators and the initial solution generation method is proposed to solve the problem. The experimental results demonstrate that, with the tailored operators and solving strategies, the proposed method outperforms commercial solvers and other existing heuristic algorithms in terms of both solving efficiency and solution quality. Furthermore, a group of test cases generated from real cases is utilized to examine the performance of the relocation plan in different scenarios. The results indicate that the overall operation costs of the car-sharing system could be effectively controlled by distributing parking capacities among parking hubs evenly. In addition, the proposed model and high-efficiency algorithm also enable decision-makers to test the performance of the car-sharing system in various scenarios and help them to get a better understanding of the system.

Simulation and optimization of dynamic-hybrid parking reservation strategies for one-way vehicle-sharing systems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore the regulation of one-way station-based vehicle-sharing system (OSVS) through dynamic-hybrid parking reservation policies. We first propose a dynamic-hybrid parking reservation policy. This policy only requires trips with expected travel distances shorter than a specific threshold to make a parking reservation. The distance threshold varies with time. We develop a discrete event simulation model based on the O2DES (object-oriented discrete event simulation) framework to compare the dynamic-hybrid parking reservation (DHPR) strategy with the no-reservation (NR), static-hybrid parking reservation (SHPR) and complete parking reservation (CPR) strategies. Furthermore, we propose a simulation-optimization model and an Elitism-based Genetic algorithm with the optimal computation budget allocation to determine the fleet size, station capacity, and dynamic reservation distance threshold. The analysis of case studies of a real-world system indicates that DHPR is always superior to NR, SHPR and CPR.

Effect of Colchicine Concentration and Exposure Duration on the Growth and Flowering of Petunia hybrid L.

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of three concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.2, 0.5%,) with different exposure times (24, 36, 48 hours) on petunias for growth and flowering characteristics. experiment was carried out with a design The randomized complete Block design (RCBD) with a one-way system, and the results of the study showed the following: The cause of colchicine exposure a significant increase in most of the studied growth characteristics and the superiority of exposure. The treatment with colchicine excelled 0.5 at the time of 36 hours by giving the least rate of plant height, the most, the number of leaves, the largest leaf area, and the largest plant spread (38.03 cm, 77.7 leaf plant−1, 952 cm2, 20.86 branch plant−1), respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of branches. On the plant, the colchicine alkaloid had a significant effect on most of the studied flowering traits, early flowering at the time of flowering, and the highest mean of flowering number, flower diameter, and focal age (85.33 days, 22.33 plant flower−1, 9.517 cm, 74 days), respectively. The concentration of colchicine 0.5% and the time of 36 hours recorded the highest rate of anthocyanin pigment chlorophyll in the plant, reaching 7.01% and 38.06 mg gm wet weight, respectively.