One-way ANOVA Research Articles

How Fanatic? Examining the Relationship between Sports Team Evangelism and Media Fanaticism

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sports team evangelism and media fanaticism levels of Atatürk University Faculty of Sports Sciences students. The research was conducted with a total of 320 students studying Faculty of Sports Sciences at Atatürk University. In the study, Sports Team Evangelism (eFANgelism) Scale and Fans' Motivation to Follow Their Teams on Social Media Scale were applied by using the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. Independent Sample T-Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data. In cases where a significant difference was observed as a result of One-Way Analysis of Variance, Post Hoc (Tukey) test was applied to find the source of the difference. In order to determine the relationship between the scales, "Pearson Correlation" analyzes were performed and evaluated at the p < .05 significance level. A significant difference was found in the gender variable in the participants' sports team evangelism levels (p < .05). Significant difference wasn't found in the variables of age, sports license status, income level, department, and favorite team. Significant differences were detected in the participants' motivation to follow their teams on social media in terms of gender, sports license status, department and favorite team variables. No significant difference was found in age and income level variables. It was concluded that there was a highly positive relationship between the participants' sports team evangelism levels and their motivation to follow their teams on social media. It can be said that as the participants' level of sports team evangelism increases, their motivation to follow their teams on social media also increases; as the level of sports team evangelism decreases, their motivation to follow their teams on social media also decreases.

Characterizing miR-20a-3p Expression in the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aim: This study aims to elucidate the role of miR-20a-3p in the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, thereby enhancing the development and advancement of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by fostering the proliferation and viability of tumor cells. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate the potential of miR-20a-3p as a prognostic biomarker for more effective treatment strategies in OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: This observational, analytical study utilized a convenience sampling method, involving a total of 63 OSCC biopsy samples and corresponding nontumor oral tissues from the same patients. The expression levels of miR-20a-3p were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical information, including tumor stage, and grade was obtained. Statistical analysis included unpaired Student’s t tests to compare miR-20a-3p expression levels between normal and OSCC samples, and one-way ANOVA to compare expression across different grades and stages of the tumor, using SPSS version 19. Results: Our findings demonstrate that miR-20a-3p expression was significantly downregulated in OSCC samples compared to healthy controls ( p < .001). Additionally, we observed a correlation between miR-20a-3p downregulation and OSCC histological grade and staging. miR-20a-3p expression levels were significantly different across different grades of OSCC, particularly between well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) ( p < .006) and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and PDSCC ( p < .008). There was a significant difference in miR-20a-3p expression between normal tissues and Stage II ( p < .006) and Stage IV ( p < .001) OSCC. Conclusion: The study confirms that miR-20a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in OSCC and holds potential as a biomarker for prognosis and personalized treatment strategies. miR-20a-3p expression is significantly reduced in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues, and its levels vary with tumor grade and stage. These findings underscore the importance of further research into miRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Casei on Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) Levels in Rats Norvegicus Strain Wistar Post Ovariectomy

Estrogen causes the growth of lactobacillus colonies in the vagina which convert glycogen in superficial vaginal cells into lactic acid, resulting in a low vaginal pH which can inhibit the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. After menopause, lactobacillus growth is inhibited, vaginal secretions become thin, vaginal pH increases and the immune system becomes low. This study aims to determine the effect of Lactobacillus Casei extract on secretory immunoglobulin A levels and reduce vaginal acidity levels (pH) and increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the vaginal mucosa. The research design used was an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design using 24 female rats aged 8-10 weeks with a weight of 180-220 grams. Before treatment, the rats were ovariectomized, and the acclimation period was 14 days, then divided into 4 groups, namely: (K) without treatment, P1 received Lactobacillus Casei extract at a dose of 2ml / rat, P2 at a dose of 2.25ml / rat, and P3 at a dose of 2.5ml / rat. Lactobacillus Casei extract was given orally for 14 days. On the 15th day all rats were terminated. Vaginal acidity levels were measured using the swab method and IgA was measured using the ELISA method, while for bacterial identification tests, gram-positive staining was performed. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that Lactobacillus Casei extract can increase IgA levels and significantly reduce vaginal acidity levels by p = 0.003 and p = 0.000. The decrease in acidity levels is due to the deordelin bacillus which converts glycogen into lactic acid so that the vagina remains acidic, as well as the role of S-IgA on the surface of the vaginal mucosa which functions as an opsonin and APC (antigen-presenting Cell) to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the vagina. This study concludes that the administration of Lactobacillus Casei extract can increase secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) levels and reduce vaginal acidity (pH) to normal.

Size-controllable synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods via fluorine modulation: applications in dental adhesives for enhanced enamel remineralization

BackgroundThere has been little application of fluorine-substituted hydroxyapatites (FHAs) in dental adhesives. Previous studies primarily focused on the effect of fluoride content on enamel remineralization, neglecting the role of FHA particle size. This study aimed to synthesize uniform FHA nanorods of varying sizes by adjusting the fluorine doping levels, and to investigate the synergistic effects of the fluorine content and nanorod size on enamel remineralization by incorporating the FHA nanorods into adhesives.MethodsFHA nanorods with varying fluorine doping levels and sizes were synthesized based on a hydrothermal method. The characterization analyses of FHA nanorods were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite adhesives containing 10 wt% different FHA nanorods were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The colloidal stability, light-curing poperties, and degree of conversion (DC %) were assessed. The shear bond strength (SBS) was determined and the failure mode analysis was reported. The release of Ca2+ and F− within 30 days was detected. The remineralization was evaluated via SEM, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, and micro-hardness through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD method, Welch test, Tamhane test, Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05).ResultsUniform FHA nanorods of varying sizes were synthesized by adjusting the fluorine doping level (2 wt%, 6 wt%, and 10 wt%). The lengths of these FHA nanorods were 505.31 ± 104.43 nm, 111.27 ± 22.89 nm, and 66.21 ± 12.68 nm, respectively. The composite adhesives containing FHA nanorods showed good colloidal stability and appropriate light-curing properties. The SBS of composite adhesives decreased due to the incorporation of FHA nanorods, but the values still remained within the clinically required range. Three groups of the composite adhesives could release Ca2+ and F− continuously. The group of 10 wt% F-doped HA nanorods with shorter lengths exhibited more mineral deposition and absorption of Ca²⁺ onto the adhesive and enamel surfaces.ConclusionsThe strategy of adding the synthesized FHA nanorods into dental adhesives can be an effective approach to promote enamel remineralization, while maintaining adequate bond strength. The 10 wt% F-doped HA nanorods with shorter lengths exhibited superior remineralization.

Growth Performance and Digestibility of Red Sokoto Goat Fed Jatropha curcas Kernel Cake Treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Good quality feed has been a major challenge in livestock production in the tropics, especially during the dry season, which is characterized by low-quality forages. Good nutrition is important because it is associated with improving the performance, health, reproduction and productivity of animals. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance and digestibility of Red Sokoto goats fed Jatropha curcas kernel cake treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Twenty Red Sokoto goats with average weight of 8.20±1.1kg were completely randomized into diets A (control: 0% Jatropha curcas kernel cake), B (10% Pseudomonas treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), C (15% Pseudomonas treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), and D (20% Pseudomonas a treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake). Jatropha curcas kernel cake was used as a replacement for groundnut cake over a 70-day experimental period. Data was analyzed as one-way ANOVA in SAS and means were separated with Duncan multiple range test at alpha of 5%. There was significant variation in the crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber of the experimental diets. A significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in the dry matter intake of the animals with values of 433.48g, 426.46g, 339.29g and 328.78gfor diets A, B, C and D respectively. Dry matter intake was significantly lower (p<0.05) for animals fed diets C and D. The crude protein (12.02-15.85%), crude fiber (5.88-8.76%) and gross energy (376.97-388.43Kcal/100g) contents were adequate for animals of such age. The nutrient digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) higher in diets supplemented with treated jatropha kernel cake. There was no significant difference in the weight gain of the animals on diets A, B and C, however, animals fed diet D had significantly (p<0.05) lower weight gain and average daily gain. It was concluded that treatment of Jatropha curcas cake with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was effective in detoxifying Jatropha curcas kernel cake as it has no deleterious effect on growth performance and improved nutrient digestibility of the experimental animals.

Nutritional Evaluation of Complimentary Food Produced from Malted Rice (Oryza sativa), Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum) Flour Blends Using Albino Rats

Complimentary food is any food or drink given to infants in addition to breast milk or formula when breast milk alone is no longer enough to meet their nutritional needs. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional qualities of complementary food produced from malted rice (Oryza sativa), tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) using Albino Rats. The complimentary foods were produced from varied ratios (100:0:0; 80:15:5;70:25:5; 82.5:10:7.5; 80:10:10 and 77.55:10:12.5 respectively) of malted rice, defatted sesame seed and tiger nut flour with the aim of meeting the energy and protein needs of infants at age 6 to 24 months. The protein quality, serum biochemical and haematological indices of albino rat fed with prepared complimentary foods were determined using standard methods. Ogi and Cerelac were use as the control samples. The data obtained were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (25.0). The data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the average mean scores separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p<0.05. The protein qualities; PER, NR, BV, NPU and TPU increased from 0.23 to 0.24, 1.48 to 3.00, 66.91 to 80.09, 0.64 to 0.67 and 64.38 to 70.92%, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 to 25%) but deceased with addition of tiger nut flour. The biochemical indices that is the total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, creatine and urea increased from 6.48 to 7.21 g/dL, 2.30 to 3.30 g/dL, 121.2 to 168.20, 5.30 to 6.20, 27.00 to 55.20, 21.21 to 26.07 and 4.90 to 5.10 µ/L, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut (0-12.5%). The haematological parameters include WBC, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC increased from 7.64 to 8.87 x 103mm3, 8.30 to 8.96 x103mm3, 17.70 to 18.37 g/dl, 44.00 to 50.00%, 56.00 to 63.00 fl, 21.70 to 22.50 pg, 30.00 to 33.00 g/dL, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut flour (0 to 12.5%). The quality of the protein of the produced complementary food is higher than the locally prepared ogi but compared favourably with the commercially produced cerelac

The Effect of Designing an Interactive Digital Platform Based on Design Thinking Skills on Developing Awareness of EDT among University Students

The current research aimed to improve university students’ understanding of emerging and new digital technologies by developing an interactive digital platform. Consequently, three groups of undergraduate students from King Khalid University’s College of Education were randomly selected. These groups were called the empirical group (consisting of 31 students who used the Edx platform), the control group (consisting of 33 students who used the standard training strategy), and the second empirical group (consisting of 34 students who used the Blackboard platform). The research findings were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. The second research hypothesis was thus rejected because, after applying the measure of awareness of Emerging digital technologies (EDT), there was a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) in the mean scores of the first empirical group (which used the Edx platform), the second empirical group (which used the Blackboard platform), and the control group (which used the standard procedure). The findings showed that university students’ awareness of EDT increased higher when they utilized the Edx platform than when they used the Blackboard platform or the training strategy.

ChatGPT for Univariate Statistics: Validation of AI-Assisted Data Analysis in Healthcare Research.

ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence developed by OpenAI, has rapidly become an invaluable tool for researchers. With the recent integration of Python code interpretation into the ChatGPT environment, there has been a significant increase in the potential utility of ChatGPT as a research tool, particularly in terms of data analysis applications. This study aimed to assess ChatGPT as a data analysis tool and provide researchers with a framework for applying ChatGPT to data management tasks, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. A subset of the National Inpatient Sample was extracted. Data analysis trials were divided into data processing, categorization, and tabulation, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. For data processing, categorization, and tabulation assessments, ChatGPT was prompted to reclassify variables, subset variables, and present data, respectively. Descriptive statistics assessments included mean, SD, median, and IQR calculations. Inferential statistics assessments were conducted at varying levels of prompt specificity ("Basic," "Intermediate," and "Advanced"). Specific tests included chi-square, Pearson correlation, independent 2-sample t test, 1-way ANOVA, Fisher exact, Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Outcomes from consecutive prompt-based trials were assessed against expected statistical values calculated in Python (Python Software Foundation), SAS (SAS Institute), and RStudio (Posit PBC). ChatGPT accurately performed data processing, categorization, and tabulation across all trials. For descriptive statistics, it provided accurate means, SDs, medians, and IQRs across all trials. Inferential statistics accuracy against expected statistical values varied with prompt specificity: 32.5% accuracy for "Basic" prompts, 81.3% for "Intermediate" prompts, and 92.5% for "Advanced" prompts. ChatGPT shows promise as a tool for exploratory data analysis, particularly for researchers with some statistical knowledge and limited programming expertise. However, its application requires careful prompt construction and human oversight to ensure accuracy. As a supplementary tool, ChatGPT can enhance data analysis efficiency and broaden research accessibility.

Effect of irrigation protocols for post space preparation on the bond of the resin luting agent and post to a hydraulic calcium silicate filled root: An in vitro study.

The hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSSs) used in endodontic treatments have been reported to interfere with the bond of the post to root canal dentin. Post space irrigation plays a significant role in optimizing the bond, but which protocol is effective for cleaning HCSS-smeared intraradicular dentin is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) as an adjunct to different irrigation protocols, including with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and root regions on the push-out bond strength of a self-etch primer-assisted resin luting agent adhered a post to root canal obturated with hydraulic calcium silicate sealer. The palatal root of 60 human maxillary premolars were shaped and obturated with gutta-percha and HCSS (iRoot SP). The post space was prepared using a peeso reamer and double taper drill, and the specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=10) according to the following irrigation protocols: distilled water with conventional syringe, distilled water with PUI, 17% EDTA with PUI, 2% CHX with PUI, 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl with PUI, and 17% EDTA + 2% CHX with PUI. Fiber-reinforced posts (DT Light-Post) were cemented with dual-polymerizing resin luting agent with self-etching primer (Panavia V5). Specimens underwent 6000 thermocycles, were sectioned into 3 slices, and were tested for push-out bond strength and failure mode. The 2-way mixed ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H, Dunn post hoc, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis (α=.05). The PUI/EDTA/NaOCl group exhibited significantly higher push-out bond strength than irrigation with distilled water, whether incorporated with PUI or not (P=.001 and P=.007, respectively). The root region showed no statistical effects on bond strength (P>.05). The irrigation protocol was significantly associated with failure mode (P=.049). PUI with EDTA/NaOCl followed by distilled water improved the bond strength of self-etch primer-assisted resin luting agent and fiber-reinforced post to an HCSS-obturated tooth. Alternative irrigation protocols did not significantly enhance bond strength.

Leveraging artificial intelligence to promote COVID-19 appropriate behaviour in a healthcare institution from north India: A feasibility study

Background & Objectives Non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) were crucial in curbing the initial COVID-19 pandemic waves, but compliance was difficult. The primary aim of this study was to assess the changes in compliance with NPIs in healthcare settings using Artificial intelligence (AI) and examine the barriers and facilitators of using AI systems in healthcare. Methods A pre-post-intervention study was conducted in a north-Indian hospital between April and July 2022. YOLO-V5 and 3D Cartesian distance algorithm-based AI modules were used to ascertain compliance through several parameters like confidence threshold, intersection-over-union threshold, image size, distance threshold (6 feet), and 3D Euclidean Distance estimation. Validation was done by evaluating model performance on a labelled test dataset, and accuracy was 91.3 per cent. Interventions included daily sensitization and health education for the hospital staff and visitors, display of information, education and communication (IEC) materials, and administrative surveillance. In-depth interviews were conducted with the stakeholders to assess the feasibility issues. Flagged events during the three phases were compared using One-way ANOVA tests in SPSS. Results Higher social distancing (SD) compliance events were flagged by the module in the intervention phase compared to the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases (P<0.05). Mask non-compliance was significantly lower (P <0.05) in the pre-intervention phase and highest in the post-intervention phase, with varied differences between different intervention phases in the registration hall and medicine out-patient department (OPD). The modules’ data safety, transfer, and cost were the most common concerns. Interpretation & conclusions AI can supplement our efforts against the pandemic and offer indispensable help with minimal feasibility issues that can be resolved through adequate sensitization and training.

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИЯ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ МЕДИ В МИОКАРДЕ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The purpose of the study is to assess the hereditary nature of copper accumulation in the heart muscle of Holstein bulls bred in the ecological and climatic conditions of Western Siberia. The results of assessing the level of copper in the myocardium of Holstein bulls aged 12–13 months, which are the descendants of 4 sires, are presented. Blood was taken from animals with a live weight of 330–365 kg, bred in a large livestock enterprise located in Western Siberia. The level of copper in the myocardium of bulls was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between groups. η2 was used as a test to assess the effect size, and Tukey’s test was used for post hoc comparisons. It was found that the average copper content in the myocardium of Holstein bulls was 3.24 ± 0.04 mg/kg. Phenotypic variability of copper concentration in the heart muscle was characterized by low values. The established differences (p-value < 0.05) in copper content in the offspring of different sires reflect the genetic determination of the accumulation of this metal in the heart muscle. The strength of influence of the factor of paternal affiliation of bulls on the level of copper content in the myocardium was 35 %. The level of copper in the myocardium was higher by 0.52 mg/kg in the offspring of the bull Fabio compared to the sons of Brio. The reference interval for myocardial copper content based on the central 95 % percentile with 90 % confidence intervals was 2.9 (2.78 – 3.02) – 3.7 (3.57–3.82) mg/kg.

Woody Species diversity and population structure along an Altitudinal gradient in Yegof Mountain Forest in North East of Ethiopia

Environmental gradients (altitude) are the factors that determine the woody species diversity and population structure of a given forest. This study was conducted to determine the influence of altitude in the Yegof mountain forest’s woody species diversity and population structure within three altitudinal gradients: upper altitude (UP); lower altitude (LA) and middle altitude (MA). A total of 57 quadrats of 20 m by 20 m, 5 m by 5 m and 2 m by 2 m with nine horizontal transect lines were used for collecting the data on tree, shrub, and regenerating population, respectively. The vegetation data were analysed statically in one-way analysis of variance using R software. The study area, Yegof Mountain, showcases a rich diversity of plant species, revealing a total of 57 species across 49 genera and 37 families. These species are categorized into various growth forms, with 25 species (45%) identified as shrubs, 18 species (33%) as trees, 5 species (9%) as tree/shrubs, and 8 species (14%) as climbers. The composition of woody species varies significantly across different altitudinal gradients. In the LA gradient, 31 species were recorded, with 12 being unique; the MA gradient contained 37 species, also with 12 unique species; while the UA had 24 species, with only 7 unique. Elevation is a crucial factor influencing species diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index values, which show UA having the highest diversity (3.03), while LA and MA presented lower but similar values (2.65 and 2.73, respectively). The combination of greater environmental heterogeneity, reduced competition and moderate disturbance at higher altitudes facilitates the coexistence of a greater number of species compared to lowland areas, and the regeneration status of a population gives a positive response as altitude increases. Thus, it is imperative to implement better ecological, policy, and socioeconomic measures in the area, particularly in LA, when compared to the other gradients.

Anxiety induced by artificial intelligence (AI) painting: An investigation based on the fear acquisition theory.

This article aims to systematically investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) painting tools on multidimensional social-psychological anxieties, specifically focusing on privacy violation, bias behavior, job replacement, and learning anxiety. Based on the fear acquisition theory framework, this study investigates the dimensions of anxiety induced by AI painting. Through questionnaire surveys, first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, and one-way analysis of variance, the study successfully measures the multidimensional impact of AI painting on psychological anxiety. Study results indicate significant differences in anxiety levels across dimensions. Privacy violation and bias behavior are found to elicit the highest levels of anxiety, with average scores of 3.77 and 3.85, respectively, on a 1-5 scale. Conversely, job replacement and learning anxiety demonstrate relatively lower scores of 3.49 and 3.30. A more in-depth variance analysis highlights substantial gender differences in privacy violation anxiety, with females registering a significantly higher average score of 3.90 compared to men's 3.58. Furthermore, educational level is shown to significantly impact the anxiety levels of job replacement and learning anxiety; individuals with no more than a high school education scored markedly higher than those with undergraduate or postgraduate degrees. This study reveals the significant impact of AI drawing tools on triggering multidimensional anxiety in individuals and underscores the important role of gender and education level in the different anxiety dimensions elicited by AI drawing tools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The effect of pomegranate peel extract and apple cider vinegar as an irrigants in disinfecting the necrotic primary root canal

This in-vivo study aims to assess pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) efficacy in disinfecting the necrotic primary teeth root canals. Forty-five primary incisors in thirty children. The treatment was performed under local anesthesia with rubber dam isolation. Sterile paper points were inserted for 60 s to collect the first bacterial swab (S1). Root canal walls were prepared and irrigated with 22 mL within 5 min according to the following groups (randomly with 1:1:1 allocation ratio): Group A: (n = 15) with 5% PPE, Group B: (n = 15) with 5% ACV, and Group C: (n = 15) with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Canals were dried with paper points, and paper point was placed in each canal for 60 s to collect the second bacterial swab (S2). Bacterial colonies were counted after 48-hour incubation at 37 °C and the bacterial counts in the S1 and S2 for each sample were compared using the decimal logarithm. Intra-group comparisons were made using Paired sample t and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Between-groups comparisons were made using One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Independent Samples tests. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. PPE demonstrated a 60.43% reduction in CFU count, ACV demonstrated a 51.56% reduction in CFU count, while NaOCl showed an 87.49% reduction in CFU count. Although NaOCl has shown effectiveness in reducing bacterial counts, PPE and ACV have also displayed some antibacterial activity. However, their overall efficacy is less established, which raises questions about their viability as a natural alternative to a 5% NaOCl.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Different Intraoral Scanners in Endocrown Restorations.

This in vitro study aimed to assess the trueness and precision of various intraoral scanners (IOSs) in relation to endocrown restorations. One human mandibular molar was mounted within an acrylic resin block. The tooth was prepared for an endocrown restoration, involving a 2-millimeter cusp reduction, a 3.5-millimeter pulp chamber depth, and a butt joint margin. The sample was scanned by three different IOSs (3Shape TRIOS 4, Carestream 3800, and Medit i700), with 10 scans taken by each, and then converted into STL files. A high-precision scanner captured a reference scan, which was also converted into an STL file. Trueness was assessed by superimposing each sample scan onto the reference, while precision was determined by superimposing the STL files within each group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test and the Mann Whitney U Test (α = 0.05). The study found that TRIOS 4 exhibited the highest trueness. (22.44 ± 15.01 μm), followed by Medit i700 (24.59 ± 12.80 μm) and CS 3800 (29.05 ± 7.75 μm). In terms of precision, CS 3800 had the best results (21.55 ± 8.87 μm), followed by Medit i700 (43.80 ± 17.42 μm) and TRIOS 4 (47.28 ± 13.93 μm). Only the differences between the precision of the CS 3800 and the other two scanners were statistically significant. The study found that all three scanners had similar trueness, but CS 3800 had significantly better precision than the other two scanners. However, all of the scanners demonstrated acceptable levels of accuracy in the context of endocrown preparation.

In Vitro Biomechanics of Attachment Use and Their Placement for Extrusive Tooth Movement by Aligner Mechanotherapy.

The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the biomechanics of aligners utilising attachments and the effect of their placement for extrusion. An invitro Orthodontic SIMulator (OSIM) was used to measure forces and moments produced through aligners incorporating attachments. The maxillary teeth on OSIM were digitally scanned to generate an STL model that was modified by placing a rectangular shaped attachment. Four models were designed with variation in attachment placement: Model NA-no attachment; model BA-buccal attachment; model LA-lingual attachment; model BL-both buccal and lingual attachments. Aligners (n = 30/model) were fabricated using a 0.75 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate material using a Biostar machine following the manufacturer's recommendations. A one-way MANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of models on occlusogingival force (Fz) and mesiodistal moment (Mx) at 0.20 mm of gingival displacement of the left lateral incisor. The BL model exerted maximum Fz (1.22 ± 0.20 N), followed by models BA (1.18 ± 0.25 N) and LA (1.07 ± 0.19 N). The model NA exerted a negligible Fz (0.14 ± 0.08 N) that was statistically different from all other models. The models BA and LA generated Mx that has the tendency to tip the crown of tooth lingually (10.00 ± 3.12 Nmm) and buccally (-1.29 ± 2.26 Nmm), respectively. The models show statistically significant differences between models BL, BA and LA. There was no statistically significant difference between models BL and NA. The experimental evidence suggest that attachments on the lateral incisor could improve the predictability of extrusion forces applied with aligners. The models BL and LA provided favourable biomechanics by generating clinically significant extrusion forces without significant tipping of the lateral incisor tooth.

Investigating the Consumer Choices of Gen Z: A Sustainable Food System Perspective

Background/Objectives: Developing nutrition-oriented and more responsible consumer behaviors is crucial for the well-being of current and future generations. Food choice determinants and concerns of Gen Zs—also referred to as Post-Millennials, or Zoomers—were explored from a sustainable food system perspective to identify factors encouraging young people to be on the front line of this much-needed transformation. Methods: Quantitative data were collected with the use of the CAWI method from 650 adults representing Generation Z living in Polish cities. Statistical analysis identified three consumer segments, and cluster (CL) means were statistically contrasted using a one-way ANOVA with Scheffé tests for post hoc comparisons. Results: The research results indicate that the key considerations of food choice in the studied Gen Z sample are taste, price, and health. External factors, such as social media influencers and consumer trends, play a relatively minor role in decision-making. Gen Zs were more aware of the link between their eating patterns and health than the link between their eating habits and the natural environment. Members of the biggest cluster (CL3), constituting 48.3% of the total sample, declared the highest level of agreement with statements referring to links between diet, environment, and health from the food system perspective. This most allo-centered (community-oriented, altruistic) consumer segment, differing significantly with gender to other CLs was more concerned about climate change and protecting the natural environment and open to changing its dietary habits. Conclusions: Implementing research-based policy measures focusing on Generation Z, especially young women, as potential leaders and drivers of food system change is recommended.

The impact of apolipoprotein E, type ∊4 allele on Alzheimer's disease pathological biomarkers: a comprehensive post-mortem pilot-analysis.

The apolipoprotein E type ∊4 allele (ApoE4) is known as the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Meanwhile, many aspects of its impact on AD pathology remain underexplored. This study conducts a systematic data analysisof donor data from the Seattle Alzheimer's Disease Brain Cell Atlas. Our investigation delves into the intricate interplay between identified biomarkers and their correlation with ApoE4 across all severities of AD. Employing Pearson R correlation, and one-way and two-way ANOVA tests, we elucidate the pathological changes in biomarkers and the altering effects of ApoE4. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of tau observed in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) marked by the AT8 antibody, emerges as the most correlated factor with other pathological biomarkers. This correlation is mediated by both tau and amyloid pathology, suggesting a higher hierarchical role in determining AD pathological effects than other biomarkers. However, non-ApoE4 carriers exhibit a more significant correlation with disease progression severity compared to ApoE4 carriers, though ApoE4 carriers demonstrate significance in exacerbating the effect of accumulating phosphorylated tau and amyloid plaques assessed by AT8 and 6E10 antibodies. Furthermore, our analysis does not observe dramatic neuronal changes in grey matter across the span of AD pathology. Glia activation, measured by Iba1 and GFAP, demonstrates an amyloid-specific correlation. This research marks the first human post-mortem analysis providing a comprehensive examination of prevailing AD biomarkers and their interconnectedness with pathology and ApoE4 genetic factor. Limitations in the study are acknowledged, underscoring the need for further exploration and refinement in future research endeavors.

Non-communicable diseases in Saudi adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and implications for public health

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Saudi adolescents, focusing on obesity, conduct disorder, asthma, and anxiety, and to identify potential risk factors associated with these conditions.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 2,160 adolescents sourced from official government databases and peer-reviewed literature. Statistical methods included one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with significance set at p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe prevalence of NCDs among Saudi adolescents was 11.8%. Obesity was the most common condition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, p = 0.006), followed by conduct disorder (OR = 1.12, p = 0.041), asthma (OR = 1.09, p = 0.036), and anxiety (OR = 1.06, p = 0.042). Pearson’s correlation revealed significant associations between these disorders and adolescence stages.ConclusionObesity, conduct disorder, asthma, and anxiety are significant health challenges for Saudi adolescents. These findings highlight the role of lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity. Targeted interventions are needed to promote healthy behaviors and mitigate the long-term risks of these conditions.

Effect of different ceramic materials and dentin sealing on occlusal veneers bond strength and fracture resistance

BackgroundThe effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) or delayed dentin sealing (DDS) on bond strength of different ceramic occlusal veneer restorations, was not examined yet, but the digital quantification of surface area of preparations helped in the calculation of the actual bond strength of these restorations, besides that, dentin sealing could influence the fracture resistance values of different ceramic occlusal veneer restorations.This study aimed to examine the effect of different dentin sealing strategies and different restorative materials on the debonding forces, bond strength and fracture resistance of occlusal veneer restorations.Materials and methodsHuman mandibular molars (N = 64/test) were prepared for occlusal veneer restorations fabricated from Lithium disilicate ceramic (LS) (control group), Zirconia-reinforced lithium Silicate ceramic (ZLS), High translucent zirconia ceramic (HZ), and Resin nano ceramic (LU) (n = 16). Each material was subdivided according to IDS or DDS application, (n = 8). Bond strength testing and fracture resistance values were measured using universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of the two variables, dentin sealing and material selection, and their interaction (α = 0.05), followed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc or Student t-test for further determination of significance.ResultsFor debonding forces and bond strength testing there were significant differences regarding different materials and dentin sealing strategies, while for fracture resistance, the material selection had a significant effect on it with no significant effects of dentin sealing strategies. The interaction between materials and dentin sealing showed no significant differences concerning all tests. For debonding forces and bond strength there was a higher result related to IDS application than DDS (p < 0.001*), and there was a significant effect of material selection on them (LS > ZLS > HZ > LU), (p = 0.001*). Regarding the fracture resistance there was significant increase of all studied materials than LU (p = 0.002*).ConclusionImmediate dentin sealing increased the required debonding forces of occlusal veneers made of different materials and their bond strength without significant effect on their fracture resistance, however this improvement was found to be material dependant. All the used materials can withstand lateral and occlusal forces higher than the values recommended for restoring posterior teeth.