One-way ANOVA Statistical Test Research Articles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EMULGEL OF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr SEED EXTRACTS

Anti-inflammatory drugs are needed to overcome excessive inflammatory reactions that can interfere with activities. The existence of side effects in the use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs causes the search for natural drugs with high therapeutic effects and low side effects to continue. Seeds of Makassar (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) plant are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Topical anti-inflammatory administration is currently being developed because it can minimize side effects compared to oral. This study aimed to formulate 96% ethanol extract of Makasar fruit seeds in the form of an emulgel and to determine the physical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of the emulgel in vitro. Makasar fruit seeds were extracted by sonication method using 96% ethanol solvent (3 x 35 minutes). The extract was then formulated into an emulgel preparation with an extract concentration of 1%. Emulgel was then tested for its physical properties and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro using protein denaturation inhibition method. The results showed that the physical properties of emulgel base (F0), extract emulgel (F1), and Na-diclofenac emulgel (F2) met the requirements for homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity tests. F0, F1, and F2 had inhibition percentages of 3.74±1.58%,; 23.07±0.72%; and 33.49±0.29, respectively. According to one-way ANOVA statistical test, the three tested groups had significant differences.

PEMERIKSAAN KADAR ALANIN AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) TERHADAP LAMA PAPARAN KARBON MONOKSIDA PADA PEKERJA BENGKEL DI JEMUR WONOSARI SURABAYA

Carbon monoxide is one of the most important pollutants and has toxic properties if the gas is inhaled by humans. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ALT enzymes become one of the biomarkers that affect liver damage. The ALT enzyme is a transferase enzyme that is released when the liver is damaged. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) on workshop workers on the examination of ALT levels. The research method used is an experimental method with a one-shot case study design on 27 respondents of workshop workers in the Jemur Wonosari area of ​​Surabaya. ALT levels were measured using a photometer and analysis of ALT levels was carried out using the One-way ANOVA statistical test using SPSS. The results showed the average ALT levels in group X1 (long working 1-5 years) of 38.26 u/l while the average result in group X2 (long working 6-10 years) was 40.38 u/l and average results in group X3 (long working 11-15 years old) is 41.11 u/l. One way ANOVA statistical test obtained a significance value of 0.484> 0.05. So the conclusion obtained in this study is that there is no effect of long exposure to carbon monoxide on the examination of ALT levels in the blood of workshop workers in Jemur Wonosari Surabaya.

EFEK INHALASI MINYAK KAYU PUTIH (Melaleuca leucadendron) TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL SPERMATID MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI STRES AKUT


 Stress refers to events that can affect a person's physical and psychological condition, including in the process of spermatogenesis. Eucalyptus oil has an antidepressant effect which acts to prevent the stress from continuing. This study aims to determine how the administration of eucalyptus oil inhalation on the number of spermatid cells in male mice (Mus musculus) exposed to acute stress. This research is a true experimental study with a posttest only control group design approach. A total of 28 adult male mice selected by simple random sampling were grouped into four groups, namely the normal control group (no treatment); negative control group (given exposure to acute stress); positive control group (administered 0.2 mL alprazolam and exposure to acute stress); treatment group (given 0.5 mL of eucalyptus oil and exposure to acute stress). Stress treatment was carried out for six minutes per day in 14 days. The results of the study using the oneway ANOVA statistical test showed that there was a difference between each experimental group (p<0.001). Tukey's further test results showed that there was a significant difference between the eucalyptus oil group given stress exposure with intervention and the negative control group given stress exposure without intervention (p<0.001). This proves that eucalyptus oil has a preventive effect on stress and prevents a decrease in the number of spermatid cells.

Bioviability of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Nanoencapsulation from Synthesis of Anadara granosa Shells on Fibroblast Cell Line BHK-21 Cell Culture

The purpose of this research is to measure the toxicity of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoencapsulation resulting from 18 hours of hydrothermal process on Anadara granosa (A. granosa) shell and 3 hours of sintering. The encapsulation process was carried out to reduce the side and toxic effect, as well as to inhibit the speed of calcium solubility, which can prevent the tunnel effects. The result of cell viability data that analysed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test showed there was no significant difference between the A. granosa shell encapsulation processes with treatment groups of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours. The highest viability occurred in treatment group 2, with the A. granosa shell encapsulation stirred process of 2 hours. Therefore, the A. granosa clam shell nanoencapsulation was proved to be non-toxic and can be used in dentistry therapy.

ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF KELAKAI LEAF (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f) Bedd)

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. The Kenyah Dayak community in East Kalimantan often use kelakai leaf to treat fungal diseases. The plant contains tannins, flavonoids, steroids that have potential as antifungals. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Kelakai Leaf (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd). This research is a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. The research subjects used Candida albicans culture, with 7 treatment groups, namely ethanolic extract of kelakai leaf with concentrations of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% 45%, as well as negative control DMSO and positive control used Fluconazole disc. Antifungal activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc method, based on the size of the clear zone that occurs. Data analysis using Oneway Anova parametric test. The result of this research is that the ethanolic extract of kelakai leaf can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans with an average inhibition zone of 5% (2.9 mm), 15% (5.4 mm), 25% (7.1 mm), 35% (7.7 mm), 45% (9.3mm). Oneway Anova statistical test results obtained p = 0.000. So it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd) have an antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Comparison of Wet and Dry Digestions in the Analysis of Fe in Spinach by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

The method of digestion as a part of sample preparation is very important to determine the accuracy of the analysis result. In this study, the methods of wet and dry digestions were applied to determine of Fe content in several kinds of spinach obtained from the traditional market in Denpasar Bali. This research aimed to compare the result of Fe analysis by AAS method using both of digestion methods. This research was divided into several steps starting from sampling, determination of the samples species, sample preparation, digestion by wet digestion using aqua regia and dry digestion in the furnace, and Fe analysis by AAS. The result showed that the concentrations of Fe in root spinach, red spinach, cut spinach, and tricolor spinach through wet digestion method varied between 68.08–105.45 mg/kg, while the concentrations of Fe by dry digestion obtained between 27.52–42.03 mg/kg, which was over the accepted value. Based on the one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significance level of 5%, there was a significant differences of Fe concentration in spinaches by wet and dry digestions.

EFEKTIVITAS ANALGETIK KRIM TIPE M/A EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN RANDU (Ceibapentandra (L) Gaertn) PADA HEWAN UJI MENCIT JANTAN

Randu plant leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn) are commonly used in traditional medicine, one of which is an analgesic with secondary metabolites which are thought to be analgesics, namely flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of the ethanol extract cream of randu leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn) in white male mice (Mus musculus). The research on the analgesic effectiveness of the ethanol extract cream of randum leaves used the hot plate method and used male white mice as the experimental animal media. The soles of the hind legs of the mice were heated over hot plated with a temperature of 550C then the test animals were given the treatment which was divided into 5 treatment groups, namely positive control (Conterpain cream), negative control (F0), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), F3 (20%) and 1 normal group. The response of mice was calculated every 30 minutes in 120 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test followed by the Duncan test with a confidence level of 99%. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences between treatment groups (0.00 <0.05). The results of the Duncan test showed that the group that provided the best analgesic effectiveness was F2 (15%) but not better than Positive Control.

Evaluation of exaggerated claims in the abstracts of systematic reviews reporting accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: a meta research analysis

Abstract Background The latest trend in scientific literature review is to scrutinise the practices of false or biased reporting of findings, which is rightly termed as ‘spin’. In recent years, accelerated tooth movement has gained attention from the orthodontic community, but the findings still remain unclear and controversial. Objectives To estimate the frequency of distorted claims and over-interpretation of abstracts of systematic reviews related to accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. The objective was to differentiate the type of claim and to determine its prevalence. Methods A literature search was performed using the Cochrane library and the top five most prominent orthodontic journals for systematic reviews on accelerated orthodontics were identified by applying appropriate key words. According to pre-set selection criteria, only systematic reviews published between January 2010 and September 2021 were included. The selected articles were scrutinised for the assigned exclusion criteria. The articles were finally scanned for false claims by two independent reviewers. The identified claims fell into either the categories of misleading interpretation, misleading reporting or misleading extrapolation. The obtained data were tabulated and analysed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test to indicate the difference between the different types of reported claims. Results There were 98 systematic reviews identified in total, of which 59 articles met the selection criteria and 39 articles were excluded. Of the 59 included articles, 38 systematic reviews had exaggerated claims. Twenty-two of the reported claims came under the misleading reporting category, 10 fell under the misleading interpretation category and 6 came under the misleading extrapolation category. The difference noted between the reporting prevalence of different types of claim was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In misleading reporting, it was noted that most of the systematic reviews refrained from reporting the adverse effects of treatment. Conclusion The prevalence of exaggerated claims is high in the abstracts of systematic reviews related to accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. It is recommended that a clinician critically assess the claims presented in systematic reviews which are considered to be the hallmark articles of evidence-based practice. Orthodontists should be careful when applying the findings in clinical practice.

Methanol Extracts Formulation of Tambora Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Sembalit Angin Leaves (Mussaendafrondosa L.) and Turmina Rhizome (Curcuma longa) as Candida albicans Antifungal

This study aimed to analyze the combination formula of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and Turmeric Rhizomes using a 2: 1: 3 ratio, and determine its effect on the growth of Candida albicans . The growth indicator was measured based on the growth area of inhibition zone which marked by a clear zone between the outer sides of the paper disc. The growth activity was measured at the incubation period of 1x24 hours, 2x24 hours, and 3x24 hours. The observation data then were analyzed by oneway ANOVA statistical test continued with the Duncan test 1%. The results showed that the combination formula of bioherbal methanol extract of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and turmeric rhizomes had a significant effect on the growth of Candida albicans at 1% significance, proven by the sig value. 0.00 <0.01. Therefore, the combination formula of bioherbal methanol extract of Tambora leaves, Sembalit Angin leaves, and Turmeric rhizomes can be recommended as a combination formula extract that can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans .

The Vitamin C Potential of Sorrel Tree (Averrhoa bilimbi) as LATEX Coagulant

This research aims to determine the vitamin C potential of tree sorrels (Averrhoa bilimbi) as a natural latex coagulant. The researchers employed the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The method consisted of three repetitions with five treatments, namely negative control (without clotting) and positive control, by administering tree sorrel extract (Averrhoa bilimbi) with a volume of 5 ml, 10 ml, 15, and 20 ml. The researchers tested the vitamin C levels using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry DR 6000 with a wavelength of 265 nm to 271 nm. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA statistical test and the LSD to determine the most effective volume as a latex coagulant. The quantitative data were the clotting time and latex weight. The results showed that tree sorrel extract could be used as a latex coagulant. The fastest duration (1.18 minutes) and the highest weight (34.30 grams) of latex were found in the 20 ml volume. At the same time, the lowest yield was at a volume of 5 ml with a clotting time of 5.4 minutes and a weight of 18.62 grams.

Quantitative Assessment of Iodine Intensity of Different Types of Lesions in the Low-Energy (LE) Images of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM)

Purpose: To assess the iodine enhancement intensity of breast lesions in low energy (LE) images obtained in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) with different tissue compositions. Materials and Methods: A 50 mm dedicated phantom with different lesion insert and iodine insert were used to assess the enhancement intensity quantitatively. The target slab of the phantom consists of three lesions + iodine inserts together and 100% adipose equivalent,100% glandular equivalent inserts alone to mimic the adipose and glandular lesion without contrast-enhancement. Each iodine inserts having a concentration of 0.5 mgI/cm3, 1.0 mgI/cm3, 2.0 mgI/cm3. The phantom was exposed under semiautomated function at 28 kV, 30 kV, and 32 kV with Mo/Rh target/filter combination. Iodine intensity was estimated for three types of lesions at three breast equivalent compositions. Results: Lesions with fatty tissue had high intensity while lesions with glandular tissues had the minimum intensity. Among fatty lesions, highest mean intensity value (0.972±0.003) observed with minimum iodine concentration (F + 0.5 mgI/cm3). The highest mean intensity value (0.882±0.001) was found related to the glandular lesion with maximum iodine concentration (G + 2.0 mgI/cm3). The one-way ANOVA statistical test confirmed that mean intensity values were significantly varied among different lesions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LE images obtained in CESM can be used to identify the different types of lesions without performing the full field digital mammography (FFDM) as an additional examination prior to the CESM procedure.

Implantation of bovine hydroxyapatite and secretome with different oxygen concentration may improve massive bone defect regeneration: An experimental study on animal model.

The most widely used biomaterials in the treatment of massive bone defects are allograft bone or metal implants. The current problem is that the availability of allographs is limited and metal implants are very expensive. Mass production of secretome can make bone reconstruction of massive bone defects using a scaffold more effective and efficient. This study aims to prove bone regeneration in massive bone defects using bovine hydroxyapatite reconstruction with normoxic and hypoxic secretome conditions using collagen type 1 (COL1), alkaline phosphate (ALP), osteonectin (ON), and osteopontin (OPN) parameters. This is an in vivo study using male New Zealand white rabbits aged 6-9 months. The research was carried out at the Biomaterials Center-Tissue Bank, Dr. Soetomo Hospital for the manufacturer of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) and secretome BM-MSC culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and UNAIR Tropical Disease Institute for implantation in experimental animals. Data analysis was carried out with the one-way ANOVA statistical test and continued with the Post Hoc test LSD statistical test to determine whether or not there were significant differences between groups. There were significant differences between hypoxic to normoxic group and hypoxic to BHA group at day-30 observation using ALP, COL 1, ON, and OPN parameters. Meanwhile, there is only osteonectin parameter has significant difference at day-30 observation. At day-60 observation, only OPN parameter has significant differences between hypoxic to normoxic and hypoxic to BHA group. Between day-30 and day-60 observation, BHA and normoxic groups have a significant difference at all parameters, but in hypoxic group, there are only difference at ALP, COL 1, and ON parameters. Hypoxic condition BM-MSC secretome with BHA composite is superior and could be an option for treating bone defect.

Validation of UV Spectrophotometry Method for Determination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir Simultaneously

Lopinavir and ritonavir are anti-viral compounds that have similar chemical structures and overlapping UV spectral profiles. The combination of these two compounds is being promoted as an anti-COVID19 drug. Determination of these two compounds simultaneously using UV spectrophotometry method requires special technique so that the result will be valid. The purpose of this study was to obtain a suitable analytical technique using UV spectrophotometry for the determination of lopinavir-ritonavir simultaneously that fulfill the method validation requirement. In this study, the simultaneous equation technique, absorptivity comparison factor, and first derivative technique were used to overcome the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir absorbance at selected wavelengths for determination of each compound simultaneously. The one-way ANOVA statistical test was used to compare the result of the three analytical techniques. The results showed that the three techniques fullfilled the AOAC requirements for selectivity and linearity. The accuracy and precision test result have not met the requirements of the AOAC method validation. Statistically. the one-way ANOVA analysis showed there was a significant difference between the mean recovery of lopinavir using the absorptivity factor and first derivative technique. Whereas, there was no significant differences among the mean of ritonavir recoveries that were determined using those three techniques. As conclusion, that the UV spectrophotometric method using the simultaneous equation technique, the absorptivity factor technique, and the derivative technique for assaying the lopinavir and ritonavir simultaneously met the requirements for selectivity and linearity parameters. However, the accuracy and precision have not met the requirements. The first derivative technique is suitable for further developed for ritonavir and lopinavir determination simultaneously

Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

Uji Efektivitas Mukolitik Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill) Urb)

Dayak Onions are a typical Borneo plant that have been used by generations of Dayaks as herbal medicine. Empirically, tubers can be used as cough medicines. The purpose of this study was to determine the mucolytic effect of Dayak onion tuber extract by in vitro and the concentration range which gaves an equivalent effect with the effect of 0.1% acetylcysteine. This study conducted extraction using maceration. The test solution was made with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% mixed with a mucus-phosphate buffer pH 7 20:80. The test solution was incubated for 30 minutes at 37oC. Further, positive control used was 0.1% acetylcysteine drug and the negative control was mucus solution without extract. Viscosity values obtained were analyzed using the One-way Anova statistical test with a confidence level of 99% (α 0.01). Based on the results, it was revealed that the extract of Dayak tuber with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% showed a significant difference and a concentration of 0.5%. Mucolytic effectiveness was better than positive controls (acetylcysteine).

Shannon entropy measures for EEG signals in tinnitus

Background and AimTinnitus is known as a common clinical symptom, and it comprehensively is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms. Time-varying EEG is considered an appropriate technique to explore brain regions and related activities, and nonlinear methods may extract the irregularities in the EEG signal and gather more expanded information. Therefore, we studied Shannon Entropy in EEG raw data obtained from normal subjects and compared it to data from chronic tinnitus sufferers before and after an intervention. MethodsFrom the qEEG database of Iran University of Medical Sciences, the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, we have selected 23 healthy and 24 chronic tinnitus subjects. Nineteen subjects of the tinnitus group had benefited from a complete course of sound therapy (binaural beat for a month). QEEGs were measured with a 27-channel EEG amplifier in the sitting and eye-closed position for 3 min. Shannon entropy was investigated for all electrodes separately and compared among groups using a one-way ANOVA statistical test. FindingsOur results revealed a significant difference between healthy and tinnitus subjects (p < 0.05). Post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni test showed increased entropy in the tinnitus group for all electrodes (p < 0.05) at low frequencies and most electrodes at mid frequencies. In addition, after the intervention, paired t-test showed a reduction in entropy to somehow above normal control levels for all electrodes at low-frequencies. Such results were accompanying clinical improvement after the intervention. ConclusionThe increased entropy in tinnitus patients might reflect the chaotic behavior of the brain. Nonlinear methods in EEG studies (Entropy) could be of great importance in understanding tinnitus neurophysiology and might potentially be a suitable criterion for clinical practice.

Utilization of Used Cardboard and Vegetable Waste as Growth Media for White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a highly nutritious food with simple cultivation process using sawdust as its main substrate. Nowadays, availability of sawdust become a problem for some mushroom farmers. Cardboard and vegetable wastes are easily found and difficult to maintain. Based on their characteristics, those wastes can be used as mushroom growth media. This study aims to determine the effect of cardboard and vegetable waste on mushroom growth and the best media composition to obtain maximum productivity. Those wastes are used as the main substrate in eleven composition variations with complete randomized design (CRD) analysis method using One-Way ANOVA and simple linear regression statistical test. The results showed, variations in media composition affect the condition of the media which then influence the growth of P. ostreatus. Maximum productivity was found in media composition XI with mycelium growth rate up to 3.91 cm/day, media IX with the biological efficiency up to 45.38%, and media X with the highest total yield up to 97.28 grams. From this study it can be concluded that cardboard and vegetable waste can be an alternative growth substrate for P. ostreatus in urban areas with a maximum concentration of vegetable waste no more than 30% by weight of the media used.

New feature extraction for automated detection of epileptic seizure using complex network framework

Automated classification of an epileptic seizure is very crucial for efficient diagnosis and treatment management in the health monitoring applications. Finding traces of epilepsy through the visual marking of long Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings by human experts is a very tedious, time-consuming and high-cost task. It is always a challenging issue for the researchers and neurologist to automatically detect epilepsy disorder from EEG signals which contains huge fluctuating information about the functional behavior of the brain. The Complex network-based time-series analysis approach has the ability to perfectly describe the principal dynamics of the EEG signals. By considering this fact, this paper aims to propose a graph theory based innovative framework and a new complex network feature that is efficient for the automated classification of EEG signals to detect epilepsy. In this study, we introduce a new method for the mapping of time series EEG signals to complex network. We also develop a new feature, named as “Edge Weight Fluctuation (EWF)” that helps to extract sudden fluctuation in EEG signals. The proposed scheme is tested on two benchmark Epileptic EEG databases (Bern-Barcelona EEG database and Bonn University EEG database). In order to check the validity of our proposed methodology, we perform simulation analysis with two different chaotic signals named as Henon map and Logistic map. We also performed the One-Way ANOVA statistical test. The overall accuracy has achieved 99% for Bern-Barcelona database and 100% for Bonn University database. The experimental results reveal that our proposed methodology is more efficient to distinguish epileptic seizure signal from between diverse EEG signals.

The Effect of Hydrogel Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm) on the Number of Neutrophil Cells in Aggressive Periodontitis Induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (In Vivo Study on Wistar Rats)

Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis is a periodontal disease that runs rapidly, characterized by gross alveolar bone loss, the disease is unprompted by complaints, not related to local aspects.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera hydrogel on the number of neutrophil cells in aggressive periodontitis induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in Wistar rats.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental design with post-test only design with control group design. This study used 24 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups, namely, negative control group (Basic hydrogel), ibuprofen and hydrogel Aloe vera 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%.&#x0D; Results: The test results for the mean number of neutrophil cells in the hydrogel aloe vera group of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, ibuprofen, and negative controls were 120.50 ± 12.92, 78.25 ± 7.37, 47, 25 ± 4.03, 1.00 ± 0.82, 0.50 ± 0.58, and 217.25 ± 62.26. The results of the oneway Anova statistical test obtained p value = 0.001, which means that there is a difference in the number of neutrophils of Wistar rats in all treatment groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The conclusion of this study there is the effect of giving hydrogel aloe vera a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% with ibuprofen on Wistar rats induced by aggressive periodontitis.

The Effect of Hydrogel Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm) on the Number of Neutrophil Cells in Aggressive Periodontitis Induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (In Vivo Study on Wistar Rats)

Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis is a periodontal disease that runs rapidly, characterized by gross alveolar bone loss, the disease is unprompted by complaints, not related to local aspects.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera hydrogel on the number of neutrophil cells in aggressive periodontitis induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in Wistar rats.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experimental design with post-test only design with control group design. This study used 24 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups, namely, negative control group (Basic hydrogel), ibuprofen and hydrogel Aloe vera 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%.&#x0D; Results: The test results for the mean number of neutrophil cells in the hydrogel aloe vera group of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, ibuprofen, and negative controls were 120.50 ± 12.92, 78.25 ± 7.37, 47, 25 ± 4.03, 1.00 ± 0.82, 0.50 ± 0.58, and 217.25 ± 62.26. The results of the oneway Anova statistical test obtained p value = 0.001, which means that there is a difference in the number of neutrophils of Wistar rats in all treatment groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The conclusion of this study there is the effect of giving hydrogel aloe vera a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% with ibuprofen on Wistar rats induced by aggressive periodontitis.