Previous evidence based on the experience of our laboratory showed that one-step gene disruption in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is not straightforward. A systematic study of several factors which could affect gene disruption frequency was carried out. We found that the more critical factor affecting one-step gene disruption in H. polymorpha is the length of the target gene region flanking the marker gene. Target gene regions of about 1 kb flanking the marker gene were necessary to obtain a disruption frequency of about 50%. However, the gene marker, either homologous or heterologous, the locus and the strain examined did not significantly affect the frequency of disruption; the highest disruption frequency obtained for the YNR1 gene was in the strain HMI39, using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae URA3 gene as a marker. Since long regions flanking the gene marker do not allow the easy PCR-mediated strategies, developed for S. cerevisiae, to obtain constructs to disrupt a given gene in H. polymorpha, an alternative PCR strategy was developed.