One-sided Structure Research Articles

Wavelet-Based Self-Attention GAN With Collaborative Feature Fusion for Image Inpainting

Image inpainting is a significant task in the applications of computer vision, that aims to fill in damaged regions with visually realistic contents. With the development of deep learning, generative adversarial network (GAN)-based image inpainting approaches have achieved remarkable progress. However, these methods only utilize one-sided structure information to assist inpainting, which can not achieve satisfactory results, especially when synthesizing large-area missing complex images. In order to tackle this problem, a wavelet-based self-attention GAN (WSA-GAN) with collaborative feature fusion is proposed, which is embedded with a wavelet-based self-attention (WSA) and a collaborative feature fusion (CFF). The WSA is designed to conduct long-range dependence among multi-scale frequency information to highlight significant structure details for better generating texture boundaries. The CFF is presented to couple channel-guided space and space-affected channel streams to facilitate the interaction of spatial and channel features, which can effectively avoid potential domain conflicts. Besides, a novel wavelet consistency loss and a hierarchical pyramid feature matching (PFM) discriminator are introduced to stabilize the model training. Extensive experiments on three public datasets, including Paris StreetView, CelebA-HQ and Places, demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.

B2 0003+38A: A Classical Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar Hosted by a Rotation-dominated Galaxy with a Peculiar Massive Outflow

Abstract We present a detailed analysis of the single-slit optical spectrum of the flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) B2 0003+38A, taken by the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) on the Keck II telescope. This classical low-redshift FSRQ (z = 0.22911, as measured from the stellar absorption lines) remains underexplored in its emission lines, though its broadband continuum properties from radio to X-ray are well studied. After removing the unresolved quasar nucleus and the starlight from the host galaxy, we obtain a spatially resolved 2D spectrum, which clearly shows three components, indicating a rotating disk, an extended emission-line region (EELR), and an outflow. The bulk of the EELR, with a characteristic mass M EELR ∼ 107 M ⊙, and redshifted by v EELR ≈ 120 km s−1 with respect to the quasar systemic velocity, shows a one-sided structure stretching to a projected distance of r EELR ∼ 20 kpc from the nucleus. The rotation curve of the rotating disk is consistent with that of a typical galactic disk, suggesting that the FSRQ is hosted by a disk galaxy. This conclusion is in accordance with the facts that strong absorption in the H i 21 cm line was previously observed, and that Na i λ λ5891, 5897 and Ca ii λ λ3934, 3969 doublets are detected in the optical ESI spectrum. B2 0003+38A will become the first FSRQ discovered to be hosted by a gas-rich disk galaxy, if this is confirmed by follow-up deep imaging and/or integral field unit mapping with a high spatial resolution. These observations will also help unravel the origin of the EELR.

Study of the Feasibility of Conventional MR Images and Magnetic Resonance (MR)/Ultra-Short Echo Time (UTE) Technique in the Evaluation of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in the Axial Plane

The advantage and value of magnetic resonance (MR)-ultra-short echo time (UTE) technique in the displaying the structures of degenerative intervertebral discs were observed through evaluating the lumbar disc degeneration in the axial plane by conventional MR image and MR-UTE technique. A total of 160 examinees screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, and a total of 800 intervertebral disks were involved, and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration was classified by conventional MR image classification method. After the first echo image of MR-UTE technique was integrated with the contour, the image entered UTE cartilage endplate, fibrous ring and osseous endplate. The integrity of the intervertebral disc from the above and below the intervertebral disc and the correlation of the structural endplate with the integrities of cartilage endplate, fibrous ring and osseous endplate under double echo sequence were analyzed, and the correlation analysis of the two categorical variables was conducted using rank correlation analysis. Under the MR-UTE sequence, there was no statistical significant difference in structural integrity constituent ratio (intact structure only on one side, incomplete structure on both side) between the non-low back pain group and the low back pain group (P > 0.05), the proportion of complete structure disappearance was lowest, and the proportion of partial structure disappearance was highest; there was a significant difference in the structural integrity of fibrous ring between the non-low back pain group and the low back pain group (P < 0.05), there was a statistical significant difference in structural integrity of fibrous rings between the two groups (P < 0.05); there was a statistical significant difference in pain degree between the partial structure disappearance group and the complete structure disappearance group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pain degree between the groups (intact structure only on one side and incomplete structure on both side); conventional MR images showed no significant difference in the intervertebral disc degeneration degree between the non-low back pain group and low back pain group (P > 0.05), and the intervertebral disc degeneration degree had no significant correlation with the lower back pain. MR-UTE sequence and T2WI sequence showed that there was a correlation between different intervertebral disc degeneration degrees and the structural integrity distributions of cartilage endplate, osseous endplate and fibrous rings in two groups of patients with or without low back pain (P < 0.05). Whether low back pain exists or not has little effect on the intervertebral disc degeneration degree on T2WI. MR-UTE double echo sequence scan reveals that the intervertebral disc degeneration degree is positively related to the integrity and integrity distribution of cartilage endplate, fibrous ring and bone endplate.

Making Neutrality Credibly Work: The NNSC on the Korean Peninsula

Neutrality is intended to guarantee national security, promote peace, and maximize national interest. The Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) was established in 1953 after the Korean War and was intended to maintain armistice and promote peace on the Korean Peninsula. The NNSC contributed to making the Peninsula more stable. The neutral powers of Switzerland and Sweden, two members designated by one side of the two opposing sides, however, became much weaker over time due to the one-sided structure and its lack of independence from the United Nations Command (UNC). In particular, five preconditions to make neutrality credibly work rarely existed. This examination generates crucial conclusions in terms of the inherent purposes of neutrality, its sustainability, and policy options taken for future consideration. This finding can also be applicable to other neutral states or neutrality-seeking candidates.

One-sided Hopf algebras and quantum quasigroups

ABSTRACTWe study the connections between one-sided Hopf algebras and one-sided quantum quasigroups, tracking the four possible invertibility conditions for the left and right composite morphisms that combine comultiplications and multiplications in these structures. The genuinely one-sided structures exhibit precisely two of the invertibilities, while it emerges that imposing one more condition often entails the validity of all four. A main result shows that under appropriate conditions, just one of the invertibility conditions is sufficient for the existence of a one-sided antipode. In the left Hopf algebra which is a variant of the quantum special linear group of two-dimensional matrices, it is shown explicitly that the right composite is not injective, and the left composite is not surjective.

Micro-optical structures for daylighting and led systems

Different micro-optical structures have been developed for the application in transparent building elements like windows or glazed partitions. In cooperation with the Department of Microstructure Technology, TU Dortmund, as well as partners from research institutions and industry solutions for the following two tasks were elaborated: (1) two-sided structures on glass panes for redirection of direct sunlight into the depth of rooms improving daylighting; and (2) one-sided structures on clear panes, edge-lit by LED, for one-way and selective light emission. High demands were made on the small structures (50–200 μm) as to efficiency of light redirection respectively light emission, and quality of image. Technologies for large scale manufacturing are developed in cooperation with partners from industry. Having tested laboratory samples (100 mm × 100 mm) successfully, larger prototypes are produced in hot embossing and UV embossing technique. Optimization of structure geometry and manufacturing process is continuing while design solutions for component and luminaire integration are developed. Architectural applications in transparent building elements for combined natural and artificial lighting are demonstrated, achieving high quality and low energy room illumination.

Gradient estimates for Neumann boundary value problem of Monge–Ampère type equations

This paper concerns the gradient estimates for Neumann problem of a certain Monge–Ampère type equation with a lower order symmetric matrix function in the determinant. Under a one-sided quadratic structure condition on the matrix function, we present two alternative full discussions of the global gradient bound for the elliptic solutions.

Does Becoming a Platform Pay Off? Reconfiguring the Business Model for Two-Sided Markets

Digital technologies have opened new possibilities for firms to experiment with business models and deliberately change between them when new opportunities arise. We study a widely used platform-based business model in the software industry where consumers can use applications for free while being exposed to advertising that is charged for. Importantly, in this configuration the market structure is two-sided, where both positive direct network effects (i.e. social factors) and negative indirect network effects (i.e. nuisance due to ads) affect usage on the consumers’ side of the platform that then affects demand for ads. Changing from one-sided to two-sided market structure imposes a major systemic change in the business model that may significantly affect the performance of the focal firm. Based on the results from an agent-based simulation model, we find that especially when the initial business model with one-sided market structure is not optimized for performance, the change to the advertising busines...

Border Tourism on the Russian-Chinese Border

Normal 0 false false false RU JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Обычная таблица; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:RU;} The paper focuses on the tourism development strategy of the Amur Oblast called “Twin Cities”. Said initiative became the first attempt of the Russian Far Eastern regions to create the hospitality industry towards Chinese tourists in the Sino-Russian borderlands. Bringing together such sub-disciplines as border tourism, urban planning and territorial development helps to find out the peculiarities of Blagoveshchensk and Heihe relations among other adjacent settlements along the Russian-Chinese border. Detected features give the ground to define “twin-cities” rhetoric around the border city pair under the scrutiny as a touristic brand construction. On the basis on Blagoveshchensk and Heihe investment plans analysis, the author argues that studied initiative might reshape unbalanced one-sided structure of current tourist flow across the Russian-Chinese border.

VERY LONG BASELINE ARRAY MULTI-FREQUENCY POLARIMETRIC IMAGING OF RADIO-LOUD BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QUASARS

We conducted the first multi-frequency polarimetric imaging of four broad absorption line (BAL) quasars using Very Long Baseline Array at milli-arcsecond resolutions to investigate the inclination of the non-thermal jet and test the hypothesis that radio sources in BAL quasars are still young. Among these four sources, J0928+446, J1018+0530, and J1405+4056 show one-sided structures in parsec scales, and polarized emission detected in the core. These characteristics are consistent with those of blazars. We set constraints on viewing angles to $<$66 deg for these jets, in the framework of a Doppler beaming effect. J1159+0112 exhibits an unpolarized gigahertz peaked spectrum component and several discrete blobs with steep spectra on both sides of the central component across $\sim$1 kpc. These properties are consistent with those of young radio sources. We discuss the structures of jets and AGN wind.

The ordinary life of the γ-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 1502+036

We report on multifrequency observations of the γ-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 1502+036 performed from radio to γ-rays during 2008 August–2012 November by Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), Swift (X-ray Telescope and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope), Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and Very Large Array. No significant variability has been observed in γ-rays, with 0.1–100 GeV flux that ranged between (3–7) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1 using 3-month time bins. The photon index of the LAT spectrum (Γ = 2.60 ± 0.06) and the apparent isotropic γ-ray luminosity (L0.1-100 GeV = 7.8 × 1045 erg s−1) over 51 months are typical of a flat spectrum radio quasar. The radio spectral variability and the one-sided structure, in addition to the observed γ-ray luminosity, suggest a relativistic jet with a high Doppler factor. In contrast to SBS 0846+513, the VLBA at 15 GHz did not observe superluminal motion for PKS 1502+036. Despite having the optical characteristics typical of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, radio and γ-ray properties of PKS 1502+036 are found to be similar to those of a blazar at the low end of the black hole mass distribution for blazars. This is in agreement with what has been found in the case of the other γ-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 SBS 0846+513.

VLBA images of the precessing jet of LS I +61°303

Context: In 2004, changes in the radio morphology of the Be/X-ray binary system LSI+61303 suggested that it is a precessing microquasar. In 2006, a set of VLBA observations performed throughout the entire orbit of the system were not used to study its precession because the changes in radio morphology could tentatively be explained by the alternative pulsar model. However, a recent radio spectral index data analysis has confirmed the predictions of the two-peak microquasar model, which therefore does apply in LSI+61303. Aims: We revisit the set of VLBA observations performed throughout the orbit to determine the precession period and improve our understanding of the physical mechanism behind the precession. Methods: By reanalyzing the VLBA data set, we improve the dynamic range of images by a factor of four, using self-calibration. Different fitting techniques are used and compared to determine the peak positions in phase-referenced maps. Results: The improved dynamic range shows that in addition to the images with a one-sided structure, there are several images with a double-sided structure. The astrometry indicates that the peak in consecutive images for the whole set of observations describes a well-defined ellipse, 6-7 times larger than the orbit, with a period of about 28 d. Conclusions: A double-sided structure is not expected to be formed from the expanding shocked wind predicted in the pulsar scenario. In contrast, a precessing microquasar model can explain the double- and one-sided structures in terms of variable Doppler boosting. The ellipse defined by the astrometry could be the cross-section of the precession cone, at the distance of the 8.4 GHz-core of the steady jet, and 28d the precession period.

One-Sided Multivariate Tests for High Dimensional Data

Problem statement: For a multivariate normal population with size smaller than dimension, n<p, the likelihood ratio tests of the null hypothesis that the mean vector was zero with a one-sided alternative were no longer valid because they involved with sample covariance matrix which was singular. Approach: The test statistics for one-sided multivariate hypotheses with n<p were proposed. Results: The simulation study showed that the proposed tests provided reasonable type I error rate for one-sided covariance structures. They also give good powers. The application of these tests was given by testing of one-sided hypotheses on DNA micro array data. Conclusion: Under that there have no such other tests available at present for this kind of hypothesis testing with n<p yet, the proposed tests are good ones. However, the methodology is valid for any one-sided hypotheses application which involves high-dimensional data.

AN Hα NUCLEAR SPIRAL STRUCTURE IN THE E0 ACTIVE GALAXY Arp 102B

We report the discovery of a two-armed mini-spiral structure within the inner kiloparsec of the E0 LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy Arp102B. The arms are observed in H-alpha emission and located East and West of the nucleus, extending up to about 1 kpc from it. We use narrow-band imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys, in combination with archival VLA radio images at 3.6 and 6 cm to investigate the origin of the nuclear spiral. From the H-alpha luminosity of the spiral, we obtain an ionized gas mass of the order of one million solar masses. One possibility is that the nuclear spiral represents a gas inflow triggered by a recent accretion event which has replenished the accretion disk, giving rise to the double-peaked emission-line profiles characteristic of Arp102B. However, the radio images show a one-sided curved jet which correlates with the eastern spiral arm observed in the H-alpha image. A published milliarcsecond radio image also shows one-sided structure at position angle about 40 degrees, approximately aligned with the inner part of the eastern spiral arm. The absence of a radio counter-part to the western spiral arm is tentatively interpreted as indicating that the jet is relativistic, with an estimated speed of 0.45c. Estimates of the jet kinetic energy and the ionizing luminosity of the active nucleus indicate that both are capable of ionizing the gas along the spiral arms. We conclude that, although the gas in the nuclear region may have originated in an accretion event, the mini-spiral is most likely the result of a jet-cloud interaction rather than an inflowing stream.

Imitating trumpet shells: Möbius container molecules

Mobius container molecules C64H8, C60N4H4, and C58N6H2 with topological one-sided characteristics were constructed at the first time by imitating natural trumpet shells. The structure is an open cage with an inner hexagonal bridge. The bridge joints the outer and inner surfaces of the cage to form a new one-sided Mobius structure. The optimized structures of the three molecules in the singlet (the ground state), triplet and quintet states are obtained using the density functional theory (B3LYP). For the ground state structures of the three Mobius molecules, their oxidizabilities are weaker than that of the C60 and reducibilities are close to that of the stable C80 cage and slightly stronger than that of the C60. These may show that the unusual Mobius structures have some stability. Their potential properties were predicted, for example, the special aromaticity of the bridge ring due to the unique interaction between the bridge and the cage wall. These findings enlarge the knowledge of Mobius molecules. The idea of bionic and topological imitating in chemistry may promote the design of new complex-shaped nano-molecules and molecular devices.

A ONE-SIDED PRIME IDEAL PRINCIPLE FOR NONCOMMUTATIVE RINGS

Completely prime right ideals are introduced as a one-sided generalization of the concept of a prime ideal in a commutative ring. Some of their basic properties are investigated, pointing out both similarities and differences between these right ideals and their commutative counterparts. We prove the Completely Prime Ideal Principle, a theorem stating that right ideals that are maximal in a specific sense must be completely prime. We offer a number of applications of the Completely Prime Ideal Principle arising from many diverse concepts in rings and modules. These applications show how completely prime right ideals control the one-sided structure of a ring, and they recover earlier theorems stating that certain noncommutative rings are domains (namely, proper right PCI rings and rings with the right restricted minimum condition that are not right artinian). In order to provide a deeper understanding of the set of completely prime right ideals in a general ring, we study the special subset of comonoform right ideals.

Parsec-scale properties of brightest cluster galaxies

We present new VLBI observations at 5 GHz of a complete sample of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in nearby Abell clusters (distance class <3). Combined with data from the literature, we provide parsec-scale information for 34 BCGs. Our analysis of the parsec-scale radio emission of BCGs and the cluster X-ray properties finds a possible dichotomy between BCGs in cool-core clusters and those in non-cool-core clusters. Among resolved sources, those in cool-core clusters tend to have two-sided parsec-scale jets, while those in less relaxed clusters have predominantly one-sided parsec-scale jets. We suggest that this difference is caused by the interplay between the jets and the surrounding medium. The one-sided structure in non-cool-core clusters may be due to Doppler boosting effects in relativistic, intrinsically symmetric jets whereas two-sided morphology in cool core clusters is probably related to the presence of heavy and mildly relativistic jets that have been decelerated on the parsec-scale. Evidence of recurrent activity is also found in BCGs in cool-core clusters.

VLBA polarimetric observations of the CSS quasar 3C 147

Aims. We report new VLBA polarimetric observations of the compact steep-spectrum (CSS) quasar 3C147 (B0538+498) at 5 and 8.4GHz. Methods. By using multifrequency VLBA observations, we derived milliarcsecond-resolution images of the total intensity, polarisation, and rotation measure distributions, by combining our new observations with archival data. Results. The source shows a one-sided structure, with a compact region, and a component extending about 200 mas to the south-west. The compact region is resolved into two main components with polarised emission, a complex rotation measure distribution, and a magnetic field dominated by components perpendicular to the source axis. Conclusions. By considering all the available data, we examine the possible location of the core component, and discuss two possible interpretations of the observed structure of this source: core-jet and lobe-hot spot. Further observations to unambiguously determine the location of the core would help distinguish between the two possibilities discussed here.

Optimal stopping of Hunt and Lévy processes

Infinite horizon (perpetual) optimal stopping problems for Hunt processes on R are studied via the representation theory of excessive functions. In particular, we focus on problems with one-sided structure, that is, there exists a point x* such that the stopping region is of the form . The main result states that if it is possible to find a Radon measure such that the excessive function induced by this measure via the spectral representation has some very intuitive properties then the constructed excessive function coincides with the value function of the problem. Corresponding results for two-sided problems are also indicated. Specializing to Lévy processes, we obtain, by applying the Wiener–Hopf factorization, a general representation of the value function in terms of the maximum of the Lévy process. To illustrate the results, an explicit expression for the Green kernel of Brownian motion with exponential jumps is computed and some optimal stopping problems for Poisson process with positive exponential jumps and negative drift are solved.

Resistivity Characteristics of Plastic Multi-Barrier ITO Film by the Bending Process

We studied transmittance and electrical resistivity characteristics regarding bending of four other multi-barrier Indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Transmission showed there was about large 90% transmission above 550 nm wavelength at three multi-barrier structures. But, both-side hard coated structure showed relatively low 75% transmission above 550 nm wavelength. Also, resistivity change of four other multi-barrier film showed there was the lowest change at one-side hardcoat structure and the resistivity change of the center was larger than that of the edge.