One-sample T-test Research Articles

The Effect of Picture and Picture Interactive Model to Increase Student’s Learning Motivation in Elementary Science Learning

This research aims to determine the influence of the interactive picture and picture learning model on improving students' learning motivation in elementary school science. The author used quantitative research, which involved the entire class V A population at Oro-Oro Ombo Wetan 1 Elementary School in the academic year 2022-2023. The research method used was Pre Experimental Design with a non-pure experimental model (one-shot case study). Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire to measure the increase in students' learning motivation in class V A. For data analysis, the independent variable (x) was the interactive picture and picture learning model, while the dependent variable (y) was the improvement in students' learning motivation. The analysis used was the one-sample t-test, with a significance level of 5% (0.05), resulting in a significant t-value (2-tailed) of 0.006. Therefore, the obtained significance value of t 0.006 < 0.05 means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Hence, there is an influence of the interactive picture and picture model on improving students' learning motivation in elementary school science at Oro-Oro Ombo Wetan 1 Elementary School in class V A.

Exposure to anesthetic gases in the operating rooms and assessment of non-carcinogenic risk among health care workers

Health care workers employed operating room in hospital and health centers are unavoidably exposed to inhaling toxic gases, including isoflurane and sevoflurane. Chronic contact with these gases increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies and cancers. Risk assessment is an important tool in predicting the possible risk to personnel's health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the concentration of isoflurane and sevoflurane gas in the air of the operating room and estimating the non-carcinogenic risk caused by them. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, according to the occupational method (OSHA 103), 23 samples (isoflurane and sevoflurane) were collected in the air of operating rooms of four selected hospitals in Ahvaz city by using SKC sampling pumps and sorbent tube (Anasorb 747). The samples were determined by used to gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Statistical analysis, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, was used to compare the average concentration of anesthetic gases, and the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. In all analyses, the significance level was 0.05, which was performed by SPSS version 22 software. Result of this study showed that the average concentration of isoflurane in private and general hospitals were 23.636 and 17.575 ppm, respectively. Also, the average level of sevoflurane were 1.58 and 7.804 ppm. According to the results the mean amount of anesthetic gases was within the range recommended by Iran's Occupational and Environmental Health Center and the permissible threshold limit provided by ACGIH. In addition, non-cancer risks from occupational exposure to isoflurane and sevoflurane in selected private and general hospitals were acceptable (HQ < 1). Although the results show that overall occupational exposure to anesthetic gases is less than acceptable but long-term exposure to anesthetic gases may endanger the health of operating room staffs. Therefore, it is recommended to implement some technical controls, including regular inspection of ventilation systems, the use of advanced ventilation systems with high cleaning power, continuous control of anesthesia devices in terms of leakage, and periodic training of related staff.

Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health among Chinese Female Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Effects of Resilience.

(1) Background: The mental health of female healthcare workers is at greater risk during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased psychological stress and heightened work-family conflict. This study investigated whether resilience, as a protective factor for mental health, can safeguard the well-being of female healthcare workers. This study assessed the mental health of female healthcare workers (n = 431) from a small inland city in Central China, explored the impact of work-family conflict on their mental health, and examined the moderating role of resilience. (2) Methods: The main variables were measured using standard tools administered via an online survey. A one-sample t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression were performed with SPSS. A simple slope test was conducted based on the multiple regression results. (3) Results: The analysis revealed that the mental health level of the surveyed female healthcare workers was significantly lower than the national norm (t = 16.36, p < 0.001). Work-family conflict had a significant negative impact on mental health (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), while the interaction effect of resilience and work-family conflict was significant (β = -0.13, p < 0.05), suggesting a moderating effect. (4) Conclusions: Female healthcare workers exhibited poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, but resilience remained a protective factor, mitigating the negative impact of work-family conflict on female healthcare workers' mental health.

Relative Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Disadvantaged Families in Hong Kong.

Individuals with lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable in securing good nutritional quality. It was also found that people who had received a lower education level had greater difficulty in completing the conventional dietary assessment such as a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Previous studies have demonstrated the validity of a short FFQ in Hong Kong's pregnant women, but its validity among a wider community was still unknown. For the present study, we aimed to validate a short FFQ among disadvantaged communities in Hong Kong. Amongst 103 individuals participating in a dietary intervention programme, their dietary data were collected by FFQs and three-day dietary records. Relative validity was assessed by correlation analysis, cross-tabulation, one-sample t-test, and linear regression. In general, water and total energy intake had significant correlations (0.77 for crude water intake and 0.87 for crude total energy intake) between values reported by FFQ and dietary records, good agreement (both with over 50% of observations falling into the same quartile), and insignificant differences between assessment methods reported by one-sample t-test and linear regression. Meanwhile, several nutrients had good agreement in terms of the values reported by FFQ and dietary records, such as energy from total fat, carbohydrates, total fat, cholesterol, phosphorus, and potassium. The results of this study demonstrated that the short version FFQ could be a convenient assessment tool of multiple dietary behaviors, especially in total energy and water intakes.

Evaluation of multidimensional pediatric-psychosomatic inpatient therapy: a pilot study comparing two treatment modalities.

Multidimensional pediatric-psychosomatic inpatient treatment should be considered a highly relevant concept in the German healthcare system. This treatment concept has been successfully integrated to support youth with mental disorders and patients with chronic somatic conditions. Studies on treatment impact and empirical evidence of pediatric-psychosomatic inpatient therapies are rare, despite their clinical significance. Therefore, the study aims to provide initial indications of what constitutes to enhanced treatment effectiveness by comparing two different pediatric-psychosomatic inpatient treatment concepts. The clinics are comparable regarding the treated disorders, which include: dissociative, mood, and somatoform disorders, and psychological factors associated with chronic somatic conditions. Multidimensional treatment in both clinics include components of individual and family therapy, along with group-, art-, music-, creative-, and physio-therapy. Both clinics differed regarding their treatment philosophy in which; Clinic A practiced psychodynamic behavioral elements more strongly, while Clinic B rooted itself more strongly with psychoanalysis and family-dynamic practices. Each clinic recruited 25 patients for the study. They completed two questionnaires both at admission and discharge, which measured general behavioral and emotional problems (YSR); and, respectively, difficulties in emotion perception and processing (TAS-26). The effectiveness of the treatment was examined by conducting one-sample t-test and effect sizes for each clinic. To obtain information on differentiating treatment effects, mixed ANOVAs were calculated. For estimating its influence, the treatment duration was taken into account as a covariate calculating an ANCOVA. In both settings, treatment effects can be observed regarding internalizing problems. For alexithymia, no effects were seen in Clinic B, while in Clinic A, there was a significant reduction. When comparing both clinics, the ANOVAs showed significant interaction effects displaying advantages for Clinic A in the reduction of internalizing, total behavioral problems and alexithymia. Taking into account the treatment duration as a covariate, those effects level out. Significant differences between the clinics were no longer statistically detectable. The present study provides substantial preliminary indications on the effectiveness of multidimensional pediatric-psychosomatic inpatient therapy, which seems suitable for alleviating the general symptom burden and problems by identifying and processing emotions. Furthermore, the results indicate that an extended treatment duration may contribute to more pronounced effects.

The role of driver's eye height in the design of crest curves of roads

AbstractThe driver's eye height from the ground, as what drivers can see on the road, is essential for their safety and for avoiding road hazards. Using the statistical analysis of vehicles sample, the statistical parameters of the measured set of values were determined. A one-sample t-test was done to check whether the measured sample differs from the driver's eye height value specified in the Hungarian design guidelines. A new range of driver's eye height has been found, which is considered an update to the current value and might be applied in the upcoming road design. Parallel with the eye-height analysis, sight distances at vertical crest curves were modeled by AutoCAD Civil 3D. The minimum radiuses of the crest curves were defined for human eye height and for sensors of autonomous vehicles.

Promoting facilitators’ career development and workplace engagement: a missing link from the provision of adult education programs in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The quality of adult learning depends on the professionalisation of individuals who are involved in the adult education programs provision. The delivery of adult education programs is mainly supported by facilitators. Increasing the amount of time and effort put into developing and acknowledging their contributions can aid in motivating and extending the duration of their work as program facilitators. Hence, promoting the professional profile of facilitators in the workplace is crucial to ensure the effective provision of adult education. Considering this premise, the current study was conducted to scrutinise how adult education facilitators’ training, career development, and workplace engagement have been incorporated into adult education provision. In doing so, a cross-sectional study design was employed. A simple random technique was used to select 200 participants. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analysed using a one-sample t-test, correlation, and chi-square. The study found despite increasing emphasis being placed on facilitators’ professional development, the practice and effort made to train, promote, and encourage them were found to be deficient in certain regards. This may account for a high turnover rate of facilitators which in turn, creates risks for the provision and management of adult education programs.

IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL EMPOWERMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE SUSTAINABILITY IN BANKING SECTOR

This study measuring impact of human capital empowerment (HCE) contributes improve financial performance sustainability (FPS) in banking sector. The study focused on testing two hypotheses about human capital empowerment (HCE) contributor's and improving financial performance in banking sector. Additionally, contribution of human capital empowerment (HCE) and improving financial performance sustainability (FPS) of Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan. Study used inductive and deductive techniques to identified problem nature, study dimensions and examine study hypotheses by historical and descriptive analytical models to analyzing study data. Study data was analyzed by (SPSS) and (AMOS) packages by one-sample T-test and analysis of variance test. Unilateral, study reached a set of results, most important of: a significant difference between human capital empowerment (HCE) contributor's and financial performance sustainability (FPS) improvement in banking sector.

Retrospective evaluation of adjuvant capecitabine dosing patterns in triple negative breast cancer.

e12515 Background: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have an increased risk of relapse. The CREATE-X trial demonstrated that adjuvant capecitabine was effective in both reducing recurrence and prolonging survival in this high-risk population. However, the recommended dose (2500 mg/m2 per day) is generally not well tolerated in US populations. The goal of this study is to analyze dosing patterns in an ethnically diverse patient population to better characterize tolerability and inform future dosing guidelines. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study including TNBC patients who were treated with adjuvant capecitabine. The primary endpoint was relative dose intensity (RDI) of capecitabine, defined as the dose received relative to the dose intended across eight cycles. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, race, BMI, and initial starting dose. Secondary endpoints included capecitabine-related side effects, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). A one-sample t-test was used to compare the average RDI to the CREATE-X trial estimate. A two-sample t-test was performed to evaluate for differences in RDI between subgroups. A proportional hazards model estimated the impact of capecitabine dose on DFS and OS. Results: 67 patients who completed adjuvant capecitabine at the University of Chicago between January 2017 and November 2022 were eligible. The mean age was 55 years (range 20-77). 46.3% of patients were of self-reported Black race, 44.8% were non-Hispanic Whites, and 9% were other races. The mean RDI across eight cycles of treatment was 60.2% (95% CI 55.4% -65.0%). When compared to the CREATE-X trial, the RDI in our population was significantly lower (60.2% vs. 78.7%, p&lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in average RDI across eight cycles for patients stratified by age, BMI, race, or initial starting dose ≥ 2000mg/m2. Patients younger than 65 years had a higher average RDI compared to those 65 years and older (62.2% vs. 51.8%, p= 0.094), however, this was not statistically significant. Lower RDI did not confer worse DFS or OS ( p=0.4 , p=0.9 ). The most frequently reported adverse events were hand-foot syndrome (73%), diarrhea (27%), and fatigue (22%), consistent with prior studies. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that a significant portion of patients have a lower tolerated dose of capecitabine in comparison to the recommended adjuvant dose. Acknowledging the limitations of our single-center, underpowered analysis, RDI was not significantly affected by age, race, BMI, or recommended starting dose. Younger patients did however appear to have a better tolerance than older patients. Regardless, a lower RDI was not associated with worse long-term outcomes. Additional studies are needed to further investigate optimal capecitabine dosing strategies in diverse populations.

Examining the level of employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers (Case study: Baghershahr Municipality)

Objective: By referring to different organizations and taking a deep and expert look at the communication process in these organizations, this issue becomes apparent to every observer. One of the important and always noticeable problems in organizations that employees complain about is the lack of communication skills among their managers. One of the most important and key issues that has caught the attention of the body and the foundation of the organizational society in this period is the organizational commitment of the employees of an organization. This issue can have many factors and dimensions. The present study was conducted to investigate employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers of Baqershahr Municipality. Method: The statistical population of the research was all the employees of Baghershahr municipality, and Cochran's sample size formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, considering the error level of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 242 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. One-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple correlation and simultaneous multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results extracted from the above research emphasize the strong effect of job satisfaction on the commitment of the organization's employees. The managers of all levels of this municipality can know them better and more accurately and completely with the nobles and sufficient and accurate knowledge of the individual differences among their employees. As a result, taking actions that are most compatible with the heart desires of the employees increases their desire and motivation, satisfaction, and commitment in the direction of development and moving intelligently in the direction of the organization's goals. The level of satisfaction regarding the investigated components of job satisfaction is average, managers are high, and for the components related to welfare, it is below 40%. Conclusion: The results show that municipal employees have low and very low satisfaction with the amenities in the municipality.

Effectiveness of Treffinger Model Implementation to Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes

The mathematics learning outcomes of class VII have not yet reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) set. Learning activities have not activated students because learning is still carried out in one direction. The purpose of this study was for the pretest and post-test results of students after using the treffinger model in learning mathematics and to determine the effectiveness of the treffinger model in learning mathematics in students. The research approach used is quantitative with the type of pseudo experiment and without control. The research variables used are the treffinger model as the independent variable and mathematics learning outcomes as the dependent variable, with a population of VII grade students of SMPN 2 Enrekang in the 2018/2019 school year consisting of 4 classes, namely VIIA, VIIB, VIIC, and VIID classes so that the sample used is VIIB class with cluster random sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were carried out by looking at the analysis of learning outcomes with an increase in the average score from the pretest results of 46.2 to 77.4 on the posttest results, the average student activity of 88.75%, the average teacher's ability to manage the class with a score of 4.4 or with a very good category and the average student response to learning of 88%. Inferential statistics conducted with a one-sample t-test showed a significance value below α = 0.05 so that H1 was accepted. From these data, it can be concluded that the application of treffinger learning model in class VII students of SMPN 2 Enrekang is effective.

Effectiveness of Learning Management System in the Student Learning Process in the Pandemic Era of the Covid-19

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the learning management system in improving the ability of the student learning process. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The data analysis used is to use the one-sample t-test. The data normality test is carried out before the test of one sample t-test as a prerequisite. The sample in this study was 35 students. The results showed that the average student activity while using the learning management system in the learning process of the teaching material development course has increased. In addition, the average ability score of students who obtain learning using the learning management system &gt; 77 is met so that it can be said to be effective. Based on the results of the normality test calculations shows that the normal distribution data with a Shapiro-Wilk significance of 0.060 &gt; 0.05. Meanwhile, based on the One Sample t-test shows that the learning management system significantly impacts students' abilities with a significance value of 0.005 &lt; 0.05, which means that the learning management system is effectively used in the learning process.

The Influence of Applying a Teacher's Code of Ethics to Discipline in Teaching at SMK Parulian 1 Medan

This study aims to see the effect of applying a teacher's code of ethics on discipline in teaching at SMK Parulian 1 Medan. The sample in this study were 30 students at SMK Parulian 1 Medan with a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the one-sample t-test. The results showed that the application of the teacher's code of ethics at Parullian 1 Medan Vocational High School was good in terms of the average sample measurement score showing no change, teaching discipline in Parullian 1 Medan Vocational School was good in terms of the average sample measurement score showing no change.

Exploring the usefulness of the Brief COPE in clinical and positive psychology: A discriminant content validity study

The Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE) scale is widely used for measuring coping strategies. However, concerns persist regarding the dimensions captured by the scale and the accuracy of item representation. This study examined the relevance of adapted Brief COPE items using discriminant content validity (DCV). A panel of experts (n = 15) assessed the extent to which the items corresponded to their intended dimensions. Intraclass correlation (ICC) estimates ranged from 0.640 to 0.828, indicating agreement among experts. A one-sample t-test evaluated DCV, revealing that 21 out of 28 items distinctly and exclusively measured intended dimensions, confirming their discriminant content validity. Seven items were excluded: three did not measure coping strategies (non-dimension), and four measured them in different dimensions (wrong-dimension). The discriminant content-validated Brief COPE scale improves coping assessment, benefiting psychological therapies and providing researchers with refined measures for each coping strategy dimension, addressing dimensional concerns.

Air pollution in marmara region before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The lockdowns and curfews during the COVID-19 pandemic have halted economic and transportation activities across the world. This study aims to investigate air pollution levels in the Marmara region, particularly in Istanbul, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used real data provided by the General Directorate of Meteorology and applied three machine learning algorithms (ANN, RBFreg, and SMOreg) to analyze air pollution data. In addition, a one-sample t-test was performed to compare air pollution levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Marmara region and Istanbul. The results of the study showed a significant reduction in the particulate matter (PM) value, which indicates the degree of air pollution, in both the Marmara region and Istanbul during the COVID-19 pandemic. The one-sample t-test results showed that the reduction in air pollution levels was statistically significant in both areas (t = 11.45, p < .001 for the Marmara region, and t = 3.188, p < .001 for Istanbul). These findings have important practical implications for decision-makers planning for a more sustainable environment. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels in the Marmara region, particularly in Istanbul. The application of machine learning algorithms and statistical analysis provides a rigorous approach to the investigation of this important issue by comparing before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Quality of Kiserian Slaughterhouses’ Effluent and Its Implication on Kiserian Dam Water in Kajiado County, Kenya

Purpose: Wastewater from abattoirs, municipal, agricultural and industrial effluents is a major source of environmental pollution as they consume large amounts of fresh water for meat processing and hygienic purposes. The main objective of the study was to assess the quality of the effluent from Keekonyokie and Kiserian slaughterhouses and its effect on the quality of water in Kiserian dam.&#x0D; Methodology: The parameters measured were pH, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliforms (E. coli). Samples were collected from 4 sampling sites three times a week for three months. SPSS (ANOVA) for their significant differences. One-sample t-test used to compare the parameter means with NEMA 2006 standards. Pearson Correlation used for correlation among the parameters.&#x0D; Findings: The mean fecal coliforms 2215.206 mg/l, Phosphorous 47.379 mg/l, Nitrates 36.71 mg/l, TSS 387.57 mg/l which were above the standards of NEMA 2006 of nil, 2, 2 and 30 mg/l respectively while DO was 8.58 mg/l and pH 6.86-7.0 both of which were below the NEMA 2006 standards of 30 mg/l and 6.5-8.5. The results of all parameters were significantly different among the sites (p=0.00). There was significant difference between the parameters and the NEMA 2006. ANOVA results on parameters showed the all coliforms increased with increase in rainfall with the highest levels in September with a mean 18662.7 mg/l and in July with the lowest of 12962.5 mg/l.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study can be used by slaughterhouses developers and management on slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. To be used by slaughterhouses licensing authorities on SWW requirements before licensing. To be used by Public Health Department for disease surveillances and Water Regulatory Management Authority on domestic water treatment.

Effectiveness of problem posing and investigation in terms of problem solving abilities, motivation and achievement in mathematics

The study aims at describing the comparison between the Problem-Posing Approach and the Investigation Approach in terms of effectiveness from the perspective of Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills, mathematical motivation and Mathematical Learning Achievements. The nature of the study is a quasi-experimental research. During the conduct of the study, the overall number of populations was 206 students from Grade VII of the State 2 Junior High School Gamping. The samples within the study were selected randomly from the population namely 32 students from Grade VII A and 34 students from Grade VII B. Then, the instrument that had been administered within the conduct of the study was the Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills Test, the Mathematical Learning Achievement Test and the Mathematical Learning Motivation Questionnaire. After the data had been gathered, the overall data were analysed by using the one-sample t-test, the T2 Hotteling’s Test and the independent sample t-test. The results of the study show that the learning process by means of Investigation Approach has been more effective in comparison to Problem-Posing Approach from the perspective of Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills and Mathematical Learning Achievement but, on the other hand, the results of the study also show that the learning process by means of Problem-Posing Approach has been more effective in comparison to Investigation Approach from the perspective of Mathematical Learning Motivation for the Grade VII students of the State 2 Junior High School Gamping.

Analisis Tingkat Pendapatan Usaha Bakwan Mitra Abadi Di Lingkungan Nusantara Kota Bima

This research aims to analyze the Income Level of Bakwan Mitra Abadi Business in the Nusantara Neighborhood of Monggonao Village, Bima City. The research conducted in this study is descriptive research. The population in this study consists of the income data of Bakwan Mitra Abadi Business in the Nusantara Neighborhood of Monggonao Village, Bima City, for one period (12 months), which is the year 2021. The sample in this study is a saturation sample, meaning that all members of the population whose income data of Bakwan Mitra Abadi Business in the Nusantara Neighborhood of Monggonao Village, Bima City, for one period (12 months) in the year 2021 are taken as the sample. Based on data analysis using a one-sample t-test, the calculated t-value is 2.068. To test whether the hypothesis stating that the income level of Bakwan Mitra Abadi Business in the Nusantara Neighborhood of Monggonao Village is greater than or equal to Rp. 72,500,000 per month can be accepted, a one-tailed test (left-tailed test) is used. At a significance level of 5% (0.05) with degrees of freedom (df = n-1 = 12-1 = 11), the critical t-value (t-table) is 1.796. By comparing the calculated t-value (2.068) with the critical t-value (1.796), it is evident that the calculated t-value is greater than the critical t-value (2.068 ≥ 1.796).

Analysis of university students’ perceived freedom in leisure during covid-19 lockdowns

ABSTRACT Before COVID-19, perceived freedom in leisure (PFL) was rarely considered based on academic majors. This study examined student PFL during COVID-19 lockdowns. 340 Iranian students studying physical education, non-physical education, and medical sciences took an online Witt and Ellis (1985) scale survey in July and August 2021. The one-sample t-test showed that students' PFL (M = 3.78) exceeded the hypothesized value (test value = 3). ANOVA showed a significant difference in PFL means between the three groups (F = 7.530, P < 0.01). Medical sciences students had the lowest PFL (3.45), and physical education students had the highest (3.86). Iranian students' high PFL likely indicates they don't have lessons or schoolwork, giving them a sense of freedom even during pandemics.

Differences between brain responses to peroneal electrical transcutaneous neuromodulation and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, two treatments for overactive bladder.

To compare brain responses to peroneal electrical transcutaneous neuromodulation (peroneal eTNM®) and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), two methods for treating overactive bladder (OAB), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The present study was not designed to compare their clinical efficacy. This study included 32 healthy adult female volunteers (average age 38.3 years (range 22-73)). Brain MRI using 3 T scanner was performed during three 8-min blocks of alternating sequences. During each 8-min block, the protocol alternated between sham stimulation (30 s) and rest (30 s) for 8 repeats; then peroneal eTNM® stimulation (30 s) and rest (30 s) for 8 repeats; then, TTNS stimulation (30 s) and rest (30 s) for 8 repeats. Statistical analysis was performed at the individual level with a threshold of p = 0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected. The resulting individual statistical maps were analyzed in group statistics using a one-sample t-test, p = 0.05 threshold, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected. During peroneal eTNM®, TTNS, and sham stimulations, we recorded activation in the brainstem, bilateral posterior insula, bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left transverse temporal gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus. During both peroneal eTNM® and TTNS stimulations, but not sham stimulations, we recorded activation in the left cerebellum, right transverse temporal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. Exclusively during peroneal eTNM® stimulation, we observed activation in the right cerebellum, right thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia, bilateral cingulate gyrus, right anterior insula, right central operculum, bilateral supplementary motor cortex, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus. Peroneal eTNM®, but not TTNS, induces the activation of brain structures that were previously implicated in neural control of the of bladder filling and play an important role in the ability to cope with urgency. The therapeutic effect of peroneal eTNM® could be exerted, at least in part, at the supraspinal level of neural control.