One-pot Research Articles

Antibacterial efficacy of pyranopyrimidinone derivatives synthesized using a facile one-pot reaction

Antibacterial efficacy of pyranopyrimidinone derivatives synthesized using a facile one-pot reaction

Extended MOF-74-Type Variant with an Azine Linkage: Efficient Direct Air Capture and One-Pot Synthesis.

Direct air capture (DAC) shows considerable promise for the effective removal of CO2; however, materials applicable to DAC are lacking. Among metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents, diamine-Mg2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4- = 4,4-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) effectively removes low-pressure CO2, but the synthesis of the organic ligand requires high temperature, high pressure, and a toxic solvent. Besides, it is necessary to isolate the ligand for utilization in the synthesis of the framework. In this study, we synthesized a new variant of extended MOF-74-type frameworks, M2(hob) (M = Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+; hob4- = 5,5'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2-oxidobenzoate)), constructed from an azine-bonded organic ligand obtained through a facile condensation reaction at room temperature. Functionalization of Mg2(hob) with N-methylethylenediamine, N-ethylethylenediamine, and N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) enables strong interactions with low-pressure CO2, resulting in top-tier adsorption capacities of 2.60, 2.49, and 2.91 mmol g-1 at 400 ppm of CO2, respectively. Under humid conditions, the CO2 capacity was higher than under dry conditions due to the presence of water molecules that aid in the formation of bicarbonate species. A composite material combining mmen-Mg2(hob) and polyvinylidene fluoride, a hydrophobic polymer, retained its excellent adsorption performance even after 7 days of exposure to 40% relative humidity. In addition, the one-pot synthesis of Mg2(hob) from a mixture of the corresponding monomers is achieved without separate ligand synthesis steps; thus, this framework is suitable for facile large-scale production. This work underscores that the newly synthesized Mg2(hob) and its composites demonstrate significant potential for DAC applications.

One-Pot Synthesis of Cellulose-Based Carbon Aerogel Loaded with TiO2 and g-C3N4 and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B.

A cellulose-based carbon aerogel (CTN) loaded with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared using sol-gel, freeze-drying, and high-temperature carbonization methods. The formation of the sol-gel was carried out through a one-pot method using refining papermaking pulp, tetrabutyl titanate, and urea as raw materials and hectorite as a cross-linking and reinforcing agent. Due to the cross-linking ability of hectorite, the carbonized aerogel maintained a porous structure and had a large specific surface area with low density (0.0209 g/cm3). The analysis of XRD, XPS, and Raman spectra revealed that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were uniformly distributed in the CTN, while TEM and SEM observations demonstrated the uniformly distributed three-dimensional porous structure of CTN. The photocatalytic activity of the CTN was determined according to its ability to degrade rhodamine B. The removal rate reached 89% under visible light after 120 min. In addition, the CTN was still stable after five reuse cycles. The proposed catalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions.

Sustainable Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Computational Assessment of their Antidiabetic Efficacy.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant and pressing worldwide health concern, necessitating the quest for enhanced antidiabetic pharmaceuticals. Guanidine derivatives, notably metformin and buformin, have emerged as pivotal therapeutic agents for T2DM management. The present study introduces an efficient one-pot synthesis method for the production of symmetrical guanidine compounds. This synthesis involves the reaction of isothiocyanates with secondary amines, employing an environmentally friendly and recyclable reagent, tetrabutylphosphonium tribromide (TBPTB). A comprehensive assessment of the biological activity of the synthesized guanidine compounds, specifically in the context of T2DM, has been rigorously conducted. Additionally, computational analyses have unveiled their substantial potential as promising antidiabetic agents. Results highlight the relevance of these compounds in the ongoing pursuit of novel therapeutic solutions for T2DM.</p>.

Sensitization of Europium Oxide Nanoparticles Enhances Signal-to-Noise over Autofluorescence with Time-Gated Luminescence Detection.

Clinical translation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics has been limited, and a lack of preclinical delivery characterization is partly to blame, limiting our understanding of the mechanisms of failure. The improvement of the preclinical delivery assessment requires nanoparticles with higher detectability. This work focused on the exploration of several aromatic carboxylic ligands (terephthalic acid, quinaldic acid, and kynurenic acid) for the sensitization of europium oxide nanoparticles with a long emission lifetime to overcome cellular autofluorescence, a key confounder of detection in luminescence-based bioimaging. A facile one-pot synthesis and ligand exchange process generated and sensitized ultrasmall Eu2O3 cores. As reflected in the emission spectra and lifetimes, ligand binding yielded unique coordination environments around Eu3+. Then, the efficacy of sensitization was tested against the autofluorescence provided by tissue lysate. Normal (simultaneous excite-read) measurements showed integrated signal improvements over autofluorescence of 2.2-, 3.9-, and 14.0-fold for EuTA, EuQA, and EuKA, respectively. In time-gated mode, the improvements over autofluorescence were more dramatic with fold differences of 75-, 89-, and 108-fold for EuTA, EuQA, and EuKA, respectively. The investigation of novel sensitizers expands the breadth of the field of sensitized lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, and the signal enhancement observed with sensitization and time-gating supports the utility of the generated samples for future bioimaging applications.

Advanced one pot photochemical surface modification approach towards graphene materials and their application in dye removal

Carbonaceous materials have shown undisputable promise as adsorbents and catalysts in various applications. The ability to tune key features such as specific surface area and functionality to improve the activity, represents a key advantage. However, this requires the development of general and versatile synthetic methods to deliver these multifunctional materials. This work reports a convenient general approach to prepare a series of graphene-chromophore systems. Two photochemical methods involving a step-by-step procedure and a one-pot method were compared. It was found that the two-step procedure is limited by the stability of the diazonium salts and thus has a limited application. The one-pot method allows preparation of a wide range of different composites in an easy and inexpensive manner. Synthesised samples were characterised by a range of methods including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy and gas adsorption. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed an ordered array of chromophores on the surface of the graphene nanoplatelets. The samples were tested as potential materials for dye removal; these studies revealed that most graphene-chromophore materials can successfully remove organic pollutants such as methylene blue, rhodamine B and methyl orange from aqueous media

The use of carbodicarbene for bio-based polyester synthesis via ring-opening copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides

Alternating ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides was investigated using carbodicarbene (CDC) as a single-component organic initiator. CDC produced various polyesters with different combinations of monomers, including bio-based monomers. The synthesized polyesters exhibited narrow dispersity and a wide range of glass transition temperatures. Moreover, a diblock copolyester was synthesized using self-switchable polymerization (ROCOP of the cyclic anhydride/epoxide, and ring-opening polymerization of lactone) in a one-pot synthesis. The formation of a terpolymer product was confirmed by diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis.

Synthesis and characterisation of mixed oxides of Co–Ni catalyst and its application in microwave mediated synthesis of Benzo[b]Pyrans

We present an easy and sustainable procedure for the productive preparation of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives by means of many compounds condensation of dimedon, malononitrile and several aromatic aldehydes utilizing mixed bimetallic oxides of Co–Ni as a catalyst under microwave irradiation. Present protocol involves green synthesis of mixed Co–Ni oxide catalyst using milky latex of Euphorbia neriifolia. The prepared mixed Co and Ni oxide was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) & Brunauer-Emmett- Teller Analysis (BET). This green approach's significance is demonstrated by its one-pot synthesis, convenient without use of solvent shows good isolated yields. Multiple analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are utilized to derive the structural properties. The mixed metal oxides of Co and Ni was found to be catalytically active and can be reused 12 times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

A surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) multivariate approach for atrazine detection

A green, fast and effective multivariate method for the determination of atrazine (ATZ) was developed using conventional infrared equipment furnished with an attenuated total reflectance module (ATR-IR), providing limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in the ranges from 1.9 to 4.6 µg/mL and from 5.6 to 14 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) approach was investigated to improve the sensitivity of the measurements and detect ATZ at low concentrations, addressing the compatibility with reference methods. To this end, a substrate formed by silver selenide quantum dots stabilized with mercaptopropionic acid (Ag2Se/MPA), synthesized in aqueous medium by an one-pot synthesis, was used. The spectral data were investigated by univariate and multivariate calibrations, allowing to calculate the enhancement factor (EF) and the multivariate enhancement factor (MEF), respectively. The SEIRA strategy proved to be able to enhance the atrazine signal up to 86-fold, allowing the detection of ATZ at concentrations as low as 0.001 µg/mL.

The synthesis of N,1,4-tri(alkoxy-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-diazepane-amines: investigations on reaction characteristics and mechanism.

1,4-Diazepane-6-amine (DAZA) can be alkylated with three 2-hydroxybenzyl pendant arms, resulting in hexadentate chelators suitable for coordination of radiometals like 68Ga. These chelators, N,1,4-tri(alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-DAZA, can be produced via a one-pot synthesis, with the first step being a carbonyl amine condensation of DAZA with two respective 4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehydes, followed by reductive amination with sodium borohydride. While the first step of this reaction is predictable, the subsequent reductive amination can result in either mono-, di- or tri(alkoxy-hydroxybenzyl)-DAZA compounds. Seeking to identify dependencies that might allow a specific reaction control towards the formation of either of the three possible products, and particularly towards the favoured trialkylated DAZA compounds, a variety of synthesis trials were performed. Additionally, computational methods were employed to evaluate the underlying reaction mechanism. Synthesis trials verified that the trialkylated DAZA compounds are formed via direct reductive amination of the dialkylated DAZA compounds. Subsequently, a synthetic method was established, leading to an increase in the percentage of the trialkylated DAZA compounds, which allowed the successful isolation of those hexadentate chelators. Additionally, an alternative pathway proceeding via aminal C-N bond insertion of an attacking third carbonyl moiety was evaluated by means of quantum chemical calculations but so far remains entirely hypothetical.

Revolutionizing marine Protection: Innovative designs for In-Situ applicable underwater antifouling superoleophobic coatings

There is a high demand for underwater antifouling coatings for marine engineering and underwater activities. However, In-situ painting coating in a water environment for various large substrate surfaces is ideal but extremely challenging. In this work, we present a novel approach to achieving a fouling-repellent superoleophobic coating that can be directly applied underwater. The coating was prepared facilely via one-pot synthesis using epoxy resin E51 and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as main components. This method involves the hydrolytic migration of side chains (Trimethylsilyl Methacrylate) interlocked with covalent cross-linking, enabling direct adhesion to a variety of wet substrates underwater without the need for surface pre-treatment. The resulting coating exhibits both underwater superoleophobicity (underwater oil contact angle＞150°) and versatile, sustainable substrate adhesion with a shear strength of up to 50 kPa, making it suitable for various underwater applications, such as oil/water separation. This work represents a facile and novel paradigm for designing future underwater antifouling coatings with superoleophobic properties and direct underwater adhesion.

Cellulose-citric acid-chitosan@metal sulfide nanocomposites: Methyl orange dye removal and antibacterial activity

In this study, to develop efficient adsorbents in removing water pollution, new cellulose-citric acid-chitosan@metal sulfide nanocomposites (CL-CA-CS@NiS and CL-CA-CS@CuS) were synthesized by one-pot reaction at mild conditions and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm. The results of characterization techniques confirm that the desired compounds have been successfully synthesized. The as-prepared composites were applied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solutions using a batch technique, and the effect of key factors such as initial pH, shaking time, MO concentration, temperature and adsorbent dose were investigated and discussed. Adsorption results exhibited positive impact of temperature, shaking time and adsorbent dose on the MO removal percent. The MO removal percent has been increased over a wide range of pH from 2 (27.6 %) to 6 (98.8 %). Also, almost being constant over a wide range of MO concentration (10–70 mg/L). The results demonstrated that the maximum removal percentage of MO dye (98.9 % and 93.4 % using CL-CA-CS@NiS and CL-CA-CS@CuS, respectively) was achieved under the conditions of pH 6, shaking time of 120 min, adsorbent dose of 0.02 g, MO concentration of 70 mg/L and temperature of 35 °C. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models demonstrated the best fit to the kinetic and equilibrium data. Also, the thermodynamic results showed that the MO removal process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The MO adsorption can be happened by different electrostatic attraction, n-π and π-π stacking and also hydrogen bonding interaction. In addition, antibacterial activity of CL-CA-CS@NiS and CL-CA-CS@CuS nanocomposites exhibited a superior efficiency against S. aureus.

A tutorial on solid-phase analytical derivatization in sample preparation applications

Solid-phase analytical derivatization is a versatile sample preparation technique that enhances analysis accuracy, efficiency, reproducibility, and sensitivity. The technique combines the advantages of analytical derivatization and solid-phase extraction, providing a versatile approach for analysing analytes with various functional groups in complex matrices. Analytical derivatization is a technique used for functional group analysis that involves modifying the structure of an analyte to enhance sensitivity and specificity. Solid-phase analytical derivatization is a one-pot procedure that combines analytical derivatization and extraction. In the presence of acids, it can derivatize phenols, carboxylic acids, and other analytes. Furthermore, solid-phase analytical derivatization increases the reaction rate of carbonyl compounds, making it easier to extract aldehydes and ketones rapidly. This technique utilises electrophoresis, chromophores, fluorophores, and functional groups for detection and extraction. It initially began as a batch procedure but has now developed into an automated, microextraction, and derivatization method. Solid-phase analytical derivatization is highly efficient due to the significant excess of the derivatizing reagent relative to the analyte, along with the pre-impregnation of derivatizing reagents, which can speed up the process compared to traditional solution-based derivatization. This tutorial aims to provide detailed insights into the practical aspects of implementing solid-phase analytical derivatization in analytical method development and discuss the prospects and future trends.

Efficient reduction and adsorption of Cr6+ by magnetically modified waste wooden building formwork based biochar from aqueous solution:Removal mechanism investigation

The magnetic biochar is prepared by one-pot method using waste wooden building formwork as feedstock in the existence of the FeCl3 for Cr6+ removal form wastewater. Characterization analysis indicates that magnetic biochar exists Fe3O4 with specific surface area of the 333.89–496.35 m2/g, contributing to Cr6+ removal. Cr6+ removal process can be well analyzed by the Pseudo-second order and Hill models with adsorption capacity of 30.41 mg/g. The adsorption process analysis indicates that Cr6+ removal mechanism includes surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, reduction and pore filling. The influence of Fe2+ on Cr6+ removal is analyzed, indicating Fe2+ participation into Cr6+ removal by reduction. Besides, the removal mechanism is further investigated using the Density functional theory, demonstrating that −Fe-O group plays an important role in Cr6+ removal. The magnetic biochar has excellent reusability after three cycles. The Cr6+ removal process is also investigated using column adsorption experiment, indicating that magnetic biochar has column adsorption amount of the 56.64 mg/g. The economic feasibility of the magnetic biochar is investigated and calculated with the production cost of $2.48/1kg. The waste wooden building formwork is converted into the efficient magnetic biochar for Cr6+ removal from wastewater, realizing the purpose of the “waste treatment waste”.

One-pot construction of gradient colloidal gel coating for stable and efficient emulsion separation

Gradient gel coatings possess superior interfacial bonding strength and surface wettability, providing new ideas for the structure design of separation materials. However, simply and effectively combining colloidal gels that have excellent separation potential with gradient structure design remains a great challenge. Herein, a polymerization-induced microphase separation strategy based on metal ions is developed for constructing colloidal gel coatings with gradient structure on the stainless steel mesh. The colloidal gel is formed by hydrogen-bond complexation and microphase separation of acrylamide and methacrylic acid during polymerization. The metal ions generated by the hydrogen evolution corrosion of stainless steel mesh can not only be used to construct a continuous gradient structure by influencing the microphase separation process but also enhance the mechanical properties and stability of the gel coating. The preparation strategies of traditional gradient materials are limited in the manufacturing and application processes due to their complicated preparation procedures and potential requirement for special equipment assistance. In contrast, this strategy can simply and efficiently prepare colloidal gel coatings with continuous gradient structure by one-pot method under strict monomer ratio. Its unique colloid network demonstrates better wettability and permeability than conventional polymer gel. The prepared gradient colloidal gel coating exhibits excellent separation efficiency (above 99.9 %) and water flux recovery rate (≈98.75 %) in separating surfactant-stabilized emulsion. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the design and preparation of gradient colloidal gels, promoting their development in the field of water treatment.

A self-reinforced luminescence signal amplification strategy to construct electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen sensing

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a disease biomarker that reflects the presence of various cancers and tumors in the human body. Sensitive detection of CEA concentration in the blood is beneficial for the clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of cancer. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors used for disease pre-screening are usually subjected to various complex chemical modifications for real-time analysis and detection of CEA concentration in the blood. The ECL behavior of a novel self-reinforced ECL complexes Zn-MOF-Ru-TEA coreacting at the anode is reported in this paper. The self-reinforced ECL complexes Zn-MOF-Ru-TEA are synthesized using one-pot method. Compared with the redox reaction of TEA in the PBS buffer, the energy and charge transport distance provided by Ru(bpy)32+ and TEA molecules in the pore size of Zn-MOF are greatly shortened, so the ECL efficiency of Ru(bpy)32+ is effectively improved. The Cu+/Cu2+ ion pair cycle in the signal label CuNiOS/Au NPs can react with TEA enriched in Zn-MOF-Ru-TEA to produce more reactive radicals, which realizes the amplification strategy of the ECL signal caused by Cu+-triggered probes. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of CEA detection is 10−5 ng·mL−1 to 80 ng·mL−1, and the detection limit is 3.43 fg·mL−1. This is the first time that a Ru(bpy)32+/TEA self-reinforced ECL system has been proposed for CEA detection, which has the advantages of low limit of detection and high sensitivity and offers the potential for the application of sensitive determination of biomarkers.

Novel electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of malathion residue in tea based on SiO2NSs doped Luminol/AgNPs as a signal amplification strategy

To address the potential hazards of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) residues in tea, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on functionalized nanomaterials was constructed in this work. Firstly, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were attached on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by the constant potential electrodeposition to form a compound, and it was utilized to provide excellent immobilization sites for complementary DNA (cDNA). Subsequently, composite nanomaterials were synthesized by a one-pot method with aminated Luminol/silver nanoparticles@silica nanospheres (NH2-Luminol/Ag@SiO2NSs). Finally, NH2-Luminol/Ag@SiO2NSs was combined with a malathion aptamer (Apt) to obtain signal probes (SPs) for the construction of an aptasensor. The aptasensor had a wide linear range (1×10−3-1×103 ng/mL) and a low limit of detection (LOD) (0.3×10−3 ng/mL). It had the virtues of high sensitivity, wonderful stability and excellent specificity, which could be used for the detection of malathion residue in tea. The work provides a proven way for the construction of a rapid and ultrasensitive aptasensor with low-cost.

Enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity of holmium doped g-C3N4 and DFT theoretical insights

In the search of novel photocatalysts to increase the effect of visible light in photocatalysis, g-C3N4 (CN) has become a shining star. Rare earth metals have been used as dopant material to reinforce the photocatalytic activity of CN due to their unique electron configuration recently. In this present study, the pure and different amounts of Ho-doped g-C3N4 (HoCN) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using urea as a precursor by the one-pot method. Morphological, structural, optical, and vibrational properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, XPS, FTIR, PL, TRPL, Raman, DRS, and BET analyses. In addition, theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were meticulously carried out to delve the changes in the structural and electronic structure of CN with holmium doping. According to calculations, the chemical potential, electrophilicity, and chemical softness are higher for HoCN, while HOMO–LUMO gap, dipole moment, and the chemical hardness are lower for the pure one. Thus, holmium doping becomes desirable with low chemical hardness which indicates more effectivity and smaller HOMO–LUMO gap designate high chemical reactivity. To determine the photocatalytic efficiency of the pure and doped CN photocatalysts, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) was monitored under visible light. The results indicate that holmium doping has improved the photocatalytic activities of CN samples. Most strikingly, this improvement is noticeable for the 0.2 mmol doped CN sample that showed two times better photocatalytic activity than the pure one.

Nanoconfined Silver Nanoclusters Combined with X-Shaped DNA Recognizer-Triggered Cascade Amplification for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of APE1.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), as a vital base excision repair enzyme, is essential for maintaining genomic integrity and stability, and its abnormal expression is closely associated with malignant tumors. Herein, we constructed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for detecting APE1 activity by combining nanoconfined ECL silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) with X-shaped DNA recognizer-triggered cascade amplification. Specifically, the Ag NCs were prepared and confined in the glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan hydrogel network using the one-pot method, resulting in a strong ECL response and exceptional stability in comparison with discrete Ag NCs. Furthermore, the self-assembled X-shaped DNA recognizers were designed for APE1 detection, which not only improved reaction kinetics due to the ordered arrangement of recognition sites but also achieved high sensitivity by utilizing the recognizer-triggered cascade amplification of strand displacement amplification (SDA) and DNAzyme catalysis. As expected, this biosensor achieved sensitive ECL detection of APE1 in the range of 1.0 × 10-3 U·μL-1 to 1.0 × 10-10 U·μL-1 with the detection limit of 2.21 × 10-11 U·μL-1, rendering it a desirable approach for biomarker detection.

Quick self-grown ternary supramolecules embedded in sodium alginate to fabricate ultralight sponge exhibiting superior flame retardancy

To mitigate environmental and health risks associated with the use of halogenated flame retardants, effective halogen-free solutions have been extensively explored. In this study, melamine/boric acid/phosphoric acid (MBP)‑sodium alginate (SA) sponge was synthesized by treating MBP ternary supramolecules with microwave irradiation via one-pot, facile, and speedy synthesis, obtaining an MBP-SA sponge, a polysaccharide biopolymer. Crosslinking of SA with Ca2+ ion formed an intact network, and this was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thereafter, the flame retardancy of the as-synthesized SA/MBP sponge was investigated by exposing it to a spirit lamp and a Bunsen burner; the sponge remained intact for up to 540 s and 370 s, respectively, demonstrating the enhanced flame retardancy of MBP supramolecules in the SA/MBP sponge. The limiting oxygen index of the SA/MBP sponge was up to 62 %, demonstrating the self-extinguishing and thermal insulation properties of the as-synthesized sponge. The findings of this study provide insights for developing a new strategy to use SA/MBP sponges for fire protection.