One-factor Structures Research Articles

Development and Validation of the Japanese-Translated Version of the Multiple-Choice Questionnaire of Depression Literacy (MCQ-DL)

Although depression literacy plays a key role in encouraging people with depression to seek professional treatment, there exist no measures of depression literacy in Japan that are comparable to those validated in English-speaking countries. The present study therefore developed and validated a Japanese-translated version of the Multiple-Choice Questionnaire of Depression Literacy (MCQ-DL), which is rated as being of high quality by recent systematic reviews. We conducted an online two-wave survey (NT1 = 325, NT2 = 180) and examined the psychometric properties of the full-item (27 items) and short (10 items) versions of the Japanese-translated MCQ-DL. Results provide several points of validity evidence for both versions as measures that capture individuals’ depression literacy profiles: 1) one-factor structures of these versions were supported by the data; and 2) the items used in both versions had a variety of difficulty and discrimination indices. Results also indicate several limitations of the Japanese-translated MCQ-DL for use in correlation-based and multivariate analyses: 1) internal consistencies seem insufficient (α = .68) and poor (α = .28) for the full-item and short versions, respectively; 2) the test-retest reliability was insufficient for the short version (r = .51, p < .001, 95% CI [.40, .60]), 3) both the full-item and short versions of the MCQ-DL exhibited only weak correlations (|r| ≤ .22) with the other variables, including stigmatizing attitudes toward, and familiarity with, people with depression and components of empathy. The discussion highlights the usage of and further room for the validation of the Japanese-translated MCQ-DL we developed.

Polish adaptation of three self-report measures of job stressors: the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, the Quantitative Workload Inventory and the Organizational Constraints Scale

Aim. The objective of the present study was to test the psychometric properties, reliability and validity of three job stressor measures, namely, the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, the Organizational Constraints Scale and the Quantitative Workload Inventory. Method. The study was conducted on two samples (N = 382 and 3368) representing a wide range of occupations. The estimation of internal consistency with Cronbach's α and the test–retest method as well as both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were the main statistical methods. Results. The internal consistency of the scales proved satisfactory, ranging from 0.80 to 0.90 for Cronbach's α test and from 0.72 to 0.86 for the test–retest method. The one-dimensional structure of the three measurements was confirmed. The three scales have acceptable fit to the data. The one-factor structures and other psychometric properties of the Polish version of the scales seem to be similar to those found in the US version of the scales. It was also proved that the three job stressors are positively related to all the job strain measures. Conclusions. The Polish versions of the three analysed scales can be used to measure the job stressors in Polish conditions.

Construct Validity of the Chinese Version of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III in Patients with Schizophrenia.

BackgroundThe Chinese version of the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III (ADLRS-III), which has 10 domains, is commonly used for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with schizophrenia. However, construct validity (i.e., unidimensionality) for each domain of the ADLRS-III is unknown, limiting the explanations of the test results.PurposeThis main purpose of this study was to examine unidimensionality of each domain in the ADLRS-III. We also examined internal consistency and ceiling/floor effects in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsFrom occupational therapy records, we obtained 304 self-report data of the ADLRS-III. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the 10 one-factor structures. If a domain showed an insufficient model fit, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the factor structure and choose one factor representing the original construct. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha (α). Ceiling and floor effects were determined by the percentage of patients with the maximum and minimum scores in each domain, respectively.ResultsCFA analyses showed that 4 domains (i.e., leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, communication tools use) had sufficient model fits. These 4 domains had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.79-0.87) and no ceiling/floor effects, except the leisure domain which had a ceiling effect. The other 6 domains showed insufficient model fits. The EFA results showed that these 6 domains were two-factor structures.ConclusionThe results supported unidimensional constructs of the leisure, picture recognition, literacy ability, and communication tool uses domains. The sum scores of these 4 domains can be used to represent their respective domain-specific functions. Regarding the 6 domains with insufficient model fits, we have explained the two factors of each domain and chosen one factor to represent its original construct. Future users may use the items from the chosen factors to assess domain-specific functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Reliability and validity of the attitude towards research scale for a sample of industrial psychology students

The study investigated the reliability and validity of the Attitudes towards Research Scale for a South African sample. A cross-sectional survey design was used and a convenience sample of postgraduate students in industrial psychology ( N = 185) participated in the study. A biographical scale and the Attitudes towards Research Scale were administered. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlations and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that none of the previously suggested one-factor, five-factor or three-factor structures of the Attitudes towards Research fitted the data well. A revised three-factor structure consisting of positive outlook on research, anxiety and difficulty, and the usefulness of research fitted the data acceptably. Students in this sample displayed positive attitudes towards research, regarded it as beneficial to them in their profession, but deemed it to be somewhat difficult and displayed moderate levels of anxiety about it.

Coping With Existential and Emotional Challenges: Development and Validation of the Self-Competence in Death Work Scale

ContextPalliative care professionals often are confronted by death in their work. They may experience challenges to self, such as aroused emotions and queries about life's meaningfulness. Assessing their level of “self-competence” in coping with these challenges is crucial in understanding their needs in death work. ObjectivesThis study aims to develop and validate the Self-Competence in Death Work Scale (SC-DWS). MethodsDevelopment of this scale involved three steps: 1) items generated from a qualitative study with palliative care professionals, 2) expert panel review, and 3) pilot test. Analysis was conducted to explore the factor structure and examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Helping professionals involved in death work were recruited to complete questionnaires comprising the SC-DWS and other scales. ResultsA total of 151 participants were recruited. Both one-factor and two-factor structures were found. Emotional and existential coping were identified as subscales in the two-factor structure. Correlations of the whole scale and subscales with measures of death attitudes, meaning in life, burnout and depression provided evidence for the construct validity. Discriminative validity was supported by showing participants with bereavement experience and longer experience in the profession and death work possessed a significantly higher level of self-competence. Reliability analyses showed that the entire scale and subscales were internally consistent. ConclusionThe SC-DWS was found to be valid and reliable. This scale may facilitate helping professionals' understanding of their self-competence in death work, so appropriate professional support and training may be obtained.

Health is health is health? Age differences in intraindividual variability and in within-person versus between-person factor structures of self-reported health complaints.

The variability of health complaints within individuals across time has rarely been studied, and the question whether between- and within-person factor structures of health-related variables are equivalent has not been tested so far. We examined self-reported health complaints in 101 younger (20-31 years) and 103 older adults (65-80 years) over a period of 100 daily assessments. Data were analyzed with confirmatory two-level factor analysis. One-factor structures of health complaints provided an acceptable fit at the between- and average within-person levels in both age groups, supporting the assumption of equivalent average within- and between-person factor structures for health complaints. Age differences in loading patterns indicated that subjective health may be experienced differently by younger and older adults. Small age differences in mean levels of health symptoms were observed. Intraindividual variability in health complaints was reliable. Older adults fluctuated less from day to day than younger adults, presumably reflecting less fluctuation in objective health, differences in response styles, situational influences, or habituation processes. We conclude that future research should consider intraindividual variability as being descriptive of a person's health status, and take possible differences between within- and between-person factor structures of subjective health into account.

The Spanish version of the Insomnia Severity Index: A confirmatory factor analysis

To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and to determine its factor structure with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Self-reported information was collected from a sample of 500 adults (mean age 39.13 [standard deviation 15.85]years) drawn from a population of medical students and their social networks. Together with the ISI, a measure of the subjective severity of insomnia, subjects completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Profile of Mood States to study concurrent validity of the ISI. CFA was used to test alternative models to ascertain the factorial structure of the ISI. The Spanish version of the ISI showed adequate indices of internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.82). CFA showed that a three-factor structure provided a better fit to the data than one-factor and two-factor structures. The ISI was significantly correlated with poor sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and discriminated between good and poor sleepers. The ISI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the subjective severity of insomnia in Spanish-speaking populations. Its three-factor structure (i.e., night-time sleep difficulties, sleep dissatisfaction and daytime impact of insomnia) makes it a psychometrically robust and clinically useful measure.

Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment in Taiwanese Adolescents Who Abuse MDMA or Methamphetamine

Objective: The University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) is a widely used tool for measuring subjects’ readiness to change substance-using behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Chinese version of the URICA (C-URICA) in Taiwanese adolescents who have used methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or methamphetamine (MAMP). Methods: Pre-test and post-test data from the C-URICA from 92 adolescents in a juvenile abstinence center who had used MDMA or MAMP were analyzed. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the adequacy of the factor structure of the C-URICA. Results: CFA indicated that a three-factor structure (pre-contemplation, contemplation + action, maintenance) had a better goodness of fit than four-factor (pre-contemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance), and one-factor structures. Conclusions: The results indicated that the URICA may have different factor structures when used in the population different from the original adult population with alcohol drinking.

中学生における児童用抑うつ自己評価尺度（ＤＳＲＳ）の因子モデルおよび標準データの検討

The purpose of this study is to assess the factor structure model and normative data of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS). The study involved 2383 junior high-school students (1245 males and 1138 females). The four factor models (one-factor, two-factor, three-factor, and four-factor structures) were compared and tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the model proposing two factors had the highest fit index. This result was consistent with the result of a previous study on elementary school students. Analysis of DSRS scores indicated that the female students scored higher than the male students, and that the scores increased with an increase in age. These findings are quite consistent with those of previous studies.