One-dimensional Nanostructures Research Articles

Design of highly efficient 0D/1D TiO2 photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells by simple TiCl4 pre-treatment of titanate nanotubes

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy conversion, with the efficiency of these devices heavily reliant on the performance of the TiO2 photoanode. Despite significant advancements, optimizing the photoanode material for higher efficiency remains a challenge. This study introduces a novel approach to constructing a highly efficient, multifunctional 0D/1D TiO2 composite by simply pre-treating the TiO2 precursor, specifically one-dimensional (1D) H-titanate nanotubes, with TiCl4. The TiCl4 treatment not only encourages the extensive synthesis of the one-dimensional nanostructures (i.e., nanorods) but also facilitates the in situ hydrolysis to generate small crystals that attach to the surface of the nanorods. The TiO2 composite offers several essential benefits, including the expanded thickness, high surface area for superior dye adsorption, efficient diffuse light scattering induced by the aggregate structures, and fast charge transport within the film matrix, making it an exemplary component for DSCs. The photovoltaic performance test revealed that TiCl4 pre-treatment increased power conversion efficiency by 36.3 %, rising from 7.63 % of untreated cells to a striking value of 10.4 %, which is a new record when N719 is used as a sensitizer and iodide-based redox shuttle employed as an electrolyte. This research provides an effective strategy for developing highly efficient photoanode material for DSCs.

Humidity Diode Sensors Based on 1D Nanosized Silicon Structures

Introduction. Humidity measurement is essential in microelectronics, aerospace, biomedical, and food industries, as well as in households for climate control. Currently, various types of devices have been used as humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive, diode, gravimetric, optical structures, field-effect transistors and devices based on surface acoustic waves.Problem Statement. Today, there is a need to develop IC-compatible humidity sensors that have high sensitivityand low cost. To this end, silicon nanowires have been successfully used in resistive and capacitive humidity sensors. However, there is a lack of research on the nanowire effect on device parameters of diode-type humidity sensors.Purpose. To develop diode sensors based on silicon nanowires and to determine the effect of process parameters of synthesis and structural features of nanowires on the performance of humidity sensors.Materials and Methods. The process of sensor fabrication includes several steps: chemical cleaning of silicon wafer, synthesis of silicon nanowires using standard or modified metal-assisted chemical etching, phosphorus diffusion to create a p-n junction, front and back metallization. The surface morphology of the nanostructures has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The humidity-sensitive characteristics have been studied with theuse of salt hygrostats.Results. It has been shown that the addition of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures to the diode-type sensor signifi cantly improves its characteristics. The rectification ratio increases from 161 to 1807, the response ups from 4.5 to 25, the sensitivity grows from 1.6 to 4.02 (%RH)–1, while the response time and recovery time are reduced from 85/90 to 25/30 s, the hysteresis value goes down from 75 to 16%, the signal deviation after cycling drops from 15to 3%, and the signal fluctuation during continuous device operation decreases from 17 to 15%.Conclusions. The results have shown that the use of a simple and cheap nanowire synthesis technology is effective to produce humidity sensors.

One-dimensional Te nanostructures as fast anode materials of potassium ion batteries

One-dimensional Te nanostructures as fast anode materials of potassium ion batteries

Phase-controllable synthesis of nickel selenide nanostructures decorated on carbon nanotubes as efficient binder-free cathodes for hybrid supercapacitors

In this work, we employed a facile pulse-reversal (PR) electrodeposition route to successfully synthesize nickel selenide nanostructures directly decorated on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by adjusting different pulse-reversal potentials. The study systematically investigated the effects of PR potential on the morphology and composition of nickel selenides on CNTs. The experimental results suggested that regulating the PR potential could effectively manage the formation of nickel selenide nanostructures on the backbones of CNTs. By decreasing the PR potential from 0.2 to −0.2 V, the composition of nickel selenide nanostructures changed from NiSe2 to Ni0.85Se. The CNTs@NiSe2 electrode outperformed the others with a specific capacity of 125.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 and an impressive capacity retention of 81.2 % at 16 A g−1. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor using CNTs@NiSe2 as the cathode achieved exceptional performance with a high specific capacity of 42 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a maximum energy density of 33.6 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1. This work presents an efficient approach that can be widely employed to fabricate one-dimensional carbon material-supported transition metal selenide nanostructures for practical applications in the next generation of energy storage and conversion.

Strong Interaction between Titanium Carbonitride Embedded in Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers and Pt Enables Durable Oxygen Reduction.

Platinum (Pt) supported on high surface area carbon has been the most widely used electrocatalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, conventional carbon supports are susceptible to corrosion at high potentials, leading to severe degradation of electrochemical performance. In this work, titanium carbonitride embedded in mesoporous carbon nanofibers (m-TiCN NFs) are reported as a promising alternative to address this issue. Benefiting from the interpenetrating conductive pathways inside the one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and the embedded TiCN nanoparticles (NPs), m-TiCN NFs exhibit excellent stability at high potentials and interact strongly with Pt NPs. Subsequently, m-TiCN NFs-supported Pt NPs deliver remarkably enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability, with negligible activity decay and less than 5% loss of electrochemical surface area（ECSA） after 50000 cycles. Moreover, the fuel cell assembled by this catalyst delivers a maximum power density of 1.22W cm-2 and merely 3% loss after 30000 cycles of accelerated durability tests under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) protocols. The improved ORR activity and durability are attributed to the superior corrosion resistance of the m-TiCN NF support and the strong interaction between Pt and m-TiCN NFs.

Facile fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes@cerium oxide composite sensing platform for ultrasensitive electrochemical analysis of methyl parathion

We proposed a simple and feasible strategy to fabricate the nano-structured cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes networks (SWCNT@CeO2), which was utilized to fabricate the SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor for detecting methyl parathion (MP) with high sensitivity. SWCNT possessed the unique one-dimensional hollow nanostructure with excellent conductivity performance, which boosted the charge diffusion rate. CeO2 with good biocompatibility and high catalytic capacity could achieve the adsorption of MP molecules on the surface of sensing electrode due to the affinity of CeO2 nanoparticles towards the phosphate groups of MP. Furthermore, SWCNT could effectively make up for the inherent disadvantage of CeO2 nanoparticles in the term of electrical conductivity. The fabricated SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor achieved the ultrasensitive MP electrochemical analysis property (LOD: 9.12 nM). The satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference abilities were obtained at the fabricated sensor. Regarding the electrochemical detection of MP in real food samples, both satisfactory recovery rates of 87.68–107.31% and low RSD of 1.09–2.65% suggested the favorable application prospect of SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor in the field of pesticide residue analysis.

A high-temperature solar selective absorber based on one-dimensional multilayer nanostructures

Selective absorbers play a crucial role in harvesting solar energy and realizing effective solar-thermal energy conversion in concentrated solar power systems and thermophotovoltaic systems. This study focuses on obtaining a high-temperature solar selective absorber which can well balance its thermal performance as well as structural complexity. Based on this, a selective absorber with simple one-dimensional multilayer nanostructures is designed to adapt to the high-temperature operation environments. The obtained absorber exhibits a total solar absorptance of 0.9504 to the AM1.5 solar radiation. Taking into account the infrared radiation loss, the solar-thermal efficiency of the absorber is found to be 91.2% under 1000 suns at 1273 K, and the total emittance is 0.1504 at the corresponding temperature. The absorber shows high insensitivity to both incident polarization angles and wide-angle incidence. Analysis of impedance and electromagnetic field distribution indicates that the selective absorption performance of the absorber is attributed to its impedance matching properties, resulting from the coupling effect of surface plasmon polaritons and magnetic polaritons.

Investigation into thermoelectric performance of a flexible n-type nanocomposite film from the AgxSe nanotube composited with PPy

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) has turn up as a promising n-type thermoelectric (TE) material. Especially, the Ag2Se nanotubes may be more attractive in view of their one-dimensional hollow tubular nanostructure. Regrettably, the TE application of Ag2Se nanotubes has not yet been reported so far, probably due to their hard accessibility and poor processability. In this work, we developed a simple and efficient template-free electrochemical deposition method for preparing AgxSe nanotubes, and thus investigated the TE application of the AgxSe-nanotube films electrochemically composited with polypyrrole (PPy). It was found that the incorporation of PPy into the n-type AgxSe-nanotube films not only settled the issues of their high brittleness and easy oxidation, but also significantly improved their TE performance through the synergistic effects. Consequently, the AgxSe nanotube/PPy composite film achieved a maximum power factor of 282.8 ± 16.5 μW m−1 K−2, which is nearly twice that of the pure AgxSe-nanotube film.

One-dimensional Ga2O3-Al2O3 nanofibers with unsaturated coordination Ga: Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane under CO2 atmosphere with excellent stability

The pressing demand for propylene has spurred intensive research on the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. Gallium-based catalysts are regarded as highly promising due to their exceptional dehydrogenation activity in the presence of CO2. However, the inherent coking issue associated with high temperature reactions poses a constraint on the stability development of this process. In this study, we employed the electrospinning method to prepare a range of Ga2O3-Al2O3 mixed oxide one-dimensional nanofiber catalysts with varying molar ratios for CO2 oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO2-OPDH). The propane conversion was up to 48.4 % and the propylene selectivity was high as 96.8 % at 500 °C, the ratio of propane to carbon dioxide is 1:2. After 100 h of reaction, the catalyst still maintains approximately 10 % conversion and exhibits a propylene selectivity of around 98 %. The electrospinning method produces one-dimensional nanostructures with a larger specific surface area, unique multi-stage pore structure and low-coordinated Ga3+, which enhances mass transfer and accelerates reaction intermediates. This results in less coking and improved catalyst stability. The high activity of the catalyst is attributed to an abundance of low-coordinated Ga3+ ions associated with weak/medium-strong Lewis acid centers. In situ infrared analysis reveals that the reaction mechanism involves a two-step dehydrogenation via propane isocleavage, with the second dehydrogenation of Ga-OR at the metal–oxygen bond being the decisive speed step.

Flexible and crosslinking electrospun porous carbon nanofiber membranes as freestanding binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Electrospinning carbon nanofibers with one-dimensional nanostructures have enormous potential for electronic applications owing to their flexibility, electrical conductivity, high surface area and attractive structure. In this paper, porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber membranes with chemical crosslinking structure (PNCNMs-CC) were prepared for lithium-ion batteries anodes by crosslinking treatment and carbonization process using polyimide as precursor, melamine as nitrogen source and ethyl orthosilicate as pore-forming agent. The heightened nitrogen content synergizes with the augmented specific surface area, engendering a striking electrochemical enhancement. Rich pore structure provides more active sites. When utilized as a binder-free, current collector-free anode, PNCNMs-CC shows an excellent rate performance and long cycle stability. The first discharge specific capacity of PNCNMs-CC delivered 710 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. After 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1, PNCNMs-CC shows 88 % capacity retention, demonstrating a promising candidate as the flexible anodes for high-performance energy storage devices.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platform based on Zr-based MOF embellished single-wall carbon nanotube networks for trace analysis of methyl parathion

In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was designed based on Zr-based metal–organic framework (UIO-66) nanoparticles embellished single-wall carbon nanotube networks (SCN) for the detection of methyl parathion (MP). The synergistic combination of SCN and UIO-66 nanoparticles could fully exert each advantage to boost the MP electrochemical sensing analysis performance. SCN with one-dimensional hollow nanostructures formed three-dimensional interconnected carbon conductive networks, which possessed excellent conductive properties and acceptable specific surface area, enabling efficient transport of electrons and ions. UIO-66 nanoparticles with Zr-OH groups contributes and porous structure to the good affinity for phosphate groups on MP molecules, which enhanced the selective recognition and enrichment capability of sensing electrode towards MP. Under the multifunctional integration of SCN and UIO-66 nanoparticles, the SCN@UIO-66/GCE sensor could present satisfactory MP electrochemical detection performance (LOD: 8.05 nM, linear MP concentration range: 0.01–10 μM). The satisfactory practical property was realized at the SCN@UIO-66/GCE sensor with satisfactory recovery rates of 98.28–101.95 % and low RSD of 1.23–3.01 % for the electrochemical detection of MP in orange juice and lettuce samples.

One-dimensional diamond nanostructures: Fabrication, properties and applications

Diamonds exhibit a unique combination of numerous excellent physical and chemical properties, such as the highest hardness, high Young's modulus, wide bandgap, high carrier mobility, negative electron affinity, and high thermal conductivity. Especially, diamond has attracted significant attention in recent years for its outstanding performance in high-frequency and high-power electronic devices and thermal management. Inheriting the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of diamonds, one-dimensional (1D) diamond nanostructures exhibit many additional properties that are unavailable for bulk diamond or thin films, e.g., large specific surface area, ultrahigh elasticity, and some plasticity, tip effect as well as direct transport for photon or photo-induced carriers. These properties make 1D diamond nanostructures an ideal candidate for applications ranging from micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) to field electron emission, optical, electrochemical, and biological areas. This review will first introduce the development of controlled synthesis methods of 1D diamond nanostructure, including bottom-up chemical vapor deposition growth and top-down selective etching of bulk diamond. Subsequently, we will summarize recent advances in the mechanical, electron field emission, optical, and biological properties of 1D diamond nanostructures and their applications in electron and photon emitter, MEMS, sensing, intracellular delivery, etc.

Shuttling Active Elements in and out of Ultrathin Nanowires: Toward Rational Design of Multicomponent Catalysts.

One-dimensional nanostructures, with a high ratio of surface-bulk atoms, find applications as active catalysts. Here, we report tunability in ultrathin single-crystalline AuPdPt nanowires by modifying synthesis conditions and postsynthetic treatment in a controlled ambient atmosphere. The surface microstructure modification of these nanostructures has been analyzed by integrating the results of three crucial techniques including Z-contrast HAADF-STEM imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemically active surface area from cyclic voltammograms.

Continuous iron spreading on carbon-shell composite nanotubes for electromagnetic wave absorption

Iron-based nanotubes are promising candidates for high performance electromagnetic wave absorbing fillers due to their high aspect ratio, light weight, high axial permeability and high saturation magnetization. Furthermore, the introduction of carbon can improve dielectric loss and block the agglomeration of iron nanotubes. Here, Fe@C composite nanotubes were prepared by introducing carbon onto the surface of precursor α-FeOOH’ fibers followed by hydrogen-thermal annealing. We find that Fe@C composite nanotubes retain the one-dimensional nanostructure of the precursor throughout the annealing. The well-developed lattice and nanostructure of Fe@C nanotubes endow high saturation magnetization, high anisotropy, suppressed eddy current effect and cross-particle exchange coupling as well, and thus contribute to an enhanced permeability. Coatings with Fe@C as fillers achieve a reflection loss of up to −69.34 dB at 3.37 GHz at the matching thickness of 3.97 mm. The Fe@C composite nanotubes developed here are a promising candidate for high performance electromagnetic wave absorbing fillers.

Nitrogen-doped graphene-decorated FeSex-Sb2Se3/C nanofibers as advanced anode materials for potassium ion batteries

Low operating voltage, high theoretical capacity conversion alloyed anodes ideal for potassium ion anodes. However, how to address the structural deformation and volume expansion of the changed alloyed materials throughout the reaction process is a crucial topic. A novel nitrogen-doped graphene-decorated FeSex-Sb2Se3/C nanofibers (FeSbSe-NGCNFs) composite is synthesized by adding dicyandiamide (DCDA) during electrospinning. Benefiting from porous one-dimensional nanostructure, graphene-decoration and rich nitrogen doping, the best electrochemical performance is shown by FeSbSe-NGCNFs when used as an anode in PIBs. FeSbSe-NGCNFs provide a reversible discharge specific capacity of 279.9 mAh/g at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 87.6 %, in addition to a high capacity of 169.9 mAh/g at a high current of 3000 mA g−1. After 1000 cycles, the composite retained 115.8 mAh/g of capacity at 1000 mA g−1. The main causes of these exceptional cycling multiplicity properties are the porous structure that produces more carbon defects and active sites, increasing the amount of storage capacity for K+ and speeding up K+ transport and electron transfer, as well as the graphene nanosheet structure that enhances electrical conductivity and increases its specific surface area. Therefore, PIBs might benefit from the developed FeSbSe-NGCNFs as anode material.

Adsorption of N, He and Ne on CGe nanoribbons for sensing and optoelectronic applications.

Research into nanomaterials yields numerous exceptional applications in contemporary science and technology. The subject of this investigation is a one-dimensional nanostructure, six atoms wide, featuring hydrogen-functionalized edges. The theoretical foundation of this study relies on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and is executed through the utilization of the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). The outcomes demonstrate the stability of adsorption configurations, along with the preservation of a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. The pristine configuration, characterized by a wide bandgap, is well-suited for optoelectronic applications, whereas adsorption configurations find their application in gas sensing. Nitrogen (N) adsorption transforms the semiconducting system into a semimetallic one, with the spin-up state showing semiconductor characteristics and the spin-down state exhibiting metallic attributes. The intricate multi-orbital hybridization is explored through the analysis of partial states. While the pristine system remains non-magnetic, N adsorption introduces a magnetic moment of 0.588 μB. The examination of charge density differences indicates a significant charge transfer from N to the CGe substrate surface. Optical properties are systematically investigated, encompassing the dielectric function, absorption coefficient and electron-hole density. Notably, the real part of the dielectric function exhibits negative values, a result that holds promise for future communication applications.

On-chip growth of one-dimensional In2O3 nanostructures by vapor trapping method and their comparative gas-sensing performance

In this study, we use the chemical vapour deposition trapping method to grow various one-dimensional (1D) indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures, namely nanorods (NRs), nanoneedles (NNs), and nanowires (NWs). The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesised nanostructures are analysed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. By comparing the morphology of In2O3 under different growth conditions with previous research findings, we investigate the growth mechanism and the role of gold catalysts. The In2O3 sensor presented a good selection for C2H5OH gas. The NWs-based sensor exhibits a superior response and faster response-recovery rates (50%, and 49 s/343 s) in comparison to the NRs- (45%, and 35 s/339 s) and NNs-based sensors (8%, and 70 s/496 s) when exposed to 200 ppm C2H5OH at 400 °C. Besides, the sensors exhibited good stability under the switch-off reversible cycle. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was effectively used in classifying target gases such as 25–200 ppm C2H5OH, NH3, and CO at the temperature of 350 °C–450 °C. We attribute the NWs-based sensor’s better gas-sensing performance to its favourable morphology for gas diffusion and modulation of depletion depth.

Access to Advanced Functional Materials through Postmodification of Biomimetic Assemblies via Click Chemistry.

The design, synthesis, and fabrication of functional nanomaterials with specific properties remain a long-standing goal for many scientific fields. The self-assembly of sequence-defined biomimetic synthetic polymers presents a fundamental strategy to explore the chemical space beyond biological systems to create advanced nanomaterials. Moreover, subsequent chemical modification of existing nanostructures is a unique approach for accessing increasingly complex nanostructures and introducing functionalities. Of these modifications, covalent conjugation chemistries, such as the click reactions, have been the cornerstone for chemists and materials scientists. Herein, we highlight some recent advances that have successfully employed click chemistries for the postmodification of assembled one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures to achieve applications in molecular recognition, mineralization, and optoelectronics. Specifically, biomimetic nanomaterials assembled from sequence-defined macromolecules such as peptides and peptoids are described.

Unmasking the Electrochemiluminescence Properties of Ternary Mn/Fe/Co Metals Doped Porous g-C3N4 Fiber-like Nanostructure.

Graphitic-phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) materials have exhibited increasingly remarkable performance as emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters, owing to their unique optical and electronic properties; however, the ECL merits of porous g-C3N4 nanofibers doped with ternary metals are not yet explored. Deciphering the ECL properties of trimetal-doped g-C3N4 nanofibers could provide an exquisite pathway for ultrasensitive sensing and imaging with impressive advantages of minimal background signal, great sensitivity, and durability. Herein, we rationally synthesized g-C3N4 nanofibers doped atomically with Mn, Fe, and Co elements (Mn/Fe/Co/g-C3N4) in a one-pot via the protonation in ethanol and annealing process driven by the rolling up mechanism. The ECL performance of g-C3N4 with and without metal dopants was investigated and compared with standard Ru(bpy)32+ in the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as the coreactant. Notably, g-C3N4 nanofibers doped with metal ions exhibited an ECL efficiency of 483% that was 4.83 times higher than that of Ru(bpy)32+. Mechanistic investigations unveiled that the g-C3N4 nanofibers possess a large surface area and, as a result, exhibit a reduced interfacial impedance within the porous microstructure. These factors contribute to the acceleration of charge transfer rates and the stabilization of charge carriers and excitons, ultimately facilitating the ECL process. This research endeavor may pave the way for a new hot research area and serves as a powerful tool for elucidating fundamental inquiries of ECL on one-dimensional g-C3N4 nanostructures.

Review of: "did In the manufacturing of one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires by electro-accumulation method, there are three general steps"

Review of: "did In the manufacturing of one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires by electro-accumulation method, there are three general steps"