A new Cd(II) coordination polymer based on 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid (H2oba) and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (mbix), namely, [Cd(oba)(mbix)]n (1), has been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analyses, IR, TGA and fluorescence spectrum. Compound 1 shows a one-dimensional double-chain structure. The intermolecular C–H···O, C–H···N hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions extend the compound 1 into 2D supramolecular architectures and play an important role in stabilizing compound 1. In addition, natural bond orbital analysis was performed by using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method built in Gaussian 09 Program. The calculation results showed the obvious covalent interaction between the coordinated atoms and Cd(II) ion. A new Cd(II) coordination polymer based on 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid (H2oba) and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (mbix), namely, [Cd(oba)(mbix)]n (1), has been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It shows a one-dimensional double-chain structure. The intermolecular C–H···O, C–H···N hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions extend the compound 1 into 2D supramolecular architectures and play an important role in stabilizing compound 1.