One-dimensional Channels Research Articles

Origin of the unusual property contrast in K2Bi8Se13 phase-change material

Phase-change materials are promising foundations for both nonvolatile storage and neuro-inspired computing applications. An attractive phase change material K2Bi8Se13 (KBS) was recently discovered to possess fast structural transition and outstanding property contrast, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We conducted ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the transition of KBS from a crystalline to amorphous phase. Initiated by the Bi–Se bond breaking at the boundaries of atom blocks, the simulated phase transition proceeds through the conversion between BiSex octahedral and pyramid structures. Remarkable discrepancies in electronic structures and absorption spectra between the two phases are further illustrated by density functional theory simulations, which reproduce the experimental observations. The optical and electrical contrasts between the two phases are found to originate from the band edge states localized at various atom blocks that uniquely appear in the crystalline phase. These states provide pseudo one-dimensional transport channels with resonant bonding that may further intensify the electrical contrast. The distinct phase change properties compared with traditional phase change materials can be attributed to the hierarchical KBS crystal structure comprised of loosely bound atom blocks. The above findings pave an avenue toward the design of phase change materials beyond the traditional scope of the Ge–Sb–Te triangle map.

Building one-dimensional hole transport channels in cross-linked polymers to enable efficient deep blue QLED

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) emerged as very competitive candidates for next generation display and lighting applications. Cross-linked hole transport materials (HTMs) permit the flourish of solution-processed QLEDs. Whereas, unbalanced charge injection and energy level mismatch happened to cross-linked HTMs severely suppress the efficiency of blue QLEDs, which limits the full-color display application. Here, discoid molecules with self-assembly behavior were firstly proposed to construct one-dimensional transport channels in cross-linked hole transport layer (HTL) to advance the carrier transport property of the target composite HTL (CHTL). Compared with CHTLs prepared from amorphous and disordered crystalline discoid molecules, the carrier mobility of CHTL (T5DP36: V-CBP) with one-dimensional transport channels was signally boosted by two orders of magnitude from 6.6 × 10−5 to 2.16 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The relevant blue QLED was qualified with notably enhanced external quantum efficiency of 18.16 %, deep blue emission with Commission International de I’Eclaiiage of (0.14, 0.04) and extended T50 lifetime from 177 to 417 h under 100 cd m−2. This is at a cutting edge of deep blue light and eligible for high-end display applications.

Chemically tailored microporous nanocomposite membranes with multi-channels for intensified solvent permeation

Membrane technology is of great significance to realize efficient and energy-saving molecular separation in the petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food industries. However, current membrane materials are subject to an insurmountable trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report on a microporous nanocomposite membrane with multiple sophisticated transport channels to intensify solvent permeation. To achieve this goal, we designed polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with precise contorted rejection pores as the matrix and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with uniform one-dimensional (1D) channels as porous nanomaterials. Notably, the selected PIMs and COFs have similar chemical components and structures, ensuring that the interfacial compatibility between them was perfectly addressed. The as-prepared PIMs/COFs nanocomposite membranes showed a significant boost in solvent permeance (e.g., 18.1 and 4.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 for acetonitrile and ethanol), while leading to high rejection (>90%) toward solute molecules larger than 450 Da. Therefore, this work paves a promising avenue for the development of advanced membranes to achieve efficient organic solvent nanofiltration.

Realizing One-Dimensional Electronic States in Graphene via Coupled Zeroth Pseudo-Landau Levels.

Strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields can mimic real magnetic fields to generate a zero-magnetic-field analog of the Landau levels (LLs), i.e., the pseudo-Landau levels (PLLs), in graphene. The distinct nature of the PLLs enables one to realize novel electronic states beyond what is feasible with real LLs. Here, we show that it is possible to realize exotic electronic states through the coupling of zeroth PLLs in strained graphene. In our experiment, nanoscale strained structures embedded with PLLs are generated along a one-dimensional (1D) channel of suspended graphene monolayer. Our results demonstrate that the zeroth PLLs of the strained structures are coupled together, exhibiting a serpentine pattern that snakes back and forth along the 1D suspended graphene monolayer. These results are verified theoretically by large-scale tight-binding calculations of the strained samples. Our result provides a new approach to realizing novel quantum states and to engineering the electronic properties of graphene by using localized PLLs as building blocks.

A lindquist-type polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework as electrochemical sensor and efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of thioether

A new polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework, [Co(Mo6O19)(9,10-BIMA)3] (MOF-1) has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions by selecting 9,10-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)anthracene (9,10-BIMA) as bidentate N-donor ligand. In the structure of the MOF-1, the coordination of 9,10-BIMA ligands and Co(II) ions resulted in a three-dimensional 6-connected cationic framework containing a kind of one-dimensional channels, in which the Lindquist-type polyoxoanions [Mo6O19]2− as templates were assigned. The electrochemical and catalyticpropertystudiesshowed that the MOF-1 could be employed not only as electrochemical sensor for detecting bromate and ascorbic acid, but also efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of thioether to sulfoxide with satisfying conversion and selectivity.

Chiral hinge transport in disordered non-Hermitian second-order topological insulators

The generalized bulk-boundary correspondence predicts the existence of the chiral hinge states in three-dimensional second-order topological insulators (3DSOTIs), resulting in a quantized Hall effect in three dimensions. Chiral hinge states in Hermitian 3DSOTIs are characterized by the quantized transmission coefficients with zero fluctuations, even in the presence of disorders. Here, we show that chiral hinge transport in disordered non-Hermitian systems deviates from the paradigm of the Hermitian case. Our numerical calculations prove the robustness of hinge states of disordered non-Hermitian 3DSOTIs. The mean transmission coefficients may or may not equal the number of chiral hinge channels, depending on the Hermiticity of the chiral hinge states, while the fluctuations of transmission coefficients are always nonzero. Such fluctuations are not due to the broken chirality of hinge states but the incoherent scatterings of non-Hermitian potentials. The physics revealed here should also be true for one-dimensional chiral channels in topological materials that support chiral boundary states, such as Chern insulators, three-dimensional anomalous Hall insulators, and Weyl semimetals.

Quasi-Orthogonal Configuration of Propylene within a Scalable Metal-Organic Framework Enables Its Purification from Quinary Propane Dehydrogenation Byproducts.

Propylene production via nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH) holds great promise in meeting growing global demand for propylene. Effective adsorptive purification of a low concentration of propylene from quinary PDH byproducts comprising methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), propylene (C3H6), and propane (C3H8) has been an unsolved academic bottleneck. Herein, we now report an ultramicroporous zinc metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF, termed as 1) underlying a rigid one-dimensional channel, enabling trace C3H6 capture and effective separation from quinary PDH byproducts. Adsorption isotherms of 1 suggest a record-high C3H6 uptake of 34.0/92.4 cm3 cm–3 (0.01/0.1 bar) at 298 K. In situ spectroscopies, crystallographic experiments, and modeling have jointly elucidated that the outstanding propylene uptakes at lower pressure are dominated by multiple binding interactions and swift diffusion behavior, yielding quasi-orthogonal configuration of propylene in adaptive channels. Breakthrough tests demonstrate that 30.8 L of propylene with a serviceable purity of 95.0–99.4% can be accomplished from equimolar C3H6/C3H8 mixtures for 1 kg of activated 1. Such an excellent property is also validated by the breakthrough tests of quinary mixtures containing CH4/C2H4/C2H6/C3H6/C3H8 (3/5/6/42/44, v/v/v/v/v). Particularly, structurally stable 1 can be easily synthesized on the kilogram scale using cheap materials (only $167 for per kilogram of 1), which is important in industrial applications.

A gating ultramicroporous metal-organic framework showing high adsorption selectivity, capacity and rate for xylene separation

Adsorptive separation of p-xylene (pX) from xylene isomers is a key process in chemical industry, but known adsorbents cannot simultaneously achieve high adsorption selectivity, capacity, and rate. Here, we demonstrate gating ultramicropore as a solution for this challenge. Slight modification of the synthetic condition gives rise to isomeric metal-organic frameworks α-[Zn(pba)] (MAF-88, H2pba = 4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid) and β-[Zn(pba)] (MAF-89) possessing similar pillared-column structures, porosities, and high pX capacities of 2.0 mmol g−1, but very different framework/pore topologies, pore sizes, and pX selectivities. For binary and ternary mixtures of liquid xylene isomers, MAF-88 with narrow one-dimensional (1D) channels shows pX selectivity of 11 and 1.6, while MAF-89 with 3D-connected quasi-discrete pores shows pX selectivity up to 221 and 46, respectively. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and time-dependent separation experiments reveal that the kinetic effects of the gating pores play more important roles than the thermodynamic effects, which is further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational simulations.

Porous Supramolecular Assembly of Pentiptycene-Containing Gold(I) Complexes: Persistent Excited-State Aurophilicity and Inclusion-Induced Emission Enhancement.

We report herein a porous supramolecular framework formed by a linear mononuclear Au(I) complex (1) via the tongue-and-groove-like joinery between the pentiptycene U-cavities (grooves) and the rod-shaped π-conjugated backbone and alkyl chains (tongues) with the assistance of C-H···π and aurophilic interactions. The framework contains distorted tetrahedral Au4 units, which undergo stepwise and persistent photoinduced Au(I)-Au(I) bond shortening (excited-state aurophilicity), leading to multicolored luminescence photochromism. The one-dimensional pore channels could accommodate different solvates and guests, and the guest inclusion-induced luminescence enhancement (up to 300%) and/or vapochromism are characterized. A correlation between the aurophilic bonding and the luminescence activity is uncovered by TDDFT calculations. Isostructural derivatives 2 and 3 corroborate both the robustness of the porous supramolecular assembly and the mechanisms of the stimulation-induced luminescence properties of 1. This work demonstrates the cooperation of aurophilicity and structural porosity and adaptability in achieving novel supramolecular photochemical properties.

The Effect of Cation Exchange on the Pore Geometry of Zeolite L

Zeolites with the LTL framework topology are attractive materials for use in optoelectronics, gas adsorption and as chemical reactors. This is due to their unique, one-dimensional (1D) channel systems which are large enough to act as hosts for organic dye molecules and other guest materials. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray diffraction to show the effect of cation exchange on the pore geometry of LTL-type zeolites. The nature of the exchanging cation is shown to influence the free access diameter, volume and water content of the 12-ring (12R) channel systems. As such, cation exchange can be used to tune the molecular sieving and adsorption properties of LTL-type zeolites. This offers new possibilities for these materials in technologically relevant applications.

Aluminosilicate Zeolite EMM-28 Containing Supercavities Determined by Continuous Rotation Electron Diffraction.

A new aluminosilicate zeolite, denoted EMM-28, has been successfully synthesized on a large scale using 1,1-(3,3-(1,3-phenylene)bis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium) hydroxide as an organic structure directing agent (OSDA), which was scaled up to an ∼20 g scale with a yield of 77%. It crystallizes as thin plates (40–100 nm in thickness), and the corresponding powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern shows significant peak broadening which makes it insufficient for structure determination. Continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data collected from 13 crystals were successfully used to solve and refine the structure of EMM-28. This illustrates that cRED data are capable of performing structure determination despite limited PXRD data quality. EMM-28 has a unique framework structure containing supercavities, >21 Å in size, connected by one-dimensional 10-ring channels. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the structure model. The structure of EMM-28 is related to several known zeolite structures with large cavities.

Schottky-like barrier characterization of field-effect transistors with multiple quasi-ballistic channels

The potential barrier height at the interface formed by a metal contact and multiple one-dimensional (1D) quasi-ballistic channels in field-effect transistors is evaluated across different carbon nanotube and nanowire device technologies by means of a Landauer–Büttiker-based extraction methodology (LBM) adapted for multiple 1D-channels. The extraction methodology yields values for an effective Schottky barrier height and a gate coupling coefficient, an indicator of the device working at the quantum capacitance limit. The novel LBM-based approach embracing the mechanisms in 1D electronics is compared to the conventional activation energy method not considering such effects. The latter approach underestimates the potential barrier height at metal–channel interfaces in comparison to the novel methodology. A test structure based on a displaced gate device is proposed based on numerical device simulation results toward an improved accuracy of the method.

Diffusion behavior of gas molecules in the one-dimensional channel of AlPO4-5 molecular sieves

Understanding of molecular diffusion mechanisms in zeolite plays a crucial role in the processes of adsorption and separations and can greatly facilitate the design of zeolite at molecular level. However, compared with the case of free gas phase, the diffusion behaviors in channel of zeolite are much more complicated due to the confined pore environments. To dig more detailed information about the diffusivity mechanism of gas molecules in the zeolite pore, diffusion behaviors of H 2 , He, N 2 , CH 4 and CO 2 molecules in the one-dimensional (1-D) channel of AlPO 4 -5 (AFI) zeolite-like materials were investigated using a combined classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that the diffusion behavior for light molecules (H 2 and He) at low loading in AlPO 4 -5 channel is more freedom because of their small molecular diameter and low energy variation (ΔE) in the longitudinal direction of the pore. Then, transport of light gas molecules can be described as Knudsen diffusion and the molecular mass plays a key role in this case. Transports of N 2 , CH 4 or CO 2 , with larger molecular diameter and higher ΔE value, were proposed to compete with surface diffusion and their diffusivity should be controlled by the adsorption energy between gas molecule and pore wall. Therefore, the diffusion degree of gas molecules at low loading is decreased as follows: H 2 > He > N 2 > CH 4 > CO 2 . When the gas molecule loading increases, the gas diffusion freedom will be limited due to the increased gas-gas and gas-porous media collisions. Thus, the diffusion of these gas molecules with higher concentration is dominated by the gas-gas and the gas-AFI interactions. DFT calculation results demonstrate that both gas-gas and the gas-AFI interaction energies depend on their van der Waals diameter. As a result, the diffusion of these gas molecules at higher loading in AlPO 4 -5 channel is decreased as: He > H 2 > N 2 > CH 4 > CO 2 . Our results confirmed that the diffusivity of gas molecules within the 1-D channel of AlPO 4 -5 is controlled by the molecular mass or gas-wall interactions at low loading, while is dominated by the gas-gas/gas-wall interactions at high loading. • DFT calculation results confirmed that AlPO 4 -5 unit cell with P 1 symmetry is much more stable than that with P 6 cc symmetry. • Transport of light gas molecules (H 2 and He) with small d m and low ΔE at low loading in AlPO 4 -5 channel can be described as Knudsen diffusion and the molecular mass plays a key role in this case. • Transports of N 2 , CH 4 and CO 2 , with larger molecular diameter and higher ΔE value, at low loading in AlPO 4 -5 channel were considered as surface diffusion and their diffusivity should be controlled by the gas-AFI interactions. • The diffusion of these gas molecules in AlPO 4 -5 channel with higher concentration is dominated by the gas-gas and the gas-AFI interactions.

Joint Optimizations of Relays Locations and Decision Threshold for Multi-Hop Diffusive Mobile Molecular Communication With Drift.

In this paper, we study diffusive multi-hop mobile molecular communication (MMC) with drift in one-dimensional channel by adopting amplify-and-forward (AF) relay strategy. Multiple and single molecules type are used in each hop to transmit information, respectively. Under these two cases, the mathematical expressions of average bit error probability (BEP) of this system based on AF scheme are derived. We implement joint optimization problem whose objective is to minimize the average BEP with (Q + 2) optimization variables including (Q + 1) -hop distance ratios and decision threshold. Q is the number of relay nodes. Furthermore, considering that more optimization variables result in higher computation complexity, we use efficient algorithm which is adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) to solve the optimization problems to search the location of each relay node and the decision threshold at destination node simultaneously. Finally, the numerical results reveal that AGA has a faster convergence speed and it is more efficient with fewer iterations compared with Bisection algorithm. The performances of average BEP with optimal distance ratio of each hop and decision threshold are evaluated. These results can be used to design multi-hop MMC system with optimal optimization variables and lower average BEP.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphonate-Based Proton Conducting Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with proton-conducting behavior have attracted great attention as promising materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of three new mixed-ligand phosphonate-based MOFs, {Co(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-1), {Fe(H2PhDPA)(4,4'-bipy) (H2O)·2H2O}n (BAM-2), and {Cu(H2PhDPA)(dpe)2(H2O)2·2H2O}n (BAM-3) [where H2PhDPA = phenylene diphosphonate, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that BAM-1 and BAM-2 are isostructural and possess a three-dimensional (3D) network structure comprising one-dimensional (1D) channels filled with guest water molecules. Instead, BAM-3 displays a 1D network structure extended into a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. In all three structures, guest water molecules are interconnected with the uncoordinated acidic hydroxyl groups of the phosphonate moieties and coordinated water molecules by means of extended hydrogen-bonding interactions. BAM-1 and BAM-2 showed a gradual increase in proton conductivity with increasing temperature and reached 4.9 × 10-5 and 4.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH). The highest proton conductivity recorded for BAM-3 was 1.4 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 50 °C and 98% RH. Upon further heating, BAM-3 undergoes dehydration followed by a phase transition to another crystalline form which largely affects its performance. All compounds exhibited a proton hopping (Grotthuss model) mechanism, as suggested by their low activation energy.

Large-scale synthesis of polyynes with commercial laser marking technology

The space-confined synthesis method has been an efficient way for the preparation of linear carbon chains. However, the large-scale preparation of linear carbon chains still faces many challenges due to the lack of methods for the large-scale synthesis of precursors, such as short carbon chains (polyynes), and regulation technology for the transport of reactants in one-dimensional space. Here, we report a facile method for the rapid preparation of polyynes in large quantities using a commercial laser marking machine. Spectroscopic characterizations show that a large number of polyynes, such as C8H2, C10H2, C12H2, and C14H2, can be produced by ablating the graphite plate immersed in the organic liquid using a laser marking machine. The results of in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation of C2n H2-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes further confirm that a variety of polyyne molecules are synthesized. Meanwhile, in situ Raman spectroscopy also shows that the local heating treatment can accelerate the filling process of C2n H2 into one-dimensional channels. This work provides new insights into the study of linear carbon chains and space-confined synthesis methods.

Europium-cadmium organic framework with zwitterionic ligand exhibiting tunable luminescence, CO2 adsorption and dye degradation

Porous lanthanide-transition heterometallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a subclass of porous hybrid materials have attracted considerable attention as a new advance in the research on MOFs. However, rationally designing and constructing heterometallic MOFs with desirable properties remains a challenging task. In this work, involving the heterometallic cooperative crystallization method, a novel europium-cadmium MOF based on a zwitterionic carboxylate ligand, [EuCd(pbbp)2(SO4)2Cl2(H2O)3] (1), (H2pbbp·2Cl ​= ​1,1'-(1,4-phenylene-bis(methylene))-bis(3-carboxy pyridinium) dichloride), has been solvothermally synthesized. Complex 1 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of complex 1 consists of Eu–Cd heterometallic chains with one-dimensional channels. Complex 1 shows interesting excitation-dependent luminescence at room temperature. The gas adsorption studies show that complex 1 exhibits highly selective adsorption of CO2 over N2 and H2 under ambient conditions, which may be caused by the stronger interaction of CO2 with the positively charged pyridinium functional groups. In addition, the photocatalytic activity studies indicate that complex 1 shows good activity in rhodamine B dye degradation.

Flux Growth, Crystal Structures, and Electronic Properties of the Ternary Intermetallic Compounds Ca3Pd4Bi8 and Ca3Pt4Bi8

Reaction of the elements yielded Ca3Pt4Bi8 and CaPtBi, which are, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported ternary Ca–Pt–Bi compounds. The compounds crystallize isostructural to the Pd analogs Ca3Pd4Bi8 (own structure type) and CaPdBi (TiNiSi structure type), respectively. Employing a multistep temperature treatment allows for the growth of mm-sized single crystals of Ca3Pd4Bi8 and Ca3Pt4Bi8 from a Bi self-flux. Their crystal structures can be visualized as consisting of a three-dimensional extended polyanion [M4Bi8]6– (M = Pd, Pt), composed of interlinked M–Bi chains propagating along the c direction, and Ca2+ cations residing in one-dimensional channels between the chains. First-principles calculations reveal quasi-one-dimensional electronic behavior with reduced effective electron masses along [001]. Bader analysis points to a strong anionic character of the M species (M = Pd, Pt) in Ca3M4Bi8. Thus, it is more appropriate to address the compounds Ca3Pd4Bi8 and Ca3Pt4Bi8 as a palladide and platinide, respectively. Magnetization measurements indicate diamagnetic behavior with no indications for superconductivity down to 2 K. Electrical resistivity data are consistent with metallic behavior and suggest predominant electron–phonon scattering.

A time-fractional dual-phase-lag framework to investigate transistors with TMTC channels (TiS3, In4Se3) and size-dependent properties

In this study, a time fractional dual-phase-lag model with temperature jump boundary condition as a choice for the Fourier's law replacement in thermal modeling of transistors, is utilized. In more details, the numerical simulation of heat transfer in newly proposed TMTC field effect transistors using fractional DPL equation has been investigated. Moreover, the Caputo fractional derivative is employed to formulate the finite difference scheme for discretization of the fractional DPL model. In order to obtain more precise results for the peak temperature rise, the temperature and heat flux profiles, the size-dependent thermal properties are taken into account. Also, the temperature jump boundary condition has been also applied by means of a mixed-type boundary condition. It is obtained that considering size-dependent thermal characteristics for transistors under study, results in an increase of the peak temperature rise. As an instance, considering the film dependent thermal properties for a 1-D silicone MOSFET with uniform heat generation at the upper part, makes the maximum temperature increase up to 250%. Furthermore, considering constant bulk thermal properties for the silicon MOSFET, certain oscillations are observed in the time-variation of the peak temperature rise for α = 0.7, 0.9 and 1. This presents the so-called negative bias temperature instability appearing in electronic nano-semiconductor devices. Finally, the hotspot temperature has been researched in transistors containing two-dimensional materials with quasi one-dimensional band structure channels. It is obtained that among the studied FETs, titanium trisulfide with maximum temperature increase of 19.63 K exhibits the least peak temperature rise. This presents that TiS3 may be an acceptable silicon channel replacement as far as the thermal issues are concerned.

Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks Via Transfer Learning and Multi-Feature Fusion

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which can seriously affect the patient's psychological well-being and quality of life. An accurate and reliable seizure prediction system can generate alarm before epileptic seizures to provide patients and their caregivers with sufficient time to take appropriate action. This study proposes an efficient seizure prediction system based on deep learning in order to anticipate the onset of the seizure as early as possible. Handcrafted features extracted based on the prior knowledge and hidden deep features are complementarily fused through the feature fusion module, and then the hybrid features are fed into the multiplicative long short-term memory (MLSTM) to explore the temporal dependency in EEG signals. A one-dimensional channel attention mechanism is implemented to emphasize the more representative information in the multi-channel output of the MLSTM. Finally, a transfer learning strategy is proposed to transfer the weights of the base model trained on the EEG data of all patients to the target patient model, and the latter is then continuously trained using the EEG data of the target patient. The proposed method achieves an average sensitivity of 95.56% and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.27/h on the SWEC-ETHZ intracranial EEG data. For the more challenging CHB-MIT scalp EEG database, an average sensitivity of 89.47% and a FPR of 0.34/h are obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has good robustness and generalization ability in both intracranial and scalp EEG signals.