On-board System Research Articles

Assessing the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models for onboard passenger vehicle photovoltaics applications

AbstractWe assess the accuracy of two steady‐state temperature models, namely, Ross and Faiman, in the context of photovoltaics (PV) systems integrated in vehicles. Therefore, we present an analysis of irradiance and temperature data monitored on a PV system on top of a vehicle. Next, we have modeled PV cell temperatures in this PV system, representing onboard vehicle PV systems using the Ross and Faiman model. These models could predict temperatures with a coefficient of determination (R2) in the range of 0.61–0.88 for the Ross model and 0.63–0.93 for the Faiman model. It was observed that the Ross and Faiman model have high errors when instantaneous data are used but become more accurate when averaged to timesteps of greater than 1000–1500 s. The Faiman model's instantaneous response was independent of the variations in the weather conditions, especially wind speed, due to a lack of thermal capacitance term in the model. This study found that the power and energy yield calculations were minimally affected by the errors in temperature predictions. However, a transient model, which includes the thermal mass of the vehicle and PV modules, is necessary for an accurate instantaneous temperature prediction of PV modules in vehicle‐integrated (VIPV) applications.

Development and modeling of algorithms for calculating target angle in the coordinate system of the onboard radar

The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for calculating the target angle in the coordinate system of an onboard radar and modeling their operation. To construct an algorithm for calculating the target angle, a fixed terrestrial coordinate system and a moving coordinate system of an onboard radar are used. Expressions are presented for recalculating the Cartesian coordinates of an object from the earth coordinate system to the on-board radar coordinate system. The concept of azimuth and elevation planes is introduced for the coordinate system of an onboard radar. Algorithms for calculating target angles in the azimuthal and elevation planes are presented. It is shown that the algorithm for calculating the target angle in the elevation plane has a different form depending on the sign of the target elevation angle. In addition, the type of the mentioned algorithm depends on whether the target is approaching or moving away from the onboard radar. The resulting algorithms for calculating the target angle use information about the coordinates of the target speed in the coordinate system of the onboard radar. Since the coordinates of the velocity vector in the onboard radar cannot be measured, they are estimated from two contacts with the target during the review period. Modeling of the developed algorithms has been carried out.

Application Of Onboard PIV To Front Wheelhouse Wake Behavior Under Stationary Crosswind Conditions

When driving a car, the driver and passengers may feel larger drag from a headwind, the steering wheel would be taken away by a crosswind or pushed by a tailwind. Anytime, anywhere, we will encounter various scenes with natural wind under real world conditions such as urban, suburb and highway. We will develop the appropriate vehicle by simulating these conditions to satisfy with various customer requirements. For vehicle aerodynamic research and development, we are simply running simulations in physical- and cyber-space, that is, wind tunnel facility and computational fluid dynamics to reproduce these real worlds. However, it is not easy to simulate these wind inlet conditions, such as the temporal change in crosswind, especially, in wind tunnel facility. The stationary yaw angle by rotating turntable would reproduce a crosswind, if there is no turbulent generator system like in Pininfarina and Swing in FKFS. Therefore, we focus on the unsteady and asymmetrical flow from the front wheelhouse of the vehicle with tire rotation. There is three-dimensional complicated flow that are interacted by the flow from various directions, such as the flow along the front bumper, the flow along the rotating tire and wheel, the blowing flow from the rotating wheel opening area and the flow from the tire house. These complicated flow produces the front wheelhouse wake along the body side that affects the vehicle aerodynamic performance. Furthermore, there are asymmetrical flows around the vehicle by different front wheelhouse wake in windward and leeward sides. The larger side wake increases the aerodynamic drag, and the fluctuating side wake may induce the instability of the vehicle handling stability. Here, the proposed onboard 2D-3C PIV measurement system in the previous study enables us to measure same measurement area along the vehicle body side without change in optical configuration effectively, that indicates to reduce the time by resetting the optical configuration. We will investigate what kind of flow field should be focused on and controlled to prevent the vehicle instability by investigating these asymmetrical flow field around the vehicle under crosswinds.

Naval forces operational environment. Flexibility and strategic adaptability

In the dynamic scene of naval operations, constant adaptation and innovation are imperative to meeting the challenges and opportunities of technological advances, geopolitical changes and environmental considerations. This article aims to explore the multidimensional landscape of the naval operational environment, offering original insights and solutions to enhance naval capabilities and cooperation on a regional and global scale. From the forefront of technological innovation, onboard unmanned systems integration and artificial intelligence-based decision-making, to strategic adaptability in response to geopolitical dynamics, the study explores the complex interplay between naval strategy and emerging trends, with environmental considerations taking centre stage. The article argues for a collaborative global naval framework, highlighting the importance of international cooperation in addressing common maritime challenges. This framework envisages the creation of alliances, initiatives and partnerships to foster collective security, promote environmental protection and ensure the peaceful use of the world’s oceans. The main objective is to highlight the intersections between technological advances, strategic flexibility, environmental factors and international cooperation in shaping the future of naval operations. Overall, the study aims to engage a diverse audience comprising policymakers, maritime military leaders, researchers, academics and stakeholders involved in maritime security, defence and environmental protection.

The technique for approximation of three-dimensional surfaces in order to synthesize algorithms for preventing aircraft collisions with obstacles

The work marks the beginning of the practical application of algorithms for making the aircraft recovery maneuver from three-dimensional constraint surfaces, which are a combination of terrain and artificial obstacles. An analysis of events leading to aviation accidents was carried out, and a comparison of on-board systems for preliminary notification of aircraft crews about collisions with natural or artificial obstacles was made. It is shown that such systems are insufficient due to their passive-recommendatory nature of issuing warnings. A question has been raised about the need to implement an active automatic collision avoidance system with spatial obstacles. In order to apply existing algorithms for the aircraft recovery maneuver from spatial constraint surfaces, a technique has been developed for approximating three-dimensional surfaces (obstacles) specified on a digital terrain map in the form of discrete height readings with a certain step on a coordinate grid. A paraboloid of revolution was chosen as a continuous 2nd order surface approximating the obstacle, and its characteristic parameters were determined. To determine the characteristic parameters of the paraboloid, an algorithm for determining the intersection of a three-dimensional surface and a plane, based on the principle of determining the intersection of triangles in space, as well as a method for selecting the inflection point of the terrain, based on determining the value of the terrain height gradient, are proposed for use. The construction of an approximating paraboloid using the example of a natural obstacle in the form of a mountain range is given. When synthesizing algorithms for preventing collisions of aircraft with obstacles, the need to take into account not only the parameters of the constraint surfaces and dynamic characteristics of aircraft, but also the accuracy characteristics of data sources about their position is noted. Promising application areas of the developed methodology are shown.

Comparative analysis of single-board computers for the development of a microarchitectural computing system for fire detection

Objectives. The purpose of the work is to select the basic computing microplatform of the onboard microarchitectural computing complex for the detection of anomalous situations in the territory of the Republic of Belarus from space on the basis of artificial intelligence methods.Methods. The method of comparative analysis is used to select a computing platform. A series of performance tests and comparative analysis (benchmarking) are performed on the selected equipment. The methods of comparative and benchmarking analysis are performed in accordance with the terms of reference to the current project.Results. A comparative analysis and performance testing of Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and Cool Pi 4 Model B single-board computers, as well as AI-accelerator Google Coral USB Accelerator with Google Edge TPU have been performed. The comparative analysis showed that Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and Cool Pi 4 Model B fully meet the terms of reference to the current project. At the same time Cool Pi 4 Model B handles neural network calculations well, but four times slower than similar calculations on Google Coral USB Accelerator. Neural network computations on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B are 22 times slower than similar computations on the Google Coral USB Accelerator. Cool Pi 4 Model B outperforms Raspberry Pi 4 Model B by the factor of two to three for data copying and compression and almost six times faster for neural network computations.Conclusion. Despite the fact that Raspberry Pi 4 Model B meets the terms of reference to the project as a computational basis, when developing an on-board microarchitectural computing system for detecting anomalous situations, it is worth using more powerful alternatives with built-in AI-accelerators (e.g., Radxa Rock 5 Model A) or with an additional external AI-accelerator (e.g., a combination of Cool Pi 4 Model B and Google Coral USB Accelerator). Using a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with an additional AI-accelerator is also acceptable and will speed up computations by several dozen times. AI-accelerators provide the fastest neural network computations, but there are features related to the novelty of the technology that will be explored in further development.

Development of on-board power systems and the concept of a more electric aircraft

The article reviews the main stages of development of aircraft power systems. The basic features of the power node for the Mi-24 combat helicopter, a multi-tasking aircraft, are presented F-22 and the Boeing B-787 passenger airplane. The results of the analysis of methods for managing the distribution of electricity on both conventional aircraft and the most modern aircraft structures (A-380, B-787) are presented. The basic structures of the aircraft's on-board power network are presented, divided into three periods: the period until the 1960s (with the dominance of the direct current network with a voltage of 28.5 V), the period until 2000 (with the dominance of the three-phase alternating current network with a voltage of 3 x 115 V / 200 V, 400 Hz) and the most recent period, after 2000 (dominated by a 270 V direct current network, obtained by converting the voltage from a three-phase alternating current generator 3x 115 V / 200 V, 400 Hz using a transformer-rectifier block). The concept of a more electric aircraft was presented as the main direction of current construction works for MEA concept (More Electric Aircraft).

Diagnosing Incipient Faults for a Faster Adoption of Sustainable Aerospace Technologies

Next-generation aircraft require the development and integration of a deal of innovative green technologies to meet the ambitious sustainability goals set for aviation. Those transformational efforts are associated with a tremendous increase in the complexity of the onboard systems and their multiphysics-coupled behaviors and dynamics. A critical aspect relates to the identification of the coupled faults resulting from the integration of those green technologies, which introduce damage identifiability issues and demand new approaches for the efficient and accurate identification of non-nominal fault conditions. Model-based fault detection and identification (FDI) methodologies have been proven essential to identify onboard the damages affecting the systems from physical signal acquisitions, but existing methods are typically computationally expensive and fail to capture incipient coupled faults, which prevents their adoption and scaling with the increasing complexity of novel multiphysics systems. This work introduces a multifidelity framework to accelerate the identification of fault modes affecting complex systems. An original two-stage compression computes an optimally informative and highly reduced representation of the monitoring signals for the minimum demand of onboard resources. A multifidelity scheme for Bayesian inversion is developed to infer multidomain fault parameters from the compressed signals: variable cost and fidelity models are optimally queried for a major reduction of the overall computational expense. The framework is demonstrated and validated for aerospace electromechanical actuators affected by incipient multimodal faults. Remarkable accelerations of the FDI procedure are observed, and the exact identification of the incipient fault condition was achieved one order of magnitude faster than with standard algorithms.

ON-BOARD CONTROL-MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MICRO CONVERTIPLANE-TYPE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

The article describes the on-board control-measurement system designed to record the main flight parameters of a micro-convertiplane type unmanned aerial vehicle and the element base used for this purpose. The methodology of conducting tests in stationary mode through the on-board control-measurement system was developed and tests were carried out. The engine's diagnostic check and condition assessment has been performed using the on-board control-measuring system. The possibility of on-ground check of the micro unmanned aerial vehicles power elements before and after the flight, as well as the possibility of monitoring the flight events that may occur in the air during the flight has been shown. The data on the power consumption and temperature of each engine in the stationary mode, the direction of the aircraft axes and the velocity vector have been recorded by mean of the developed on-board control-measurement system, as well as time dependence diagrams of the corresponding parameters have been built in comparative order based on the obtained values. A methodology has been developed for the diagnostics of the engine operation of the micro-unmanned aerial vehicle before and during the flight. It has been shown that the temperature, power consumption and number of revolutions of the engines included in the power system of the aircraft, as well as the aircraft axes and velocity vector direction data is recorded during the flight, by mean of the on-board control-measurement system designed to collect data on the flight-technical parameters of the convertiplane-type micro-unmanned aerial vehicles.

СПОСОБИ МЕХАНІЧНОЇ СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЇ ЧАСТОТИ ОБЕРТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО ГЕНЕРАТОРА СИЛОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ

When studying the electrical on-board system of the vehicle as a whole, it is necessary to consider the dynamic characteristics of all its components. One of the links of the system is considered - a mechanical variator for stabilizing the frequency of rotation of the generator rotor. When the generator is driven by an aircraft engine, there are factors that prevent its stable operation. The rotation frequency of the drive motor is constantly changing, so there is a problem related to the creation of a high-quality system of mechanical stabilization of the rotation frequency. Possible methods of stabilizing the frequency of rotation of the electric generator rotor by using stepless variators are considered. When analyzing the possible types of stepless variable speed variators, mechanical variators were chosen, which have a number of advantages over other types, such as their compactness, low cost, high efficiency, etc. In particular, it is proposed to use differential gear mechanisms of various schemes as stabilizers: a differential variator made using schemes IA and AI, as well as a differential mechanism AI with a free carrier. As devices that provide self-regulation of the output rotation frequency, it is proposed to use speed regulators, the principle of operation of which is based on the use of centrifugal force, which changes when the rotation frequency changes at the input to the variator. A concrete example for a differential mechanism (AI) shows how to perform kinematic and force calculations to ensure constancy of the output speed when the input speed changes within ± 6%.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AND MEASURING THE SUPPLY OF WORKING GAS FOR LABORATORY TESTING OF THE ELECTRIC PROPULSION THRUSTERS

The object of the research is a device for measuring, controlling, and indicating the flow rate of working gas during laboratory testing of electric propulsion systems for space applications. The problem lies in the need to ensure high accuracy in controlling and measuring the flow rates of working gas for such devices. The obtained results include: analysis of existing industrial flow meters that could be used in development; proposed structural and functional diagrams of the device; experimental investigations into the accuracy of the developed device. Based on the analysis of parameters of the most common flow meters for development, the Bronkhorst F-201CV-100-AAD-22-V regulator was selected. Based on the selected regulator, a device was developed with a 32-bit ARM architecture. This architecture provides for the use of floating-point calculations, easy reprogramming of the device, and fast indication of values displayed on the indicator. The device features galvanic isolation between the control bus and the UART port of the microcontroller. The device allows for regulation, measurement, and indication of the flow rate of working gas into the anode block and hollow cathode during testing of Hall thrusters. Using the device allows for recommendations regarding the design of onboard systems for supplying working fluid to electric rocket propulsion systems. Based on the presented development and conducted research, laboratory prototypes of the devices were manufactured. The measurement error throughout the entire range of working gas flow rates does not exceed 0.7%. The overall error of the stand control and measurement system for working gas flow rates is up to 3%. The developed device provides measurement accuracy that satisfies the developers of electric propulsion systems.

Modelling a DC Electric Railway System and Determining the Optimal Location of Wayside Energy Storage Systems for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Energy Management

Global demand for fossil fuels is highly increasing, necessitating energy efficiency to be enhanced in transitioning to low-carbon energy systems. Electric railways are highly efficient in reducing the transportation demand for fossil fuels as they are lightweight and their energy demand can be fed by renewable energy resources. Further, the regenerative braking energy of decelerating trains can be fed to accelerating trains and stored in onboard energy storage systems (ESSs) and stationary ESSs. It is fundamental to model electric railways accurately before investigating approaches to enhancing their energy efficiency. However, electric railways are challenging to model as they are nonlinear, resulting from the rectifier substations, overvoltage protection circuits, and the unpredictability and uncertainty of the load according to the train position. There have been few studies that have examined the ESS location’s impact on improving the energy efficiency of electric railways while using specialised simulation tools in electric railways. However, no single study exists that has studied the location impact of stationary ESSs on the energy efficiency of electric railways while the trains are supported by onboard ESSs. Given these goals and challenges, the main objective of this work is to develop a model using commercial software used by industry practitioners. Further, the energy saving is aimed to be maximised using stationary ESSs installed in optimal locations while trains are supported by onboard ESSs. The model includes trains, onboard ESSs, rail tracks, passenger stations, stationary ESSs, and traction power systems involving power lines, connectors, switches, sectioning, and isolators. In this article, a test scenario is presented comprising two trains running on a 20 km with three passenger stations and two substations. The trains and track are modelled in OpenTrack simulation software (Version 1.9) while the power system is modelled in OpenPowerNet simulation software (Version 1.11). The two simulation tools are used in the railway industry and can produce realistic results by taking into account the entire electrical network structure. A stationary ESS is added on the wayside and moved in steps of 1 km to obtain the optimal location before investigating the impact of stationary ESSs on the performance and energy management of onboard ESSs. It is found that the energy saving when installing a stationary ESS at the optimal location is 56.05%, the peak-power reduction of Substation 1 is 4.37%, and the peak-power reduction of Substation 2 is 18.67%.

An algorithm for determining the geometric parameters of the aperture of an on-board deployable antenna system in an orbital flight

Earth remote sensing complexes placed on light-class spacecraft may have a radiating aperture size of the antenna system exceeding the specified dimensional limits, therefore such antenna system are placed on a multi-section frame. Their design feature is the ability to unfold in space after being put into orbit, which makes it possible to significantly increase the size of the aperture and, as a result, improve the quality of scientific and target remote sensing information. During deployment and in the conditions of orbital flight, under the influence of destabilizing factors of outer space, a distortion of the distribution of amplitudes and phases at the antenna aperture can be observed, which is caused, among other things, by a distortion of geometric parameters caused by a change in the position of the sections of the speaker relative to each other within the tolerances of the aperture installation. In this regard, it is an urgent task to determine the geometric parameters of the aperture of the speaker according to ground measurements, which can be compensated by adjusting the weight coefficients in a multi-channel speaker or by mechanically rotating the sections, depending on the available capabilities. Reducing the influence of destabilizing factors of the deployment of a multi-section radiating aperture on the directional pattern of the antenna system in orbital flight conditions. An algorithm is proposed for determining the geometric parameters of the deployment of the deployed antenna system in the conditions of orbital flight, which allows calculating the angles of the mutual position of the sections based on ground measurements. The main advantage of the developed algorithm is that it does not require measurements of directional patterns at the gain scale or measurement of complex readings of the directional pattern, which require high-precision certified stands. To successfully correct the parameters of the on-board antenna, it is enough to have the results of amplitude measurements. The application of the developed algorithm will make it possible to effectively use the energy potential of space-based on-board radio engineering complexes using large-sized deployable antenna arrays as antenna systems by determining and compensating for the influence of distortions in the geometric parameters of the aperture.

A panoramic driving perception fusion algorithm based on multi-task learning.

With the rapid development of intelligent connected vehicles, there is an increasing demand for hardware facilities and onboard systems of driver assistance systems. Currently, most vehicles are constrained by the hardware resources of onboard systems, which mainly process single-task and single-sensor data. This poses a significant challenge in achieving complex panoramic driving perception technology. While the panoramic driving perception algorithm YOLOP has achieved outstanding performance in multi-task processing, it suffers from poor adaptability of feature map pooling operations and loss of details during downsampling. To address these issues, this paper proposes a panoramic driving perception fusion algorithm based on multi-task learning. The model training involves the introduction of different loss functions and a series of processing steps for lidar point cloud data. Subsequently, the perception information from lidar and vision sensors is fused to achieve synchronized processing of multi-task and multi-sensor data, thereby effectively improving the performance and reliability of the panoramic driving perception system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in multi-task processing, the BDD100K dataset is used. The results demonstrate that, compared to the YOLOP model, the multi-task learning network performs better in lane detection, drivable area detection, and vehicle detection tasks. Specifically, the lane detection accuracy improves by 11.6%, the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) for drivable area detection increases by 2.1%, and the mean Average Precision at 50% IoU (mAP50) for vehicle detection improves by 3.7%.

Prognostics and Health Management of Unmanned Surface Vessels: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract With the increasing popularity and deployment of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) all over the world, prognostics and health management (PHM) has become an indispensable tool for health monitoring, fault diagnosis, health prognosis, and maintenance of marine equipment on USVs. USVs are designed to undertake critical and extended missions, often in extreme conditions, without human intervention. This makes the USVs susceptible to equipment malfunction, which increases the probability of system failure during mission execution. In fact, in the absence of any crew onboard, system failure during a mission can create a great inconvenience for the concerned stakeholders, which compels them to design highly reliable USVs that must have integrated intelligent PHM systems onboard. To improve mission reliability and health management of USVs, researchers have been investigating and proposing PHM-based tools or frameworks that are claimed to operate in real time. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on recent developments in PHM-related studies in the context of USVs. It covers a broad perspective of PHM on USVs, including system simulation, sensor data, data assimilation, data fusion, advancements in diagnosis and prognosis studies, and health management. After reviewing the literature, this study summarizes the lessons learned, identifies current gaps, and proposes a new system-level framework for developing a hybrid (offline–online) optimization-based PHM system for USVs in order to overcome some of the existing challenges.

Semi-Autonomous Smart Electric Vehicle with AI based Drive Assistance

In our research, we propose a practical methodology design and implementation of a semi-autonomous smart electric vehicle (EV) equipped with advanced features such as AI-based pothole detection, a robust battery management system (BMS), self-parking capability, and intelligent headlight intensity control. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the safety, efficiency, and user experience of electric vehicles through the integration of cutting-edge technologies.The AI-based pothole detection system utilizes sensors and machine learning algorithms to continuously monitor the road surface for hazards such as potholes, cracks, or debris. By analyzing real-time sensor data, the system can accurately identify potential road hazards and provide timely warnings to the driver or take proactive measures to mitigate their impact on vehicle performance and passenger comfort. The battery management system plays a critical role in optimizing the performance and longevity of the vehicle’s battery pack. Through advanced algorithms and predictive analytics, the BMS monitors various parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current to ensure safe and efficient operation of the battery. By dynamically adjusting charging rates and load distribution, the system maximizes the battery’s lifespan while ensuring sufficient energy availability for propulsion and onboard systems. Self-parking technology enables the vehicle to autonomously navigate parking spaces and execute precise maneuvers without human intervention.

Principles and methods of creating artificial vegetation cover on disturbed industrial lands

Biological reclamation is used to restore technogenically disturbed landscapes. Plant characteristics are important when choosing a plant assortment for the restoration of degraded areas. The purpose of this work was to study the principles and methods of creating artificial vegetation cover on disturbed industrial lands. Before carrying out biological reclamation, the surface was finished and a layer of potentially fertile soil layers with a capacity of at least 1 m and a fertile soil layer with a capacity of at least 0,5 m was applied. Before starting work, the quality of the seed material and its value were determined. Soil improvers (sapropel, latex, microorganisms, cellulose mulch) and biologics (TOP organic, complex of rhizospheric bacteria, hydrogel) were used for planting herbaceous and woody shrubby plants. After carrying out the hydraulic sowing activities, field germination of the seed was monitored every 10 days. Aerial photography was performed with an RGB camera using unmanned aerial vehicles of the DJI Phantom 4 Pro+ model with an on-board Global Navigation Satellite System receiver installed. It was found that the use of a biological product based on a complex of rhizospheric bacteria activated the processes of seed germination in experimental plots. Such activation made it possible to obtain productive bushiness of perennial crops in the early stages, due to which the area of vegetation covering the experimental site increased. The addition of hydrogel and TOP organic with a weight of 2 kg also had a positive effect on seed germination and plant survival. A comparative analysis of all experimental parameters revealed that the most effective projective coating of the site was obtained with the combined use of hydrogel and the preparation TOR-organic. At the same time, a further increase in the mass fraction of hydrogel in the substrate does not significantly affect the result of the creation of artificial vegetation cover on disturbed industrial lands.

Specifics of the Development of an On-Board Visualization System for Civil Aircrafts

Specifics of the Development of an On-Board Visualization System for Civil Aircrafts

Research on cascading effect analysis of civil aircraft electrical power system failures

Abstract Cascade effect analysis is a qualitative analytical method recommended by SAE ARP 4761A [1] for evaluating complex integrated civil aircraft systems. The Electrical Power System (EPS) is one of the critical onboard systems. It can provide electrical power to the avionics system, flight control system, and other critical systems on the aircraft, and it has a wide range of failure effects. The consequences of EPS failure effects are difficult to determine. This paper applies the cascading effect analysis method to carry out the qualitative safety assessment of the EPS on the aircraft and finally confirms that the architectural design of the EPS met the safety design requirements. It also gives the engineering method (such as test, MBSA) suggestion to further check and verify the correctness and completeness of the theoretical analysis of CEA.

Study on Hot Weather Operation Flight Test of Civil Aircraft Fuel System

Abstract As one of the important on-board systems of an airplane, the fuel system of a civil aircraft mainly supplies fuel to the engine and APU of the aircraft, and it is necessary to ensure that the pressure and flow rate of the fuel supply meets the needs of the engine and APU under each kind of probable operating conditions. This paper studies the specific requirements of the airworthiness regulations for the fuel system to work under hot climate conditions. At the same time, it explores how to show the compliance of the fuel system with the airworthiness regulations through the flight test method, which covers the determination of the flight test parameters, the control of the hot fuel temperature, the test modification, the implementation of the flight test mission and the analysis of the results. This paper provides a reference for the implementation of the hot weather operation of similar types of aircraft fuel systems.